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Contents 1 I Halal Food Analysis 44II Ensuring Food and Other Consumer Goods

Message 2!

to be Authentically HalalMinister of Domestic Trade, Cooperative ,and Consumer Affairs Malaysia I Halal Cosmeceuticals: The Vogue

I And The Vague 50Message 4 I Are Halal and Toyyibah Aspects of CosmeticThe Chief Executive Officer - !Products Being Overlooked?TM Info-Media Son Bhd

IHalal Issues In Pharmaceutical

Foreword by Rector 8 Products 56International Islamic University Malaysia Urgent Need to Have Modem and EfficientAbout IIUM Halallndustry Research Centre !Production of Pharmaceuticals and

I Biopharmaceuticals

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Chief Executive Officer NasatUddin bin Mohd zanHead of Bussiness Strategy & Marketing Jimmy YangHead of Sales &ic Chew

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Joint Editorial TeamAssoc. Prof. Dr: Hamzah Mohd. Sa/leh

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Halal Audit: An Overview 26Ensuring Compliance to Processes TowardProducing Halal Products

"Veggie Gelatin", Why Not? 36Extensive Research to Explore the Potentialof Malaysian Plants

Halal Meats And FrozenFoods: 18The Halal Abattoir, Packaging, Storage AndHandling

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WIlhouI prefOOce to the generality of the frxegoing, the advertisement of "halal"prOOL£t, food and services in this Halal Pages~ made byTMIM based 00the Suppliers representalioo 00 the validity of their Halal certifICates as at thedate of publication of the said advertisements aoo TMIM shall not be liable anddisclaim any ability whatsoever from any daims arising out of ex due to anyexpiration, termination al1d suspensk>n of the said Halal certif~te including,without limitation, any matters relating to the validity of such Halal certificatetllat may occur thereafter."

88Commenda Partnership(Mudarabah) - An OverviewJustice and Fairness in UndertakingBusiness Rewards and Risks

Synthetic Bone As A Solution ForHalal Bone Grafts Implantation64Demand For Bone Graff Has Been IncreasingSteadily

10

Muslim-friendly Facilities In TheHospitality Industry 70

I Offering Facilities in Accordance WithIReligious Tenets

I The Dire N.eed For A Portal On, Halal Matters 76I AOne-Stop Source of Information On theI Concept of Halal?

I31 I Istihalah (Transformation Of

i Things) & Halal Industry 82I Not Based Upon What It Was, But BasedI Upon What It Is

I

An Overview Of The Brunei HalalI Industry 90

38 A 263-hectare Agro Technology Park tofacilitate local and foreign halal businesses

32

Advertisers' Index

The Importance Of Halal InIslamic Law And Muslim Life 12Fundamental Principles and Cardinal ValuesPertaining to Human Welfare

Halal Food Seminar 09

Halal Processed Food AndBeveragesSome Concerns on Food Additives andIngredients

General Guidelines For HalalFood PreparationUnified Standard of Halal Certification isImportant to Globalize Halal Products

Fauziah Mohd Noor - mnfauziah@;;um.edu.my

One of the obligations upon a Muslimis that he earns and consumes whatis pure and halal. References from theHoly Our'an and hadith (sayings) ofProphet Muhammad (peace be uponhim), clearly indicates in definite termthat consuming halal is an order fromAllah (God) and is an essential part ofthe Islamic faith.

Islamic law consists of five main legal rulings(hukm) namely obligatory (wajib), prohibited (haram),recommended (mandub), reprehensible (makruh) andpermissible (mubah). Indeed, the legal rulings whichgoverned Muslims' lives were intended to achievethe objectives of Shari'ah (maqasid as-Shari'ah). Theobjectives of the Islamic law consists of the protectionof religion, protection of life, protection ofmind, protection of lineage and protection

".of property. Thus, the Maqasid as-Shari'ah has been an important tool forformulating the fundamental principlescardinal values pertaininghuman welfare.

