Basic Energy SciencesBasic Energy Sciences

Harriet KungDirector, Office of Basic Energy Sciences

Office of Science, U.S. Department of Energy

Board on Physics and Astronomy Spring MeetingBoard on Physics and Astronomy Spring MeetingKeck Center of the National AcademiesKeck Center of the National Academies

April 24, 2009April 24, 2009

OFFICE OF

SCIENCE

2

What’s New

I.I. Staffing Staffing

II.II. The BESAC “New Era” Subcommittee Report:The BESAC “New Era” Subcommittee Report:“New Science for a Secure and Sustainable Energy “New Science for a Secure and Sustainable Energy Future” Future”

III.III. Budget Budget H.R. 1, The American Recovery and Reinvestment Act H.R. 1, The American Recovery and Reinvestment Act

(ARRA) of 2009(ARRA) of 2009 FY 2009 Budget Appropriation FY 2009 Budget Appropriation

EFRC and SISGR UpdatesEFRC and SISGR Updates

IV.IV. LCLS First LightLCLS First Light

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Scattering and Instrumentation

Sciences

Helen KerchCheryl Howard, P.A.

X-ray ScatteringLane Wilson

Neutron ScatteringThiyaga P. Thiyagarajan

Electron and Scanning Probe Microscopies

Jane Zhu

DOE EPSCoR*Tim FitzsimmonsHelen Farrell, INL

* Experimental Program toStimulate Competitive Research

Condensed Matter and Materials Physics

Jim HorwitzMarsophia Agnant, P.A.

Exp. Cond. Mat. Phys.Andy Schwartz

Doug Finnemore, AmesVacant

Theo. Cond. Mat. Phys.Michael Lee

Arun Bansil, NEU Jim Davenport, BNL

Kim Ferris, PNNL

Physical Behavior of MaterialsRefik Kortan

Mechanical Behaviorand Radiation Effects

John Vetrano

Linda Horton, DirectorEhsan Khan, Program Manager Christie Ashton, Program Analyst

Charnice Waters, Secretary

Physical BiosciencesBob Stack

Photosynthetic SystemsGail McLean

Photo- and Bio-Chemistry

Rich GreeneSharron Watson, P.A.

Chemical Sciences, Geosciences, and Biosciences Division

Eric Rohlfing, DirectorDiane Marceau, Program Analyst

Michaelene Kyler-King, Program Assistant

Scientific User Facilities Division

Pedro Montano, DirectorLinda Cerrone, Program Support Specialist

Rocio Meneses, Program Assistant

Operations ConstructionMaterials Discovery,

Design, and Synthesis

Arvind KiniKerry Gorey, P.A.

Tech. Coordination Program Management

John VetranoVacant

Materials ChemistryDick Kelley

Jim McBreen, BNLVacant

Biomolecular MaterialsMike Markowitz

Synthesis and Processing Bonnie GerstenJeff Tsao, SNL

Mike Coltrin, SNL

Catalysis ScienceRaul MirandaPaul Maupin

Heavy Element Chemistry

Lester Morss Norm Edelstein, LBNL

Separations and Analysis

Bill MillmanLarry Rahn, SNL

GeosciencesNick Woodward

Pat Dobson, LBNL

Chemical Transformations

John MillerTeresa Crockett, P.A.

Solar PhotochemistryMark Spitler

Atomic, Molecular, and Optical Sciences

Jeff Krause

Computational and Theoretical Chemistry

Mark Pederson

Fundamental Interactions

Michael CasassaRobin Felder, P.A.

Spallation Neutron Source Upgrades

Tom Brown

NSLS II Tom Brown

TEAMVacant

Instrument MIEs (SING, LUSI, etc.)

Vacant

Advanced Light Source User Support Building

Tom Brown

X-ray and Neutron Scattering Facilities

Roger KlaffkyVacant

Nanoscience Centers &E-beam Centers

Tof CarimVacant

Accelerator and Detector R&D

Vacant

Facility Coordination, Metrics, Assessment

Van Nguyen

Linac CoherentLight SourceTom Brown

Harriet Kung, DirectorWanda Smith, Administrative Specialist

Office of Basic Energy SciencesOffice of Basic Energy Sciences

Technology Office CoordinationMarvin Singer

Vacant

Condensed-Phase and Interfacial Mol. Science

Greg Fiechtner

Gas-PhaseChemical Physics

Wade SiskLarry Rahn, SNL

BES Operations

Rich Burrow, DOE Technical Office CoordinationDon Freeburn, DOE and Stakeholder InteractionsKen Rivera, Laboratory Infrastructure / ES&HKatie Perine, Program Analyst / BESACVacant, Technology Office Coordination

