health care agencies and their roles

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HEALTH CARE AGENCIES

& THEIR ROLES

WHO

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Objectives of WHO

Main Objective:

“the attainment by all peoples of the

highest level of health”which is set out in

the preamble of the constitution.


Objectives in the Preamble of

WHO: Complete state of physical,mental and social

well being

No discrimination in path of attainment of highest standard of health.

Good Health is for attainment of peace and security.

Good health is valued to all

Equal development in promotion and control of disease in all the countries

Extension to all people of the benefits of medical, psychological and related knowledge.

Informed opinion and active co-operation


Membership in WHO

Open to all countries.

Most of the members of both the UN and the WHO.

Territories which are not responsible for the conduct of their relations may be admitted as Associate members.Associate members participate without vote in deliberations of the WHO.

Each member contributes yearly to the budget and each is entitled to the services and aid the organization can provide.


WORK OF WHO

Prevention and control of specific

diseases

Development of Comprehensive

services

Family health Bio-Medical Research

Health Statistics

Environmental Health

Health literature and information

Co-operation with other

organisation


STRUCTURE


The World Healh Assembly

Supreme governing body and the health parliament

Of nations.

• Annual meeting-May,Venue-Geneva

• It is composed of Delegates from different respective

countries and each is given the power of one vote.


Functions

International health policy and programmes

Review the work of the past year.

Approve the budget of the following year.

Approve the budget needed for the

following year.

Elect Member states to designate a person

to serve for three years on the executive

board and to replace the retiring members


The Executive Board

It has18 members which had been incremented to 31 members by the health assembly.

Members to be technically qualified in the field of health

Designated by their respective governments, but do not represent their respective governments.

One third of the membership is renewed every year is renewed every year.


The Executive Board

Executive board meets every year in the

month of January and May after the

meeting of the World Health Assembly.

The main work of the board is to give

affect to the decisions and policies of the

assembly

Emeregent and immediate action in

epidemics,earthquakes


The Secretriat

Headed by the Director General

Function:

To provide member states with technical

and managerial support for their national

development programmes.

There are 5 Assistant Director Generals

who are assigned different tasks by the

Director General.


Divisions of Director Secretriat

Division of epidemiological surveillance and health situation and trend adjustment.

Division of communicable diseases.

Division of vector biology and control

Division of environmental health

Division of public information and education for health division of public information for health



Division of mental health

Division of diagnostic,therapeutic and

rehabilitative technology.

Division of strenghthening of health

services.

Division of family health

Division of non-communicable diseases



Division of health-manpower

development

Division of information systems support

Division of personnel and general

services

Division of budget and finance


WHO REGIONAL CENTRES

SOUTH-EAST ASIA-New Delhi(India)

Africa-Harare(Zimbab

we)

Americas-Washington D.C(U.S.A)

Europe-Copenhagen(Denma

r)

Western Pacific Manila(Philippin

es)


Regional offices

The regional offices each are headed by a regional Director, assisted by technical and administrative officers, and members of the secretariat.

There is a regional composed of representative of member states in the region

Regional committees meet once in a year.

Regional plans are amalgamated into overall plans by the Director General of the WHO.


The South-East Asia

Region(SEARO)-WHO

Bangladesh

Bhutan

India

Indonesia

Korea(Democratic people’s Republiv)

Maldives Islands

Myanmar

Nepal

Sri Lanka

Thailand


WHO activities of SEARO

Malaria eradication

Tuberculosis control

Control of other communicable diseases

Health laboratory services and other

communicable diseases

Health statistics

Maternal and child health


WHO activities in SEARO

Nursing

Health education

Nutrition

Mental health

Dental health

Medical rehabilitation

Quality control of drugs and medical

education


UNICEF


UNICEF

Specialised agency of the United Nations.

Established in 1946 to rehabilitate children in war ravaged countries

Headquarters-New York

Works in collaboration with FAO,UNDP,WHO and UNESCO

Provides asisstance in varied fields of MCH and envt.sanitation.


The Executive Board-UNICEF

It is the Governing Body of the UNICEF

Intergovernmental support

Supervision activities of UNICEF

Board meets 3 times a year i.e in

January,June and September.