We can say that Islamic law or the legalrules are regulated to ensure the basicnecessities of the population are in placeand the sanctity of life is safeguardedthrough the general concept that peopleshould be protected against harm andevil. In fact, all objectives of the Islamiclaws evolve around man's interest in thisworld and in the hereafter. In this article,we will concentrate on the principle ofhalal and its importance in Muslims'lives.

(Sahih Bukhari)

(Ouran, Surah al-Baqarah:2 verse 172)

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• - •• <

(Sunan Baihaqi)

-.d

(Quran, Surah al-Baqarah:2 verse 168)

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Halal is an Arabic term which means lawful and theopposite to halal is haram, which means unlawful orforbidden. Halal is defined as an act, object or conductover which the individual has the freedom of choice andits exercise does not carry either a reward or punishment.While haram means all that which the Lawgiver (Allah) hasprohibited in definitive terms, and its perpetrator is liableto a punishment in this world or the Hereafter."

The rulings of halal and haram should be done by referringto the primary authentic sources of Islamic law: theQur'an and al-Sunnah (traditions of Prophet Muhammad).Secondary sources such as ijma' (the consensus ofMuslim jurists) and qiyas (analogical reasoning) are alsoimportant in Islamic law.

This divine texts and hadiths are clear attestation toIslam's disapproval of consuming something which isunlawful (haram).

"Halal is clear and the Haram is clear. Between the two arethere are doubtful matters conceming which people donot know. One who avoids them in order to safeguard hisreligion and his honour are safe, while if someone indulgesin it, He may be indulging in the unlawful... "

"A body nourished with haram will not enter Jannah(paradise)"

"0 ye who believe, Eat of the good things wherewith wehave provided you, and render thanks to Allah, if it is Hewhom ye worship. "

"0 mankind, eat from whatever is on earth (that is) lawfuland pure."

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The rule of halal has enabled Muslimjurists to formulate certain legal maximsuch as: "Pemrissibiiity is the basic nomrin all things unless there is evidence toestablish a prohibition."

As matter of fact, the principle ofpermissibility (mubah) covers a wideseepe such as foodstuff, animalson land and in the sea, commercialtransactions and contract.

It should be noted that the principle ofhalal and haram is not only confinedto food and beverages. In fact, theissue of haial and haram covers a widerscope including food and drinks, nonfood sector such as cosmetics andmedicines, transactions, spcrts andieisure, and others.

In reference to food, Our'anic guidancedictates that all food are halal (lawful andpermissible) except those specificallymentioned as haram (unlawful orprohibited). For example, it is stated inthe Our'an:

"Forbidden unto you (forfood) are: carrion and bloodand swine flesh, and thatwhich hath been invoked thename other than Allah, andthe strangled, and the deadthrough beating, and the deadthrough falling from a height,and that which hath gored todeath, and the devoured ofwild beast, saving that ye makelawful (by slaughter) and thatwhich has been immolatedto idols and that ye swear bythe diving arrows. This is anabomination.. . "

(Qur'an, Surah al-Maidah:5 verse 3)

The above Our'anic reference makesit crystal clear that meat is the moststrictly regulated of the food groups.It is also required that the halai

animals be slaughtered with the nameat Allah at the time of slaughter. Apartfrom slaughtering methods, it is alsoimportant to ensure that the animalsfor the Islamic slaughter are raisedand procured from farms which do notfeed them anything that might containanimal derivatives and other unlawfulsubstance.

Consumption of wine and otherintoxicants is clearly prohibited in theOuran:

"0 you who believe, intoxicantsand gambling, and idolsand diVining arrows arean abomination of Satan'shandiwork. Leave it aside inorder that you may succeed. "

(Quran, Surah al-Maidah:5 verse 9)

Khamr (intoxicant) is haram not only forone who consumes it but also for themanufacturer, the traders as well as theprofit earned in this business.

