Report:DIFFERENT TYPES OF HARBOURConcentrating on the classification based on Protection needed

Prepared by:

Rohi MuthyalaNIT Hamirpur

(2008-12) batch

What is a HARBOUR ????

HARBOUR A harbour can be defined as a basin or haven or road-stead of navigable waters well protected naturally or artificially from action of wind and waves, and is situated along sea-shore or river estuary or lake or canal connected to sea.

The harbours are classified as under: Classification depending upon the protection needed Classification depending upon the utility Classification based upon the location

TerminologyBreak Waters: Structures constructed on coasts as part of

coastal defence or to protect an anchorage from the effects of weather and long shore drift to absorb the energy of the waves that hit it.

Road-Stead: A place outside a harbour where a ship can lie at anchor. It is an enclosed area with an opening to the sea, narrower than a bay or gulf.

Dock: An area of water for building or repairing or loading and unloading ships or ferries

Jetty: A structure, such as a pier, that projects into a body of water to influence the current or tide or to protect a harbor or shoreline from storms or erosion.

Wharf: A fixed platform, commonly on pilings, where ships are loaded and unloaded.

Port: A facility for receiving ships and transferring cargo. Quay: A wharf or bank where ships and other vessels are

loaded.

Classification of Harbour depending upon the protection needed

Natural Harbours (Eg: Mumbai and Kandla harbours)It is naturally protected.

Semi-Natural Harbours (Eg: Visakhapatnam harbour)It is protected on sides by headlands and

it requires man-made protection only at the entrance.

Artificial Harbours (Eg: Chennai harbour)It is protected from the effect of waves

either by breakwaters or by dredging.

Mumbai Harbour

Indira Dock, ship repair

Fishingharbour

Ferry Wharf

Visakhapatnam Harbour

ship repair

Harbour

Ferry Wharf

Fishing harbour

containers

Southern breakwater

1540m

East

ern

bre

akw

ate

r107

0m

North Breakwater412m

Chennai Harbour

Harbour

ship repair

Chennai terminalFrom the sea

Break Waters

Ferry WharfCargo storage

Containers

Major Ports of India

PORTS OF CHENNAI

wheat, raw cotton, machinery, and iron and steel

iron ore, leather, and cotton textiles

DOCKS IN THE PORT OF CHENNAI

BERTHS TOTAL LENGTH(m)

MAX. PERMISSIBLE DRAFT(m)

LENTH OF EACH BERTH(m)

JAWAHAR DOCK

6 1310 10.4 - 11 218.3

AMBEDKAR DOCK

13 1676 8.5 - 12 246(longest)

BHARTHI DOCK

3 917.2 14.6 -16.5 274.3 -338.9

The traffic projections for the Port of Chennai

Port of Visakhapat

nam

Soft wall gun, wax emulsion, toy wind up bird

Articles of wood kitchen & bath, coated art board etc.

The Port of Visakhapatnam's East Quay

It has a total of 1849 meters of berths. East Quay Berths 1-4 have maximum

permissible draft of 10.06 meters. Berths 1-3 are each 167.6 meters long, and

Berth 4 is 231 meters long. East Quay 5 is 167.6 meters long, East Quay 6

is 182.9 meters long. Both berths have maximum permissible draft of

10.21 meters. East Quay Berths 7-9 are each 255 meters long

with maximum permissible draft of 11 meters.

HARBOURS OF PORT OF VISHAKHAPATTNAM

AREA COVERED(ha.)

BERTHS DRAFT(m)

OUTER HARBOUR 200 6 17(16.5)

INNER HARBOUR 100 18 10.7-11

PORTS OF MUMBAI

Crude oil, steam cargo, iron and steel

Molasses, oil cakes, edible oil, food grains

PORTS OF MUMBAI

CARGO HANDLING

Contains eight berths when commissioned in 1880.When commissioned in 1888 , then total of 14 berths.

