hazard identification

HAZARD IDENTIFICATION

Accident Triangles

29

29

300

Frank Bird1970

10 near misses leads to 1 LTI

Major Injuries

Minor Injuries

Near Misses

Heinrich

1930

Serious

Minor

Property

Near Miss

10 Near Misses For Every Incident?

Reactive :

Every dog is allowed one bite ???

Proactive :

HIRARC

HIRADC

HEMP

An Accident Waiting To Happen

Implementing OSH MS

Use of the HIRARC form

Hazard Identification techniques

Risk Assessment

Risk Controls

RISK MANAGEMENT

• RISK MANAGEMENT considers PEOPLE SAFETY, PROCESS SAFETY and LOSS MANAGEMENT

• PEOPLE SAFETY takes care of people; it is analysed using HIRARC and JHA/JSA

• PROCESS SAFETY takes care of plant and process; it is analysed using techniques such as HAZOP, FMEA, SWIFT, FTA, ETA, PHEA.

• LOSS MANAGEMENT is DAMAGE CONTROL, the last resort being use of insurance.

RISK MANAGEMENT

Various risk management methodologies typically address three of the four basic questions :

1. What can go wrong? (Hazard Identification)

2. How bad can it be? (Risk Assessment), and

3. What should be done about it? (Risk Control)

The fourth question ("What are the causes?") is often, typically, not addressed.

If the causes are considered, it can lead to more comprehensive controls.

Need for Root Cause Analysis.

HIRARC & JHA are for PEOPLE SAFETY

Hazard, Target, Consequence


What does NOT constitute a hazard.

Tripping and falling is not a hazard per se. It is the consequence. Cables lying

on the floor is. When we say cables are tripping hazards, it means the cables

can cause tripping.

A lion is not a hazard in this room. Similarly, a fire I also not a hazard in this

room, since there is no fire.

Getting injured is not a hazard. Falling from height is also not a hazard. Bothare consequences.

Not having railings is not the hazard. Neither is not wearing a safety harness.

The hazard is working at height. The railings and harness are controls


Basically a HIRARC or a JSA is NOT a tool for hazard identification, but hazards are identified in the process.

Hazard Identification is part of HIRARC. When you do the hazard identification in HIRARC, you have to use at least one, or a combination of the techniques mentioned above, and not a special technique dedicated to HIRARC.

In JSA, most of the time you will be using the observation and interview techniques, or any combination of techniques mentioned above, and not a special technique dedicated to JSA.

HAZARDS AND TARGETS

A RISK emerges when a TARGET is introduced or exposed to a HAZARD! No Target, No Risk!

The Level of RISK depends on

1) The LIKELIHOOD of the HAZARD(S) to cause a CONSEQUENCE, and

2) the SEVERITY of the CONSEQUENCE.

Therefore, RISK can be measured in terms of the PROBABILITY or LIKELIHOOD of OCCURRENCE of the CONSEQUENCE, and the SEVERITY of the CONSEQUENCES

When you say : the likelihood is 4, the consequence

is 3, the risk is 12, what does it mean?

HAZARD, CONSEQUENCE, LIKELIHOOD, &

RISK

WORKING AT HEIGHT

FALLING FROM HEIGHT

CATEGORIES OF HAZARD

The obvious hazard : apparent to the human senses, e.g. unguarded

machinery, building defect

The concealed hazard : not apparent to the human senses, e.g. electricity, non-

smelling toxic vapours, pressure

The developing hazard : cannot be recognized immediately, will develop

over time, e.g. worn tyre, frayed steel cables

The transient hazard : intermittent hazard, e.g. overloading, sticking safety

valve

THE OBVIOUS HAZARD

Sharp edges : Knives, Scalpel Working at height, openings

Pinch points :

CONCEALED HAZARD ELECTRICITY

Faulty Electrical Appliances

Faulty Three-Pin Plugs

Illegal Extensions

THE WATER HEATER

HUSBAND AND WIFE ...

AND A WATER HEATER

MANUAL HANDLING

Factories & Machinery Act 11067

Section 12 – “No one shall be employed to lift, carry or move any load that could cause bodily injury.”

Is this transient?

THANK YOU

hazard identification

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