Every legal ruling in Islam has its ownpurpose and wisdom. Some of thewisdom is explained in the Our'anand sunnah of the Prophet and someis left to be defined by the people ofknowledge. To help humankind discoverand use some of the secrets of theLawgiver, science and researchcan and should be used butboth science and reasonsalone should not bethe sale and

absolute arbitrator to accept or rejectinjunctions from the Lawgiver. Attemptshave been made to explain or justifysome of the prohibitions based onscientific reasoning.

For example, carrion anddead animals are unfitfor human consumptionbecause the decayingprocess leads to theformation of chemicals,which are harmful tohuman being. Similarlyblood that is drainedfrom the body containsharmful bacteria andtoxins. Swine is provena vector for pathogenicworms to enter thehuman body andinfections by Trchinellaspiralis and Taenia soliumare not uncommon.Furthermore, thecompositions of pork fathave been mentioned asincompatible with humanfat and biochemicalsystems.

Wine and other intoxicants areconsidered harmful to the mind andthe nervous system which could affect

the human judgement leading tosocial and family problems. In thisregard, it can be stated that therules governing food consumptionin Islamic law is clearly to bring a

maximum protection to humanbeings.

However, it should be noted that in caseof dire necessity (darurah), such as incase of extreme hunger or extreme thirstIslamic law permits the consumption ofthe prohibited food and drinks.

"But if any is forced byhunger, with no inclination totransgression, Allah (God) isIndeed Off-forgiVing, MostMerciful."

(Quran, Surah al-Maidah:5 verse 3)

This exceptional rule is supported by theIslamic legal maxim:

"Necessities will legitimize theprohibrtion."

In addition, this rule is also applicablein case of other dire necessity such asfor medical purpose which is to save

life. For example, the using of non-halalvaccine for meningitis (inflammation ofthe membrane covering the brain andspinal cord) which is imported fromwestern countries producing it frompig extracts. This issue actually is achallenge to Muslim scientists to makea research to produce the halal vaccinefor medical purposes. Therefore, thehalal industry should be buoyed withthe introduction of biotechnology whichis very important in meat production,pharmaceuticals, cosmetics and evennutraceuticals.

With regard to transactions, Islam doesnot treat contract as merely privateagreement between the two or morecontracting parties. As a matter offact, Islamic law does not allow anyagreement which deems harmful andunfair to public interest. This can beseen from the prohibition of riba (usuryor interest based system) in transactionsand contracts in Islam. One such ruleis that usurious transactions which

are all gains from trades orloans, whether from the

loan of money or goodsor property of any

kind are haram(prohibited) .

In addrtion,Islamic lawprohibitsMuslims frommaking acontract inwhich thesubject matteris an unlawful

items. The majority of Muslim jurists arein agreement that the subject matterof a contract should be legal, pure andclean. It means that a Muslim cannottransact in wine, blood, corpse, manure,pork and the like which are consideredimpure by Islamic law. However, Hanafijurists allowed a contract of impurethings such as pig's hair and animal'sleather unless there is a clear prohibitionas in the case of wine, pork, carrion andblood.

It is very clear that Islam emphasizes theummah (nation) to consume and/or dealin halal (permissible) and toyyibah (good!wholesome) products and services. Dueto this matter, the development andenlarged scope of the Halal industry isindeed pivotal to be researched. Theinnovation of products and servceswould provide for the growfh andprosperity of the industry itself. Theaspiration of Islamic law is not only toensure that the food is halal but is alsosafe to be consumed.

The relevant competent authorities (forexample the Halal Industry DevelopmentCorporation or State Islamic ReligiousDepartment in Malaysia) are obligedto ensure that there shall be no defectand fraud in relation to manufacturing,contents, packaging, labels, instruction,security of supply and marketing.More regular monitoring and betterenforcement efforts must be in placeto ensure that the halal certificate andthe usage of a halal logo granted tomanufacturers and/or food premisescomply with the guidelines for using thehalal certificate and the halal logo.

17 HALAL PAGES