BES Budget and Planning

Bob Astheimer, Technical AdvisorMargie Davis, Financial ManagementVacant, Program Support Specialist

April 2009Posted 01APR09

Detailee (from DOE laboratories)Detailee, ½ time

Detailee, ½ time, not at HQDetailee, ¼ time, not at HQOn detail from SC-2, ½ timeIPA (Interagency Personnel Act)

P.A. Program Assistant

L E G E N D

Materials Sciences and Engineering Division

4

Linda Announcement

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Energy and Science Grand Challenges

http://www.sc.doe.gov/bes/reports/list.html

BESAC and BES Reports Secure Energy Future, 2002

Hydrogen Economy, 2003

Solar Energy Utilization, 2005

Superconductivity, 2006

Solid-state Lighting, 2006

Advanced Nuclear Energy Systems, 2006

Clean and Efficient Combustion of Fuels, 2006

Electrical Energy Storage, 2007

Geosciences: Facilitating 21st Century Energy Systems, 2007

Materials Under Extreme Environments, 2007

Directing Matter and Energy: Five Grand Challenges for Science and the Imagination, 2007

New Science for a Secure and Sustainable Energy Future, 2008

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New Science for a Secure and Sustainable Energy Future

Three Strategic Goals:

Making fuels from sunlight Generating electricity without carbon dioxide emissions Revolutionizing energy efficiency and use

http://www.sc.doe.gov/bes/reports/list.html

Charge: Summarize the range of scientific research directions that emerged from the 2002

BESAC report Basic Research Needs for a Secure Energy Future, the follow-on BES BRNs reports, and the BESAC report “Directing Matter and Energy: Five Challenges for Science and the Imagination.” Identify key cross-cutting scientific themes that are common to these reports.

Summarize the implementation strategies, and human resources that will be required to accomplish the science described in the aforementioned reports.

Co-Chairs: George Crabtree (ANL) and Marc Kastner (MIT)Members: Michelle Buchanan, Thomas Mallouk, John Sarrao, Michael Klein, Arthur Nozik, Julia Phillips, Sue Clark, Frank DiSalvo, Don DePaolo, Simon Bare, Wayne Hendrickson, Wolfgang Eberhardt, Franz Himpsel, Michael Norman, Andrea Cavalleri, Carl Lineberger, Yet-Ming Chiang, Pat Looney

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Energy Sustainability and Materials

Greater Sustainability = Greater Complexity,higher functional materials

Traditional Energy Materials

Fuels: coal, oil, gasCH0.8, CH2, CH4

Passive Function: Combustion

Value: CommoditiesHigh Energy Content

Sustainable Energy Materials

Diverse FunctionsPV, Superconductors,

PhotocatalystsBattery Electrodes

Electrolytic Membranes

Active Function: Converting Energy

Value: Functionality30 year Lifetime

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Solar Energy Utilization: PV Production Learning Curve

Note: By 2020, current trajectory will supply 16 GW (peak) (~3.5 GW avg) in U.S. whereas at least 425 GW will be needed just for electricity, and ~2000 GW for fuel.

80%

2005

1976“80% Learning Curve”:

Module price decreases by20% for every doubling of

cumulative production

20102015

Silicon Wafer Technologies

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Solar Energy Utilization: Breakthroughs Needed

New Science is required to move us off the present curve

PV grid parity (~$0.10/kWh) is projected by 2015. But this is not good enough for massive use of solar power. That would require solar at $0.02/kWh (cost of coal). And that bold goal requires basic research and resultant disruptivetechnology.

Future scenarios:Crystalline siliconThin films/ConcentratorsNew technologies

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Enabling Technologies: Storing Energy

Store intermittent solar and wind electricity Electrify transportation with plug-in hybrids and electric cars

Energy/weight

Ener

gy/v

olum

e

0

10

20

30

0 10 20 30 40

Energy Storage Density gasoline

batteries

supercapacitors

ethanol

combustion

methanolhydrogen

compounds (target)

compressed hydrogen gas

chemical +

fuel cells= electricity

x2-5 increase in battery energy density; x10-20 increase through chemical storage + fuel cells

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New Science: Mastering Complexity

Nanoscience

Computer modeling

Complex materials

Controlling Materials and Chemistries

in ultra-small and ultra-fast regimes

A New Era of Science:A New Era of Science:

Build materials with atom-by-atom chemical precision Predict behavior of new materials Design novel materials and chemistries for specific tasks

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BESAC Subcommittee on Facing our Energy Challenges in a New Era of Science

http://www.sc.doe.gov/bes/reports/files/NSSSEF_rpt.pdf

Recommendations:

Control science with complex functional materials.

