Overview of Basic Energy SciencesOverview of Basic Energy Sciences

Harriet KungDirector, Office of Basic Energy Sciences

Office of Science, U.S. Department of Energy

CFN/NSLS Users MeetingCFN/NSLS Users MeetingBrookhaven National LaboratoryBrookhaven National Laboratory

May 19, 2009May 19, 2009

OFFICE OF

SCIENCE

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New Administration & DOE

BES Strategic Planning

BES Budget & Staffing Updates

Outline

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BES

EERE

NE

OE

EM

FE

RW

LM

Director of the Office of Science

William Brinkman (Nominee)

Kristina Johnson (Nominee)

Steven Koonin (Nominee)

Dep SectaryDaniel Poneman (Nominee)

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The Administration’s Energy & Environment Plan

Within 10 years save more oil than we currently import from the Middle East and Venezuela combined.

Put 1 million plug-in hybrid cars – cars that can get up to 150 miles per gallon – on the road by 2015.

Generate 10 percent of our electricity from renewable sources by 2012, and 25 percent by 2025.

Implement an economy-wide, cap-and-trade program to reduce greenhouse gas emissions 80% by 2050.

http://www.whitehouse.gov/agenda/energy_and_environment/

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DOE’s Priorities and Goals

Priority: Science and Discovery: Invest in science to achieve transformational discoveries– Organize and focus on breakthrough science – Develop and nurture science and engineering talent– Coordinate DOE work across the department, across the government, and globally

Priority: Change the landscape of energy demand and supply– Drive energy efficiency to decrease energy use in homes, industry and transportation– Develop and deploy clean, safe, low carbon energy supplies– Enhance DOE’s application areas through collaboration with its strengths in Science

Priority: Economic Prosperity: Create millions of green jobs and increase competitiveness– Reduce energy demand– Deploy cost-effective low-carbon clean energy technologies at scale– Promote the development of an efficient, “smart” electricity transmission and distribution network– Enable responsible domestic production of oil and natural gas– Create a green workforce

Priority: National Security and Legacy: Maintain nuclear deterrent and prevent proliferation– Strengthen non-proliferation and arms control activities– Ensure that the U.S. weapons stockpile remains safe, secure, and reliable without nuclear testing– Complete legacy environmental clean-up

Priority: Climate Change: Position U.S. to lead on climate change policy, technology, and science– Provide science and technology inputs needed for global climate negotiations– Develop and deploy technology solutions domestically and globally– Advance climate science to better understand the human impact on the global environment

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Focus on transformational science– Connect basic and applied sciences– Re-energize the national labs as centers of great science and innovation– Double the Office of Science budget– Embrace a degree of risk-taking in research– Create an effective mechanism to integrate national laboratory, university,

and industry activities

Develop science and engineering talent– Train the next generation of scientists and engineers– Attract and retain the most talented researchers

Collaborate universally– Partner globally– Support the developing world – Build research networks across departments, government, nation and the

globe

Priority: Science and DiscoveryInvest in science to achieve transformational discoveries

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Strategic Planning:Ten “Basic Research Needs …” Workshops

Basic Research Needs to Assure a Secure Energy Future (BESAC)

Hydrogen Economy Solar Energy Utilization Superconductivity Solid State Lighting Advanced Nuclear Energy Systems Clean and Efficient Combustion of 21st Century Transportation Fuels Geosciences: Facilitating 21st Century Energy Systems Electrical Energy Storage Catalysis for Energy Applications Materials under Extreme Environments

10 workshops; 5 years; more than 1,500 participants from academia, industry, and DOE labs

www.science.doe.gov/bes/reports/list.html

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Control the quantum behavior of electrons in materials

Synthesize, atom by atom, new forms of matter with tailored properties

Control emergent properties that arise from the complex correlations of atomic and electronic constituents

Synthesize man-made nanoscale objects with capabilities rivaling those of living things

Control matter very far away from equilibrium

Directing Matter and Energy: Five Challenges for Science and the Imagination

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Basic research for fundamental new understanding on materials or systems that may revolutionize or transform today’s energy technologies

Development of new tools, techniques, and facilities, including those for the scattering sciences and for advanced modeling and computation

Basic research, often with the goal of addressing showstoppers on real-world applications in the energy technologies

Research with the goal of meeting technical milestones, with emphasis on the development, performance, cost reduction, and durability of materials and components or on efficient processes