Role of the Executive Board

Implementation of the Policies

Receive information and guidance from Executive Director

Ensure all the activities and operational strategies of UNICEF are consistent

Monitor the performance of UNICEF

Approve programmes

Decide on administrative and financial plans and budgets


Role of the Executive Board

Recommend new initiatives to the

Council

Encourage and examine new

programme initiatives

Submit annual reports to the Council in

its substantive session


MEMBERSHIP

The Board has 36 members, elected for a three-year term with the following regional allocation of seats:

8 African States

7 Asian States

4 Eastern European States

5 Latin American and Caribbean States

12 Western European

Other States (including Japan)


BOARD ADMINISTRATION

The officers of the Board are elected by the Board at its first regular session of each calendar year from among Board members.

There are five officers—the President,four Vice-Presidents—representing the five regional groups at the United Nations. Officers of the Board are elected for a one-year term.

The Board year runs from 1 January to 31 December.

The Economic and Social Council elects States to sit on the UNICEF Executive Board from States Members of the United Nations or of the specialized agencies or of the International Atomic Energy Agency.


BOARD ADMINISTRATION

Board sessions are held at United Nations Headquarters in New York.

All formal meetings of the Board are interpreted in the six official languages of the United Nations (Arabic, Chinese, English, French, Spanish and Russian).

The Office of the Secretary of the Executive Board (OSEB) is responsible for maintaining effective relationship between the Board and the UNICEF secretariat.


FUNDING

Funding is derived voluntarily from

governmental and non-governmental

organisations.


Services provided by UNICEF

Child health

Child nutrition

Family health and child welfare

Education(Formal and non-formal)


UNDP


UNDP Established in the year 1966

To help poorer nations develop their

human and natural resources more fully.

The UNDP projects cover virtually every

economic and social sector-

agriculture,industry,education and

science,health,social welfare.


UNDP’S activities:

UNDP's network links and coordinates global

and national efforts to reach these Goals.

Their focus is helping countries build and

share solutions to the challenges of:

Democratic Governance

Poverty Reduction

Crisis Prevention and Recovery

Environment and Energy

HIV/AIDS


http://www.undp.org/governance/

http://www.undp.org/poverty/

http://www.undp.org/cpr/

http://www.undp.org/energyandenvironment/

http://www.undp.org/hiv/

FAO

The food and agriculture

organization(FAO) was formed in the

year 1945 with headquarters in Rome

It was United Nations organization

specialized agency created to look after

several areas of world co-operation.


AIMS OF FAO

The chief aims of FAO are as follows;

1)to help nations raise living standards.

2)to improve the nutritional status of people of

all countries.

3)to increase the efficiency of farming, forestry

and fisheries.

4)to better the condition of rural people and

better the opportunity of productive work


Activities of FAO

1)Putting information within reach

2)Sharing policy expertise

3)Providing a meeting place

4)Bringing knowledge to the field


ILO

The Internationaal labor Organisation was

established in the year 1919.

The purposes of ILO are as follows:

1) To contribute to the establishment of

lasting peace by promoting social justice.

2) To improve through international action

,labor conditions, and living standards.

3) To improve economic and social stability


ILO

The international labour code is a

collection of international minimum

standards related to health,welfare,living

and working conditions of workers all

over the world.

Headquarters at Geneva,Switzerland.


USAID


USAID

USAID

The US government extends aid to India

through three agencies:

1)United agency for International

development

2)the public law 480 programme

3)the US import bank.


ACTIVITIES OF USAID

The US government is assisting in a number of projects designed to improve the health of Indian people.

1)Malaria eradication

2)Medical education

3)Nursing education

4)Health education

5)Water supply and sanitation

6)Control of communicable diseases

7)Nutrition

8)Family planning


NON-GOVERNMENTAL

AGENCIES


ROCKFELLER FOUNDATION

Rockfeller foundation is a philanthropic

organization chartered in 1913 and

endowed by Mr.John .D Rockfeller.


Activities

Training of competent teachers and research workers

Training abroad of candidates from India through fellowships and travel grants.

Sponsoring of visits of a large number of medical specialists from the USA.

Providing grants in aid to selected institutions.

Development of medical libraries,population studies, assistance to research projects and institutions, (eg.National institute of virology at Pune).

Directing support to the improvement of agriculture, family planning and rural training centres as well as to medical education.


The Ford Foundation

The Ford foundation has been active in the development of rural

health services and family planning.

The ford foundation has helped in the following projects:

1)Orientation training centres at Singoor,Poonamallaietc

2)Research cum action projects.

3)Pilot project in rural

healthservices,Gandhigram(tamilnadu)


Activities

4)Establishment of NIHAE

5)Calcutta water supply and drainage

Scheme

6)Ford foundation Supports Family

planning for research in reproductive

biology.