Increase the rate of discoveries and establish US leadership in next-generation carbon-free energy technologies.

‘Dream teams’ of highly educated talent, equipped with forefront tools, and focused on the most pressing challenges

Aggressively recruit the best talent through a series of workforce development.

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Office of Science

U.S. Department of Energy

(dollars in thousands)

Basic Energy Sciences………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………1,221,380 1,269,902 1,568,160 +298,258 +23.5%Advanced Scientific Computing Research………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………275,734 351,173 368,820 +17,647 +5.0%Biological and Environmental Research………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………480,104 544,397 568,540 +24,143 +4.4%High Energy Physics………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………732,434 689,331 804,960 +115,629 +16.8%Nuclear Physics………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………412,330 432,726 510,080 +77,354 +17.9%Fusion Energy Sciences………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………311,664 286,548 493,050 +206,502 +72.1%Science Laboratories Infrastructure………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………41,986 66,861 110,260 +43,399 +64.9%Science Program Direction………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………166,469 177,779 203,913 +26,134 +14.7%Workforce Dev. for Teachers & Scientists………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………7,952 8,044 13,583 +5,539 +68.9%Safeguards and Security (gross)………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………75,830 75,946 80,603 +4,657 +6.1%SBIR/STTR (SC funding)………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………86,936 —— —— —— ——

Subtotal, Office of Science………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………3,812,819 3,902,707 4,721,969 +819,262 +21.0%Adjustments*………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………23,794 70,435 —— -70,435 ——

Total, Office of Science………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………3,836,613 3,973,142 4,721,969 +748,827 +18.8%

* Adjustments include SBIR/STTR funding transferred from other DOE offices (FY 2007 only), a charge to reimbursable customers for their share of safeguards and security costs (FY 2007 and FY 2008), Congressionally-directed projects and a rescission of a prior year Congressionally-directed project (FY 2008 only), and offsets for the use of prior year balances to fund current year activities (FY 2007 and FY 2008).

FY 2009 Request to Congress

FY 2009 Request to Congress vs. FY 2008

Approp.

FY 2008 Approp.

FY 2007 Approp.

Office of Science FY 2009 Budget Request

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Basic Energy Sciences The American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009

BES will invest $524.3 million of the ARRA funding for the following six activities:

$150.0M to accelerate the civilian construction of the National Synchrotron Light Source II (NSLS-II) at Brookhaven National Laboratory;

$14.7M to complete the construction of the User Support Building (USB) at the Advanced Light Source (ALS) at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory;

$33.6M to complete the Linac Coherent Light Source (LCLS) Ultrafast Science Instruments (LUSI) MIE project at SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory;

$25.0M for capital equipment replenishment and augmentation at the five BES Nanoscale Science Research Centers (NSRCs);

$24.0M for four synchrotron radiation light sources capital equipments, AIP, other upgrades

$277.0M for Energy Frontier Research Centers (EFRCs).

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Basic Energy Sciences FY 2009 Appropriations

FY 2009 Omnibus Appropriations ActDivision C - Energy and Water Development and Related Agencies Appropriations Act, 2009

“Basic Energy Sciences.—The bill provides $1,571,972,407 for this program. Within this amount, $17,000,000 is provided for the Experimental Program to Stimulate Competitive Research (EPSCoR). Full funding is provided to support the operations of the major scientific user facilities and the five Nanoscale Science Research Centers, as well as additional instrumentation for the Spallation Neutron Source and the Linac Coherent Light Source. The control level is at the Basic Energy Sciences level.”

http://docs.house.gov/rules/omni/jes/divcjes_111_hromni2009_jes.pdf

Total, BES

FY 2009Request

1,269,902 1,568,160 1,571,972 +302,070 +3,812

FY 2008Enacted

OmnibusBill

Omnibus Billvs. Enacted

Omnibus Billvs. Request

(in thousands)

16

History of Request vs. Appropriation (FY08 Constant Dollars)*

* Prior to FY 2008 Supplemental & FY 2009 Recovery Act Funding

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Core research programs$100M for Energy Frontier Research Centers ~$55M for single investigator and small group awards for grand science and energy research (including one-time funding for mid-scale instrumentation and ultrafast science)

Facility-related research (detectors, optics, etc.) ~ $10M$17M for EPSCoR (vs. request of $8.24M)

Scientific user facilities operationsFull funding for:

Synchrotron light sources Neutron scattering facilities Electron microcharacterization facilities Nanoscale Science Research Centers