Proof of technology concepts

Scale-up research At-scale demonstration Cost reduction Prototyping Manufacturing R&D Deployment support

Technology Maturation & DeploymentApplied Research Grand Challenges Discovery and Use-Inspired Basic Research

How nature worksHow nature works Materials properties and chemical functionalities by design Materials properties and chemical functionalities by design Controlling materials

processes at the level of quantum behavior of electrons

Atom- and energy-efficient syntheses of new forms of matter with tailored properties

Emergent properties from complex correlations of atomic and electronic constituents

Man-made nanoscale objects with capabilities rivaling those of living things

Controlling matter very far away from equilibrium

BESAC & BES Basic Research Needs Workshops

BESAC Grand Challenges Panel DOE Technology Office/Industry Roadmaps

Basic and Applied R&D CoordinationHow Nature Works … to … Design and Control … to … Technologies for the 21st Century

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Goals from the final BESAC Report:Goals from the final BESAC Report: Make fuels from sunlight Generate electricity without carbon dioxide emissions Revolutionize energy efficiency and use

Recommendations:Recommendations: Work at the intersection of control science and complex functional

materials. Increase the rate of discoveries. Establish “dream teams” of talent, equipped with forefront tools, and

focused on the most pressing challenges to increase the rate of discovery.

Recruit the best talent through workforce development to inspire today’s students and young researchers to be the discoverers, inventors, and innovators of tomorrow’s energy solutions.

New Science for a Secure and Sustainable Energy Future

Source: LLNL 2008; data are based on DOE/EIA-0384(2006). Credit should be given to LLNL and DOE. 11

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Can Basic Science Help Break Historic Improvement Curves?Can Basic Science Help Break Historic Improvement Curves?

Climate/Environment ImpactsClimate/Environment Impacts

TransmissionTransmission& Distribution& Distribution

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BESAC Workshop on Solving Science and Energy Grand Challenges with Next Generation Photon Sources

“Photon Workshop” October 27- 28, 2008 Wolfgang Eberhardt (BESSY) and Franz Himpsel (U Wisconsin), Co-Chairs

Workshop Charge

This workshop will identify connections between major new research opportunities and the capabilities of the next generation of light sources (“photon attributes”, such as coherence and femtosecond time resolution). Particular emphasis will be on energy-related research. The presentations and discussion sessions will highlight how time-resolved excitation, functional imaging, diffraction, and spectroscopy by photons can help solving major problems and develop “killer applications” in basic energy research. A variety of opportunities have been outlined by ten BESAC and BES reports on basic research needs and by a report on five “Grand Challenges” in directing matter and energy (see: http://www.sc.doe.gov/bes/reports/list.html ).

Both accelerator-based light sources and novel laser based sources for the VUV to X-ray range will be considered. The Photon Workshop will identify the science drivers for new photon sources but will not consider the design of machines or devices for producing the required photons. A strong coupling of theory and experiment will be emphasized.

A matrix will be prepared to define the most compelling connections between research opportunities and photon attributes. For example, many science and energy grand challenges require probing very fast processes that happen over very small distances: femtoseconds over nanometers. Typically, an electron in a solid takes a femtosecond to travel a nanometer, and atoms have a vibrational period of about 100 femtoseconds. Lasers probe femtoseconds and synchrotrons resolve nanometers, but presently neither can do both.

The photon attributes to be considered by the workshop include coherence length (longitudinal and transverse), time structure, energy, energy resolution, spectral brightness (average and peak), flux, spatial and momentum resolution, and polarization.

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http://www.sc.doe.gov/bes/reports/files/NGPS_rpt.pdf

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FY 2008 Current Approp.

FY 2009 Current Approp.

FY 2009 Current

Recovery

FY 2010 Congressional

Request

FY 2010 vs. FY 2009

$ %

High Energy Physics 702,845 795,726 232,390 819,000 23,274 2.90

Nuclear Physics 423,671 512,080 154,800 552,000 39,920 7.80

Biological & Environmental Research 531,063 601,540 165,653 604,182 2,642 0.40

Basic Energy Sciences 1,252,756 1,571,972 555,406 1,685,500 113,528 7.20

Advanced Scientific Computing Research 341,774 368,820 157,110 409,000 40,180 10.90

