hawaii: earthquakes, structure, and volcanism sarah shapiro
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![Page 1: Hawaii: Earthquakes, Structure, and Volcanism Sarah Shapiro](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062409/56649d485503460f94a239fc/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Hawaii: Earthquakes, Structure, and Volcanism
Sarah Shapiro
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Background: Plate Tectonics
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Hot Spots of the World
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Hot Spot Track
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Pacific Hot Spot Tracks
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Hawaii: What a load…
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Lithospheric Flexure
Watts and Zhong, 2000
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Seismicity of Hawaii (1990-2001)
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Volcanic Earthquakes
USGS: Volcanic earthquakes
“Tornillos”
Swarms(new fractures are forming)
Volcanic Tremor – low freq. vibrations (due to moving magma)
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Magma Plumbing from Microearthquakes
Ryan et al., 1981
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Surface Geology
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So why am I talking about all of this?
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My Research: GPR
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Equipment
We used a Sensors and Software Pulse Ekko 100, which was equipped with 50, 100, and 200 MHz antennae
Targets included: beach sands nearshore lava flows well-developed soil covers lava tubes major fault zones
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GPR Basics: Acquisition
GPR surveys on the Big Island of Hawaii, in conjunction with SES Semester in Hawaii program
Reflection Mode
Common Mid Point
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GPR Basics: Penetration
Increasing Penetration
Increasing Conductivity
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Why does this matter?
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The Hilana Fault Issue
Cannon and Burgmann, 2001
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Models of Hilina Fault Geometry
Cannon et al., 2001
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Morgan et al, 2000
Models of Hilina Fault Geometry
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Tsunami Potential
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GPS Measured Motion
Courtesy J. Kauahekaua
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Pali Uli
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Groundwater
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3D Lava Stratigraphy
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Lava Tubes
Known lava tubes
GPR surveys above known
lava tubes
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Sampling lava flows
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I cant complain!
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In conclusion....