health education (2)
TRANSCRIPT
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HEALTH EDUCATION
Charity Leene San Juan Gaspar, RN, MAN
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What Is Health Education?health education attempts to close the
gap between what is known about
optimum health practice and that whichis actually practiced. (Griffiths, 1972)
any combination of learningexperiences designed to facilitatevoluntary adaptations of behaviorconducive to health. (Green, 1980)
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Purpose of Health Education To change individual behavior
To change behavior of enoughindividuals that overall statistics willchange.
To achieve change through a variety of
techniques motivate individuals to change
force individuals to change
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Health EducationHealth education is the process
by which individuals and groupof people learn to :
Promote
Maintain
Restore health
Education for health beginswith people as they are, withwhatever interests they may
have in improving their livingconditions.
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Where Did Health Education Come
From? Three main settings:
Communities
Schools
Patient care sites
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Changes in Health Education Changes in the prevalent health issues at
individual, community, and national level
have driven different perspective of how wedo health education.
Leading causes of morbidity (acute to chronic)
Leading causes of mortality (lifestyle issues)
This has led to a shift from the 1970s &1980s emphasis on health as an individuallevel issue to our current recognition of the
broader social influences on health
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Bottom Line[H]ealth education is concerned not
only with the individuals and their
families, but also with the institutionsand social conditions that impede orfacilitate individuals toward achieving
optimum health. (Griffiths, 1972)
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Health education or Health Promotion?
Health education is defined as:
Any combination of learning experiences designed to facilitatevoluntary adaptation of behavior conducive to health.
This definition imply:- All possible channels of influence on health are appropriately combined and
designed to support adaptation of behavior.
- The wordvoluntaryis significant for ethical reasons.
(Nurse educators should not force people to do what they dont wantto do )
i.e. All efforts should be done to help people make decisions and have theirown choices.
- The worddesignedrefers to planned, integral, intended activities rather
than casual, incident, trivial experiences.
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Health education or Health Promotion? With rising criticism that traditional H.E. was too
narrow, focused on individuals lifestyle and couldbecome victim blaming, more work was done about
wider issues eg. social policy, environmental safetymeasures
( EMERGENCE of HEALTH PROMOTION )
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Health Promotion:
Is any combination of educational, organizational, economic andenvironmental support for behaviors and conditions of livingconducive to health .
Health Promotion is a widely used term to encompass variousactivities eg. :
Behavior & lifestyle,
Preventive health services,
Health protection directed at environment,
Health related public policy, Economic & regulatory measures.
(Health Education is the primary and dominant measure in Health
Promotion ).
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Health Promotion United States:the science and art of helping
people change their lifestyle toward a state ofoptimum health. (ODonnell, 1989).
Canada:the process of enabling people toincrease control over, and to improve, theirhealth.reducing inequities, extending.prevention,and helping people to cope with theircircumstances.creating environments conducive tohealth, in which people are better able to take careof themselves. (Epp, 1986)
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AIMS OF HEALTH EDUCATION:1. To develop a sense of responsibility for health
conditions, as individuals, as members of families &communities.
(Promotion ,prevention of disease & early diagnosisand management ).
2. To promote and wisely use the available healthservices.
3. To be part of all education, and to continuethroughout whole span of life.
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Process of health education: Dissemination of scientific
knowledge
(about how to promote andmaintain health),
leads to changes in KAPrelated to such changes.
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Steps for adopting new ideas & practices :
AWARENESS (Know about new ideas)
INTEREST (Seeks more details ) EVALUATION(Advantages versus disadvant.+ testing usefulness )
TRIAL (Decision put into practice)
ADOPTION (person feels newidea is goodand adopts it)
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CONTENTS OF HEALTH EDUCATION: Nutrition
Health habits
Personal hygiene
Safety rules
Basic (K) of disease & preventivemeasures
Mental health
Proper use of health services Sex education
Special education for groups( fdhandlers, occupations, mothers, schoolhealth etc. )
Principles of healthy life style e.g.slee exercise
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Principles of health education:
Interest
Participation
Motivation
Comprehension
Proceeding from the known to theunknown
Reinforcement through repetition
Good human relations People, facts and media:
knowledgeable, attractive , acceptable .
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Principles of health education:
Learning by doing:
If I hear, I forget
If I see, I remember
If I do, I know.
Motivation,
i.e. awakening the desire to know and learn:
- Primary motives, e.g. inborn desires , hunger, sex.- Secondary motives,
i.e. desires created by incentives such as praise, love, recognition,competition.
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Communication in health education:
Education is primarily a matter of communication, thecomponents of which are:
CHANNELS AUDIENCE MESSAGE COMMUNICATOR
- Individual - Conform with - Educator- Media - Group objectives.
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- 2 way - Public - understandable - needs+ interest
of audience
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- 1 way - Public - Acceptable - ? Content of
message
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Evaluation of health education programs:
There should be continuousevaluation.
Evaluation should not beleft to the end but should
be done from time to timefor purpose of makingmodifications to achievebetter results.
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EVALUATION CYCLE:
Describe problem Describe program State goals Determine needed
information
Modify program Establish basis for
proof of effectiveness
Analyze &compare Organize data Develop& test Determine data
results base instruments collecting method
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Health Behavior
The actions of individuals, groups, andorganizations as well as the
determinants, correlates, andconsequences of these actions. Social change
Policy development and implementation
Improved coping skills
Enhanced quality of life
Etc.
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Where Does Health EducationHappen?
Everywhere!
Schools
Communities
Worksites
Health Care Sites Homes
Consumer Marketplace
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Who Receives Health Education?
Potentially, everyone and anyone.
To be effective, though, health
education efforts must be tailoredcorrectly for the recipients (targetaudience), their health status, and their
beliefs, attitudes, skills, and pastbehaviors.
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Target Audience Analysis
In a very real sense, much of what wewill be doing this semester is designed
to help us understand the audience ofour health education programming.
Youll be doing the hard-coreprogramming side of it HST 4250, butwhat you do in that class is built onwhat you learn in this class.
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Key Factors to Remember
SES
Ethnicity
Life Cycle Stage
Health Status (disease status)
Risk status Power Gap
Accessibility of Services
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The Challenge
Understanding and improving health isthe central challenge of public policy
today. But.in order to create sound policy
(the most efficient way to effect sometypes of health behavior and healthstatus change), sound, accurateinformation about health behaviorchange is needed.
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