Fusion Energy Sciences 294,933 402,550 91,023 421,000 18,450 4.60

Science Laboraties Infrastructure 66,861 145,380 198,114 133,600 -11,780 -8.10

Safeguards and Security 75,946 80,603 —— 83,000 2,397 3.00

Science Program Direction 177,779 186,695 1,600 213,722 27,027 14.50

Workforce Development for Teachers & Scientists 8,044 13,583 12,500 20,678 7,095 52.20

Congressionally Directed Projects 120,161 93,687 —— —— -93,687 -100.00

SBIR/STTR 140,238 —— 19,004 —— —— ——

Science (Subtotal) 4,136,071 4,772,636 1,587,600 4,941,682 169,046 3.50

FY 2008 – FY 2009 SC Budget Appropriations & FY 2010 Request

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Basic Energy Sciences The American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009

BES will invest $555.4 million of the ARRA funding for the following seven activities:

$150.0M to accelerate the civilian construction of the National Synchrotron Light Source II (NSLS-II) at Brookhaven National Laboratory;

$14.7M to complete the construction of the User Support Building (USB) at the Advanced Light Source (ALS) at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory;

$33.6M to complete the Linac Coherent Light Source (LCLS) Ultrafast Science Instruments (LUSI) MIE project at SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory;

$25.0M for capital equipment replenishment and augmentation at the five BES Nanoscale Science Research Centers (NSRCs);

$24.0M for four synchrotron radiation light sources capital equipments, AIP, other upgrades

$277.0M for Energy Frontier Research Centers (EFRCs).

$31.1M for Early Career Fellowships (TBD)

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Core research programs$100M for Energy Frontier Research Centers ~$55M for single investigator and small group awards for grand science and energy research (including one-time funding for mid-scale instrumentation and ultrafast science)

Facility-related research (detectors, optics, etc.) ~ $10M$17M for EPSCoR (vs. request of $8.24M)

Scientific user facilities operationsFull funding for: Synchrotron light sources Neutron scattering facilities Electron microcharacterization facilities Nanoscale Science Research Centers

Construction and instrumentationFull funding for: National Synchrotron Light Source-II Linac Coherent Light Source + Linac operations + instruments Advanced Light Source User Support Building Spallation Neutron Source instruments PULSE Building

FY 2009 BES Budget Omnibus Appropriations Act 2009

MSE Research

CSGB Research

Facilities Ops

Appropriation$ 1,572M34 5 35.3

MSE Research

CSGB Research

Facilities Ops

EFRC

MIE GPP SBIR

Construction

SUF Research

145.5

20.4

273.3

239.5

719

100

NeutronSources

LightSources

NSRC

OPC 27

339.4

101.2

251.4

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EFRCs will pursue collaborative basic research that addresses both energy challenges and science grand challenges in areas such as: Solar Energy Utilization Geosciences for Nuclear Waste and CO2 Storage Combustion

Bio-Fuels Advanced Nuclear Energy Systems Superconductivity Catalysis Materials Under Extreme Environments Solid State Lighting Energy Storage Hydrogen

• To engage the talents of the nation’s researchers for the broad energy sciences • To accelerate the scientific breakthroughs needed to create advanced energy

technologies for the 21st century• To pursue the fundamental understanding necessary to meet the global need

for abundant, clean, and economical energy

Energy Frontier Research CentersTackling Our Energy Challenges in a New Era of Science

2003-2007 Conducted BRNs workshopsAugust 2007 America COMPETES Act signedFeb. 2008 FY 2009 budget roll-out April 2008 EFRC FOA issued Oct. 2008 Received 261 full proposalsOct. 2008 FY 2009 Continuing Resolution startedFeb. 2009 Recovery Act of 2009 (Stimulus) signedMarch 2009 Omnibus Appropriations Act 2009 signedApril 2009 46 EFRC awards announced Aug. 2009 EFRC projects to start

FY 2009 EFRCs Funding Status:

Recovery Act Recovery Act (Stimulus Bill)(Stimulus Bill)

$277M$277M Omnibus Appropriations

$100M$100M

Total EFRCs = $777M over 5 years

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Energy Frontier Research Centers

46 centers awarded in FY 2009 for five years46 centers awarded in FY 2009 for five yearsRepresenting 110 participating institutions in 36 states plus D.C.Representing 110 participating institutions in 36 states plus D.C.

