health as expanding conscious

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Ms.Cynthia Thomas

120508001


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Oct 10,1933

Bachelors degree

Masters degree Ph.D


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Director of Nursing of the Clinical research

center at the University of Tennessee in Memphis

1971 to 1976- completed her

graduate studies at

New York University. She also worked and taughtwith nursing theorist Martha Rogers.

1977-

Professor in charge of graduate study innursing at Pennsylvania State.

1984- Nurse theorist at the University ofMinnesota.

1996- Retired from teaching.


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Received

Outstanding Alumnus Award from theUniversity of Tennessee College of Nursing in both1975 and 2002

1976 Newman was admitted into the

American

Academy of Nurses 1979 American Journal of Nursing scholar

Newman participated as a member of the nursetheorist task force (1978-1982) with the North

American Nursing Diagnosis Association (NANDA) 1984 Received the

Distinguished Alumnus Awardfrom the Division of Nursing at New York University


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1988 Admitted into the hall of fame at the

University Of Mississippi School Of Nursing

1996 Received the

E. Louis Grant Award for

Nursing Excellence from the University of

Minnesota

Published

three books, and

several journal

articles

Theory Development in Nursing (July 1, 1979)


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Health As Expanding Consciousness (1986 and

1994)

Served on several editorial review panels Currently a member of the advisory board of

Advances in Nursing Science


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Ilya Prigogine-Theory of Dissipative Structures

Newman incorporated Prigogines theory as anexplanation for the timing of nursing presence as the

patient fluctuates from one level of organization to ahigher level

Emergence of new order at higher level of organization

Period of disorganization, unpredictability and

uncertainty Normal Predictable Fluctuation


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Normal Predictable

Fluctuation

Period of disorganization,

unpredictability and

uncertainty

Emergence of new order

at higher level of

organization

Time when partnership with

an HEC nurse can be of

great benefit

Figure 1. Pri gogines Theory of D issipative Structur es applied to HEC nursing.


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Arthur Young-Stages of Human Evolution

Discussion of the importance of insight,

pattern recognition, and choice provided theimpetus for the integration of Newmans basic

concepts of movement, space, time, and

consciousness into a dynamic portrayal of

health and life.


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Figure 2. Parallel between Newmans Theory of Expanding Consciousness and

Youngs Stages of Human Evolution.


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Itzhak Bentov-Life as a Process of Expanding

Consciousness.

Consciousness as evolving and being coextensivewith the universe supports Newmans theory of

Health is the process of expanding

consciousness.Newman used Bentovs conceptualization of time

as an index of consciousness to demonstrate

expanding consciousness across life span.


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Richard Moss-Presentation of love as the

highest level of consciousness

Affirming of Newmans views of the nature ofhealth and nursing.


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To see health as the pattern of the whole, one needs tosee disease not as a separate entity but as amanifestation of the evolving pattern of person-environment interaction. The paradigm shift is:

From treatment of symptoms to a search for pattern.

From viewing disease and disruption as negative toviewing them as part of the self-organizing process ofexpanding consciousness.

From viewing the nursing role as addressing theproblems of disease to assisting people to get in touchwith their own pattern of expanding consciousness


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Nursing

the goal of nursing is not to make people well

or to prevent their getting sick, but to assistpeople to utilize the power that is within them

as they evolve toward higher levels of

consciousness


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Nurse Patient

F igure 3. I nteraction pattern of two personsA holographic model of intervention


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client, Patient, person, individual and

human being are used interchagedly.


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Larger whole which contains the consciousness

of the individual.

Newman recognizes that interaction between

person and environment as a key process that

creates unique configuration at each level


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Health

Health is the pattern of the whole, and ...wholeness cannot be gained or lost, in a way that

becoming ill does not diminish wholeness butwholeness takes on a new form. (Newman,1999)

Health is the major concept of Newmans theoryof expanding consciousness.

Health is considered as a fusion of disease andnon-disease creates health


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Health Health is the pattern of whole of a person and

includes disease s a meaningful manifestation

of the pattern of the whole, based on the factthat life is an ongoing process of expanding

manifestation (Newman,1986)


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It is the information that depicts the whole andthe understanding of the meaning of all therelationships at once.

Identifies the wholeness of the personunfolds in time and cannot be predicted

dynamic (in constant movement)

identified across space and time

Pattern is what identifies the person as aparticular person


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Health assessment framework based on 9 patterns ofperson environment interactions that guide a nurse in

making holistic observations consist of followingdimensions:

choosing,

communicating,

exchanging, feeling,

knowing,

moving

perceiving relating

valuing


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Movement-space-time

-Dimensions of merging patterns of

consciousness.

-Represent the person as a center of

consciousness.


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A reflection of consciousness.An individual conveys his or her awareness of

self through the movement involved in

language, posture, and body movement.The rhythm and pattern which are reflected in

movement are an indication of internalorganization of the person and his perception

of the world.

Provides a means of communication beyondthat which language can convey.