International Red Cross

The red cross is a non-political and non-

official international humanitarian

organization

The first Geneva convention took place

in 1864 and a treaty was signed for the

relief of the wounded and sick of the

armies in the field.Thus came into being

the International committee of red

cross(ICRC).


Roles

Role of Red cross:

1)It was largely confined to the victims of

the war.

2)mainly it tries to involve itself into

activities like first aid in case of war like

situations,mch services

3)lately it has tried to extend it’s research

in Disaster management and has

designed emergency protocols.


CARE

The abbreviation when extended is “Co-operative for assistance and relief everywhere” last founded in North America in the wake of the second world war in the year 1945.

It is on of the world’s largest independent,non-profit,non-sectarian international relief and development organistaion.CARE provides enmergencyaid and long term development assistance.

Operation in India in 1950


Activities

CARE-India focused it’s food support in the ICDS programme and in developments of programmes in areas of health and income supplementation.

It is helping in the following projects:Integrated nutrition and health projects, better health and nutrition projects,anemia control project,improving women’s health projects,improved health care for adoloscent’s girls projects, child survival projects, Improving women’s reproductive health and family spacing project,Konkanintegrated development project.

CARE-India works in partnership with the government of india, state Government, NGO’s etc.Currently it has projects in Andhrapradesh,Bihar,MP,Maharashtra,Orissaand UP and West-Bengal.


Indian Red Cross Society

Indian Red Cross Society Indian Red cross society was Constituted under an Act of Indian Legislative council in 1920


Organisation

The National Headquarters of the

Society is located at 1 Red Cross Road,

New Delhi.

Recognised by the International

Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC) on

28th February 1929, it was affiliated with

the International Federation of the Red

Cross & Red Crescent Societies


Structure

National level-the management of affairs of the Society rests with the Managing Body comprising of members elected by the Branch Committee, and members, including a Chairman, nominated by the President of the Society.

The Managing Body elects a Vice Chairman from among themselves and appoints with the approval of the President of the Society a Treasurer and a Secretary General.

The Secretary General is the Chief Executive.


Activities

Relief work during floods, famine, earthquake, epidemic etc.

Training health visitors, nurses, dais and public health education

Cooperation with the St. John Ambulance Association in the training of men and women in First Aid, Home Nursing etc.

Running a Home at Bangalore for disabled Ex-servicemen


Activities

Welfare services in military hospitals

Medical after-care of ex-service

personnel

Maternity & Child Welfare

Junior Red Cross

Voluntary Blood Donation


Current Trends

The Millenium Development Goals 2008:

The eight Millennium Development Goals

have been adopted by the international

community as a framework for the

development activities of over 190 countries

in ten regions which was implemented by the

United Nations.


The 8 MDG’s

Goal 1: Eradicate poverty and Hunger

Target: Halve,between 1990 and2015,the

proportion of whose income is less than

1$ per day.


The MDG’s

Goal 2:Achieve universal primary

education.

Target: Ensure that, by 2015, children

everywhere, boysand girls alike, will be

able to complete a full course of primary

schooling.


The MDG’s

Goal 3:Promote gender equality and

Empower women

Target:Eliminate gender disparity in

primary and secondary education,

preferably by 2005, and in all levels of

education no later than 2015.


The MDG’s

Goal 4: Reduce child mortality

Target: Reduce by 2/3rds between 1990 and

2015, the under five mortality rate.


The MDG’s

Goal 5:Improve maternal health

Target: Reduce by three quarters 1990

and 2015, the maternal mortality ratio.


The MDG’s

Goal 6:Combat HIV,Malaria and other

diseases.

Target: Have halted by 2015 and begun to

reverse the spread of HIV/AIDS


The MDG’s

Goal 7: Ensure environmental stability

Target: Integrate the principles of

sustainable development into country

policies and programmes and reverse the

loss of environmental resources.


The MDG’s

Goal 8: Develop a global partnership for

development

Target: Develop further an open, rule-

based, predictable,non-discriminatory

trading and financial system.


Bibliography

Park.K. Textbook of preventive and social medicine..19th ed. Jabalpur:BanarasidasBhanot Publishers;2007. p.762-68.

www.who.org\WHO The role of WHO in public health.htm

www.UNAID\About UNAIDS.htm

www.Rockfeller\The Rockefeller Foundation - About Us.htm

www.UNICEF\UNICEF - UNICEF Executive Board - About the Executive Board.html


http://www.unaid/About UNAIDS.htm



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health care agencies and their roles

Health & Medicine