1212DOE LabsDOE Labs

3131UniversitiesUniversities

2211

Industry/NonprofitIndustry/Nonprofit

By Lead Institution

EnergyEnergySupplySupply

EnergyEnergyEfficiencyEfficiency

Energy StorageEnergy Storage

Crosscutting Crosscutting SciencesSciences

2020

1414

6666

By Topical Category

Invest in Cutting-edge Scientific Research to Achieve Transformational DiscoveriesInvest in Cutting-edge Scientific Research to Achieve Transformational Discoveries

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Single-Investigator and Small-Group Research (SISGR) will significantly enhance the core research programs in BES and pursue the fundamental understanding necessary to meet the global need for abundant, clean, and economical energy.

Awards are planned for three years, with funding in the range of $150-300 K/yr for single-investigator awards and $500-1500 K/yr for small-group awards

Areas of interest include: Grand challenge science: ultrafast science; chemical imaging, complex &

emergent behavior Use inspired discovery science: basic research for electrical energy storage;

advanced nuclear energy systems; solar energy utilization; hydrogen production, storage, and use; geological CO2 sequestration; other basic research areas identified in BESAC and BES workshop reports with an emphasis on nanoscale phenomena

Tools for grand challenge science: midscale instrumentation; accelerator and detector research (exclude capital equipment supports)

Awards to be announced in June 2009

Single-Investigator & Small-Group Research

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BES FY 2010 Budget Highlights

The FY 2010 BES Budget Request supports President Obama’s goals for a clean energy economy, investments in science and technology—including exploratory and high-risk research, and training the next generation of scientists and engineers.

Research:Research:Two Energy Innovation Hubs are initiated in FY 2010 in the topical areas of Fuels from Sunlight, and Batteries

and Energy Storage. Each hub will assemble a multidisciplinary team to address the basic science, technology, economic, and policy issues needed to achieve a secure and sustainable energy future.

Energy Frontier Research Centers (EFRCs) initiated in FY 2009 continue in FY 2010. EFRCs integrate the talents and expertise of leading scientists across multiple disciplines to conduct fundamental research to establish the scientific foundation for breakthrough energy technologies.

Core research—primarily supporting single principal investigator and small group projects—will be continued and expanded to initiate promising new activities that respond to the five grand challenges identified in the BESAC Grand Challenges report: quantum control of electrons in atoms, molecules, and materials; basic architecture of matter, directed assemblies, structure, and properties; emergence of collective phenomena; energy and information on the nanoscale; and matter far beyond equilibrium.

Facilities:Facilities:The Linac Coherent Light Source (LCLS) at SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, the world’s first hard x-ray

coherent light source, begins operations in FY 2010. The LCLS provides laser-like x-ray radiation that is 10 billion times more intense than any existing coherent x-ray light source and will open new realms of exploration in the chemical, material, and biological sciences.

The National Synchrotron Light Source II at Brookhaven National Laboratory will continue its construction phase, including the largest component of the project—the building that will house the accelerator ring.

Scientific User Facility Operations are fully funded in FY 2010. The BES user facilities are visited by more than 10,000 scientists and engineers from academia, national laboratories, and industry annually and provide unique capabilities to the scientific community that are critical to maintaining U.S. leadership in the physical sciences.

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Core research programs 2 Energy Innovation Hubs $100M for Energy Frontier Research

Centers Core research increases for grand

challenge science, accelerator & detector research

Scientific user facilities operations Synchrotron light sources Neutron scattering facilities Nanoscale Science Research Centers

Construction and instrumentation National Synchrotron Light Source-II Linac Coherent Light Source Spallation Neutron Source

instruments SNS Power Upgrade

FY 2010 BES Budget Request

MSE Research

CSGB Research

Facilities Ops

Request$ 1,685M

25 5.5 38.3

MSE Research

CSGB Research

EFRC

MIE GPP SBIR

Construction

SUF Research

154.2

24.7

277.4

249.7742.7

100

NeutronSources

LightSources

NSRC

OPC 13.5

362.2

106.8

260.2 Hub68

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Scattering and Instrumentation

Sciences

Helen KerchCheryl Howard, P.A.

X-ray ScatteringLane Wilson

Neutron ScatteringThiyaga P. Thiyagarajan

Electron and Scanning Probe Microscopies

Jane Zhu

DOE EPSCoR*Tim FitzsimmonsHelen Farrell, INL

* Experimental Program toStimulate Competitive Research

Condensed Matter and Materials Physics

Jim HorwitzMarsophia Agnant, P.A.