Construction and instrumentationFull funding for:

National Synchrotron Light Source-II Linac Coherent Light Source + Linac operations + instruments Advanced Light Source User Support Building Spallation Neutron Source instruments PULSE Building

FY 2009 BES Budget Omnibus Appropriations Act 2009

MSE Research

CSGB Research

Facilities Ops

Appropriation$ 1,572M34 5 35.3

MSE Research

CSGB Research

Facilities Ops

EFRC

MIE GPP SBIR

Construction

SUF Research

145.5

20.4

273.3

239.5

719

100

NeutronSources

LightSources

NSRC

OPC 27

339.4

101.2

251.4

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EFRC will pursue collaborative fundamental research that addresses both energy challenges and science grand challenges in areas such as:

Solar Energy Utilization Geosciences for Nuclear Waste and CO2 Storage Catalysis for Energy Advanced Nuclear Energy Systems Electrical Energy Storage Combustion of 21st Century Transportation Fuels Solid State Lighting Hydrogen Production, Storage, and Use Superconductivity Materials Under Extreme Environments Other Conversion of Biological Feedstock to Portable Fuels

Engaging the Talents of the Nation’s Researchers for the Broad Energy Sciences: BES announced the initiation of EFRCs to accelerate the scientific breakthroughs needed to create advanced energy technologies for the 21st century. The EFRCs will pursue the fundamental understanding necessary to meet the global need for abundant, clean, and economical energy.

Energy Frontier Research CenterTackling our energy challenges in a new era of science

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Timeline of the EFRC Solicitation

2/2008

BES rolled-out EFRC in

FY2009 Budget

Request & BESAC

4/2008

EFRC FOA issued

Amended4/20086/20089/2008

7/2008

BES Received

251 Letters of

Intent

10/2008

BES261 Full

Proposals Received

BES

Conducted Merit Reviews

Jan 08 April 08 Oct 08 Jan 09 Apr 09July 08

FY2008 FY 2009

Awards Announcement

Continuing Resolution through 3/6/09

July 09

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Single-Investigator and Small-Group Research (SISGR) will significantly enhance the core research programs in BES and pursue the fundamental understanding necessary to meet the global need for abundant, clean, and economical energy.

Awards are planned for three years, with funding in the range of $150-300 K/yr for single-investigator awards and $500-1500 K/yr for small-group awards

Areas of interest include: Grand challenge science: ultrafast science; chemical imaging, complex &

emergent behavior Use inspired discovery science: basic research for electrical energy storage;

advanced nuclear energy systems; solar energy utilization; hydrogen production, storage, and use; geological CO2 sequestration; other basic research areas identified in BESAC and BES workshop reports with an emphasis on nanoscale phenomena

Tools for grand challenge science: midscale instrumentation; accelerator and detector research (exclude capital equipment supports)

Single-Investigator & Small-Group Research

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Cross-cutting15%

Energy Efficiency

10%

Energy Storage16%

Grand Science Challenges and Tools

28%

31%Energy Sources

Ultrafast Science Chemical Imaging Mid-scale Instrumentation Complex Systems and Emergent

Behavior

Catalysis for Energy Materials under Extreme

Environments

Solid-state Lighting Clean and Efficient

Combustion Superconductivity

Electrical Energy Storage Hydrogen Research

Advanced Nuclear Energy Systems Solar Energy Utilization Geological Sequestration

of Carbon Dioxide

SISGR Solicitation Status 879 Whitepapers; ~ 88% from Universities; 11% DOE Labs; 1% Other Institutions

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FY 2009Continuing Resolution through 3/6/09

Jan 08 April 08 Oct 08 Jan 09 Apr 09July 08

FY2008

July 09

2/2008

BES discussed

SISGR Plan at BESAC

4/2008

BES issued SISGR web

notice

by 10/2008

BESReceived ~

880 whitepapers

3/2009

BES to notify PIs of

whitepaper decisions(tentative)

4/2009

Full proposals

due to BES(tentative)

6/2009

BES to issue SISGR awards

(tentative)

Timeline of the SISGR

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SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source“First Light”

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1994: National Academies Report http://books.nap.edu/books/NI000099/html/index.html

1997: BESAC (Birgeneau) Report http://www.sc.doe.gov/production/bes/BESAC/reports.html

1999: BESAC (Leone) Report http://www.sc.doe.gov/production/bes/BESAC/reports.html $1.5M/year, 4 years

2003: DOE Critical Decision 2A $30M in 2005 for Long Lead Procurements

2001: DOE Critical Decision 02002: LCLS Conceptual Design DOE Critical Decision 1 $36M for Project Engineering Design