DOCKS OF PORT OF MUMBAI

BERTHS TOTAL LENGTH OF BERTHS(m)

ALONGSIDE BERTH DEPTH(m)

INDIRA DOCK

26 228.6(each) 7-9

PRINCE’S DOCK

8 1220 6.1-6.4

VICYORIA DOCK

14 1732 6.7

The traffic projections for the Port of Mumbai

HINTERLAND

The hinterland is the land behind the borders of a coast or river.

Specifically, the word is applied to the inland region lying behind a port, claimed by the state that owns the coast.

The area from which products are delivered to a port for shipping elsewhere is that port's hinterland

Hinterland Connection- Challenges

Mainchallen

ges

Inefficient & Efficient Hinterland Links

“A Comparison”

Inefficient Hinterland Links• It is like a congested Road traffic• Increases Supply Chain cost with consequent economic, environmental & social problems

Efficient Hinterland Links• It is like a superhighway system.• Efficient turnaround time• Cost saving & environment friendly• Boost to Hinterland economy

Nodes of Infrastructure for Port

Success of port is a function of all the 3 major Nodes

Minimum capacity of any node determines Capacity of Port

Indian Scenario

SOLUTION Avoid unnecessary journeys. Upgrading more transport arteries and hubs. Cross state border transport initiatives shifting more traffic to

railways and inland waterways Environmentally friendly and climate friendly transport Good working conditions and good training in the freight

transport industry

Why India Not Able to Achieve It?

CARGO FORECASTING

Cargo Forecast:-Cargo handling forecast is the

most pertinent factor as it enables us in deciding upon the future infrastructure and other functional facilities required and service levels demanded.

Cargo forecasting includes two components:-

Commodity analysisMarket Drivers

CONT….

Commodity Analysis:-

In order to understand the trade flux, the traffic analysis is carried out based on the last some year statistics of cargo volume handled at the Port. The same is presented in table which helps to analyze the transformation pattern for each major commodity individually.

CONT…

Market Drivers:-

The traffic handled at the Port is affected by the multiple market drivers. These market drivers help in projecting the growth rates for the commodities as we look into the future and work out a traffic forecast.

MARKET DRIVERS

DEMAND FORECASTING

Demand forecasting is done to know about the commodities required in a particular dock.

Commodities have been split into two groups:

Major commodities Other commodities

Major commodities

1) Coal2) Iron Ore3) Containers4) Automobiles

Other commodities

1) Fertilizers2) Grains and sugar3) Engineering goods4) Steel products5) Consumer

products6) SEZ products

STORAGE CAPACITY AND STORAGE EQUIPMENTS

Storage capacity of docks depends upon:-

Land Available Material to be handled Storage boxes available

CONT….Dock boxes are also known as indoor dock storage boxes or outdoor dock storage boxes. Their main objective is to provide a suitable place to keep your dock accessories safe and sound. These can also be used to store other equipment like

garden equipment pool tools blankets and toys etc.

They keep the goods dry even in harsh weathers. They can be used as an additional seat on your boats while you have your dock accessories or boat washing supplies stored in them.

Storage Boxes

Specialty dock boxes

Triangular dock boxes

Seat top dock boxes

Standard dock boxes

Low profile dock boxes

Storage equipment

Mobile Cranes Diesel Fork Lift Truck,

GANTRY CRANESHORE ELECTRIC CRANE

MOBILE CRANE DIESEL FORK LIFT TRUCK

CONT….

DIESEL ELECTRIC LOCO FLOATING CRANE

Queries……..??

References:

www.worldportsource.com www.deloitte.com http://people.hofstra.edu/geotrans/index.html Images from Google EarthInternational Journal of Offshore and Polar

EngineeringVol. 13, No. 2, June 2003 (ISSN 1053-5381)

‘Harbour, Dock and Tunnel Engineering’ by R.SRINIVASAN

Breakwaters

Back

Roadstead

Back Schooner anchored in a roadstead in Sardinia, Italy

Docks

Back

Jetty

Back

Wharf

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Port

Back

Quay

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