Exp. Cond. Mat. Phys.Andy Schwartz

Doug Finnemore, AmesVacant

Theo. Cond. Mat. Phys.Michael Lee

Arun Bansil, NEU Jim Davenport, BNL

Kim Ferris, PNNL

Physical Behavior of MaterialsRefik Kortan

Mechanical Behaviorand Radiation Effects

John Vetrano

Linda Horton, DirectorEhsan Khan, Program Manager Christie Ashton, Program Analyst

Charnice Waters, Secretary

Physical BiosciencesBob Stack

Photosynthetic SystemsGail McLean

Photo- and Bio-Chemistry

Rich GreeneSharron Watson, P.A.

Chemical Sciences, Geosciences, and Biosciences Division

Eric Rohlfing, DirectorDiane Marceau, Program Analyst

Michaelene Kyler-King, Program Assistant

Scientific User Facilities Division

Pedro Montano, DirectorLinda Cerrone, Program Support Specialist

Rocio Meneses, Program Assistant

Operations ConstructionMaterials Discovery,

Design, and Synthesis

Arvind KiniKerry Gorey, P.A.

Tech. Coordination Program Management

John VetranoVacant

Materials ChemistryDick Kelley

Jim McBreen, BNLVacant

Biomolecular MaterialsMike Markowitz

Synthesis and Processing Bonnie GerstenJeff Tsao, SNL

Mike Coltrin, SNL

Catalysis ScienceRaul MirandaPaul Maupin

Heavy Element Chemistry

Lester Morss Norm Edelstein, LBNL

Separations and Analysis

Bill MillmanLarry Rahn, SNL

GeosciencesNick Woodward

Pat Dobson, LBNL

Chemical Transformations

John MillerTeresa Crockett, P.A.

Solar PhotochemistryMark Spitler

Atomic, Molecular, and Optical Sciences

Jeff Krause

Computational and Theoretical Chemistry

Mark Pederson

Fundamental Interactions

Michael CasassaRobin Felder, P.A.

Spallation Neutron Source Upgrades

Tom Brown

NSLS II Tom Brown

TEAMVacant

Instrument MIEs (SING, LUSI, etc.)

Vacant

Advanced Light Source User Support Building

Tom Brown

X-ray and Neutron Scattering Facilities

Roger KlaffkyVacant

Nanoscience Centers &E-beam Centers

Tof CarimVacant

Accelerator and Detector R&D

Vacant

Facility Coordination, Metrics, Assessment

Van Nguyen

Linac CoherentLight SourceTom Brown

Harriet Kung, DirectorWanda Smith, Administrative Specialist

Office of Basic Energy SciencesOffice of Basic Energy Sciences

Technology Office CoordinationMarvin Singer

Vacant

Condensed-Phase and Interfacial Mol. Science

Greg Fiechtner

Gas-PhaseChemical Physics

Wade SiskLarry Rahn, SNL

BES Operations

Rich Burrow, DOE Technical Office CoordinationDon Freeburn, DOE and Stakeholder InteractionsKen Rivera, Laboratory Infrastructure / ES&HKatie Perine, Program Analyst / BESACVacant, Technology Office Coordination

BES Budget and Planning

Bob Astheimer, Technical AdvisorMargie Davis, Financial ManagementVacant, Program Support Specialist

April 2009Posted 01APR09

Detailee (from DOE laboratories)Detailee, ½ time

Detailee, ½ time, not at HQDetailee, ¼ time, not at HQOn detail from SC-2, ½ timeIPA (Interagency Personnel Act)

P.A. Program Assistant

L E G E N D

Materials Sciences and Engineering Division

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Linda Announcement

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CFN Receives 2008 Secretary’s Achievement Award in Project Management

Center for Functional Nanomaterials(Brookhaven National Laboratory)

The Center for Functional Nanomaterials is a state-of-the-art 94,500 gross square feet laboratory and office building designed to serve as the key focal point for nanoscience research in the Northeast. The objective of this project is to provide clean and stable laboratories with an initial suite of world-class instruments to focus on the study and fabrication of nanoscale materials. The Center is a user facility sponsored by the Office of Basic Energy Sciences. It facilitates major new directions in nanomaterials and greatly expands the capabilities available to a national user base including scientists from government, academia, and industry. In addition, it serves to train the next generation of scientists using the latest tools in the forefront of science.