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The unbounded three-dimensional expanse inwhich all matter exists

The region that lies beyond the atmosphere, and

all that it containsDistance or interval

Holographic sense: Each moment has an explicateorder and also enfolds all others, meaning thateach moment of our lives contains all others of alltime.


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A measurement of consciousness

perceived duration or subjective time.


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Time and Space

Inextricably linked to each other and has a

complementary relationship. When ones life

space is decreased, as by either physical or

social immobility, ones time is increased.


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These pathological conditions can be considered a

manifestation of the total pattern of the individual.

The pattern of the individual that eventually

manifests itself as pathology is primary and exists

prior to structural or functional changes

Removal of the pathology in itself will not change

the pattern of the individual.

If becoming ill is the only way an individuals

pattern can manifest itself, then that is health for

that person.

Health is the expansion of consciousness.


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Clarity

Semantic clarity is evident in the definitions, descriptions, anddimensions of the concepts of the theory.

Simplicity

The deeper meaning of the theory of health as expendingconsciousness is complex.

The theory as a whole must be understood, nut just theisolated concepts. If an individual wanted to use a positivist

approach, As Newman have advocated in the 1994 edition of her book,

Health as Expanding Consciousness requires a high level ofunderstanding the theory in praxis research.


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Generality

The concepts in Newmans theory are broad in

scope because they all relate to health.

The theory has been applied in several

different cultures and is applicable across the

spectrum of nursing care situations.


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Empirical Precision

In the early stages of development, aspects of

the theory were operationalized and tested

within a traditional scientific method.

However, quantitative methods are

inadequate in capturing the dynamic,

changing nature of this theory.


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Derivable Consequences

The focus of Newmans theory provides an

evolving guide for all health-related disciplines.

To understand the phenomenon health, this

unique view of health challenges nurses to make

a difference in nursing practice by the application

of this theory.


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1. Tomey, A. M. & Alligood., M. R., (2006). Nursing Theorists and Their


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o ey, & good , , ( 006) u s g eo s s a d e

Work. 6th edition. Mosby Inc.

2. George, Julia B. (1995) Nursing Theories - the base for professional

nursing practice. Norwalk, Connecticut. Appleton & Lange

3. Weingourt, Rita(1998) Using Margaret A. Newman's theory of health

with elderly nursing home residents. Perspectives in PsychiatricCare.

http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_qa3804/is_199807/ai_n8795466

4. http://books.google.com.ph/books?id=pe4wvuhT01UC&dq=margaret

+newman+nursing&printsec=frontcover&source=in&hl=en&ei=sbxNS

r2vDobq7APCm9yBBA&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=12

5. Picard, C and Jones, Dorothy (2004). Giving Voice to What We

Know: Margaret Newmans Theory of Health as Expanding

Consciousness in Nursing Practice, Research, and Education, Jones

and Bartlett Publishing.

6. http/www.healthasexpandingconsciousness.org/Downloads/HECPre

sentation.pdf

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2. www.scrbd.com/doc/10899031/nursing-Theory

3. http://library.utmem.edu/exhibits/newman/

4. http://escholarship.bc.edu/dissertations/AAI3008589

5. http://wps.prenhall.com/chet_george_nurstheory_5/0,2535,88787,00.htm

6. http://www.healthasexpandingconsciousness.org/home/

7. http://www.enursescribe.com/nurse_theorists.htm

8. Jones, D. A. (2006). Newmans health as expanding consciousness *Electronic version+. NursingScience Quarterly, 19(4), 330-332.

9. Moch, S. D. (1998). Health within illness: concept development through research and practice[Electronic version]. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 28(2), 305-310.

10. Neill, J. (2002). Transcendence and transformation in the life patterns of women living withrheumatoid arthritis [Electronic version]. Advances in Nursing Science, 24(4), 27-47.

11. Newman, M. A. (2010). Overview. In Health as expanding consciousness. Retrieved March 22,2010, fromhttp://healthasexpandingconsciousness.org/home/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=5&Itemid=6

12. Newman, M. A. (2003). A world of no boundaries [Electronic version]. Advances in NursingScience, 26(4), 240-245.

13. Newman. M. A. (2002). The pattern that connects [Electronic version]. Advances in NursingScience, 24(3), 1-7.

14. Pharris, M. D. (2005). Margaret A. Newmans theory of health as expanding consciousness andits applications. In M. E. Parker (Ed.), Nursing theories and nursing practice (2nd ed.). (pp. 217-

233). Philadelphia: F. A. Davis.15. Pharris, M. D. (2002). Coming to know ourselves as a community through a nursing

partnership with adolescents convicted of murder [Electronic version]. Advances in NursingScience, 24(3), 21-42.

16. Pharris, M. D. and Endo, E. (2007). Flying free: the evolving nature of nursing practice guidedby the theory of health as expanding consciousness [Electronic version].Nursing ScienceQuarterly, 20(2), 136-140.

17. Yamashita, M. (1999). Newmans theory of health applied in family caregiving in Canada

[Electronic version] Nursing Science Quarterly 12(73) 73 79

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