Critical Decision 3A: Long-Lead Acquisitions

2006: Critical Decision 3B: Groundbreaking2009: First Light

2005: Critical Decision 2B: Define Project Baseline

1992: Proposal (Pellegrini), Study Group(Winick)

1996: Design Study Group (M. Cornacchia)

1998: LCLS Design Study Report SLAC-521

2000: LCLS- the First Experiments (Shenoy & Stohr) SLAC-R-611

2004: DOE 20-Year Facilities Roadmap

2010: Project Completion

25

Linac Coherent Light Source at Linac Coherent Light Source at SLACSLAC

Injector (35Injector (35ºº))at 2-km pointat 2-km point

Existing 1/3 Linac (1 km)Existing 1/3 Linac (1 km)(with modifications)(with modifications)

Far ExperimentFar ExperimentHall (underground)Hall (underground)

Near Experiment Hall Near Experiment Hall (underground)(underground)

New New ee Transfer Line (340 m) Transfer Line (340 m)

X-ray X-ray Transport Transport Line (200 m)Line (200 m)

Undulator (130 m)Undulator (130 m)

X-Ray Transport/Optics/Diagnostics

26

Atomic Physics (LCLS) Atomic Molecular and Optical Physics (LCLS)

8/2009

Plasma and Warm Dense Matter Matter in Extreme Conditions (MEC) (OFES? awaiting CD-0)

Nanoscale Dynamics Coherent scattering at thein Condensed matter (LUSI) nanoscale (XCS) (LUSI)

Structural Studies on Single Nano-particle and singleParticles and Biomolecules molecule (non-periodic)(LUSI) imaging (CXI) (LUSI)

Femtochemistry Pump/probe diffraction (LUSI) dynamics (XPP)

(LUSI)

Soft X-Ray Imaging & Spectroscopy (SXR )

(DESY + +MPI+CFEL+Stanford+LBNL)

Program developed by international team of scientists working with accelerator and laser physics communities

SLAC Report 611

First Experiments Six Instruments Concepts

27

Table 2; Linac Coherent Light Source Re-Baselined Funding Profile ($M)

FY02 FY03 FY04 FY051 FY06 FY072 FY08 FY09 FY10 Total TEC 0 5.93 7.46 49.67 84.69 101.16 51.35 36.50 15.24 352.00 OPC 1.50 0 2.00 4.00 3.50 13.00 15.50 17.00 11.50 68.00 TPC 1.50 5.93 9.46 53.67 88.19 114.16 66.85 53.50 26.74 420.00 1 FY2005 TEC funding includes $29,760,000 for long lead procurements. 2 FY07 TPC funding reflects the ~$8M reduction as a result of the FY2007 CR and directed change.

Construction>90% complete

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Program Web Links:

BES page: http://www.sc.doe.gov/bes/bes.html

BES Staff Contact: http://www.sc.doe.gov/bes/besstaff.html

Proposal Submission: http://www.sc.doe.gov/bes/grants.html

BES Workshop Reports: http://www.sc.doe.gov/bes/reports/list.html

EFRC: http://www.sc.doe.gov/bes/EFRC.html

SISGR: http://www.sc.doe.gov/bes/SISGR.html

Office of Basic Energy Sciences

29

Basic research for fundamental new understanding on materials or systems that may revolutionize or transform today’s energy technologies

Development of new tools, techniques, and facilities, including those for the scattering sciences and for advanced modeling and computation

Basic research, often with the goal of addressing showstoppers on real-world applications in the energy technologies

Research with the goal of meeting technical milestones, with emphasis on the development, performance, cost reduction, and durability of materials and components or on efficient processes

Proof of technology concepts

Scale-up research At-scale demonstration Cost reduction Prototyping Manufacturing R&D Deployment support

Technology Maturation & DeploymentApplied Research Grand Challenges Discovery and Use-Inspired Basic Research

How nature worksHow nature works Materials properties and chemical functionalities by design Materials properties and chemical functionalities by design Controlling materials

processes at the level of quantum behavior of electrons

Atom- and energy-efficient syntheses of new forms of matter with tailored properties

Emergent properties from complex correlations of atomic and electronic constituents

Man-made nanoscale objects with capabilities rivaling those of living things

Controlling matter very far away from equilibrium

BESAC & BES Basic Research Needs Workshops

BESAC Grand Challenges Panel DOE Technology Office/Industry Roadmaps

Basic and Applied R&D CoordinationHow Nature Works … to … Design and Control … to … Technologies for the 21st Century