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Health Questionnaire


APPENDIX A


General Information

I would first like to confirm some details and then ask some questions about your education and employment.

1.

Can I confirm your full name?

First name:

Surname:

Title :

Nb: these should be available

2.

Sex

Male

Female

This should be completed by the interviewer

3.

What is your date of birth?

(dd/mm/yy)

4.

Can I check that your address is:

(include postcode)

This will be available

5.

How would you describe your current employment status?

(a) School "Going to school or college full-time (including on vacation)",

(b) Job "In paid employment (or away temporarily)"

(c) Government Scheme "On a Government scheme for employment training",

(d) UnPaid "Doing unpaid work for a business that you own, or that a relative owns",

(e) Wait "Waiting to take up paid work already obtained",

(f) Look "Looking for paid work or a Government training scheme",

(g) TempSick "Intending to look for work but prevented by temporary sickness or injury (CHECK 28 DAYS OR LESS)",

(h) PermSick "Permanently unable to work because of long-term sickness or disability (USE ONLY FOR MEN AGED 16-64 OR WOMEN AGED 16-59)",

(i) Retire "Retired from paid work",

(j) FamLook "Looking after the home or family",

(k) Other "Doing something else (SPECIFY)")

(l) Self employed

6.

At what age did you finish your continuous full time education?

(a) 14 or under

(b) 15

(c) 16

(d) 17

(e) 18

(f) 19 or over

(g) Still in education

PART A: GENERAL HEALTH

I would now like to ask you some general questions about your health.

1.

In general, would you say your health is…

a) Excellent

b) Very good

c) Good

d) Fair

e) Poor

( 2

The following questions are about your physical health and your daily activities.

2.

During the past 4 weeks, have you accomplished less than you would like as a result of your physical health?

(a) Yes

(b) No

( 3

3.

During the past 4 weeks were you limited in the kind of work or other regular daily activities you do as a result of your physical health?

(a) Yes

(b) No

( 4

4.

(a)

( 5a

5.

(a) Are there any days when your health makes it difficult to climb several flights of stairs?

(a) Yes

(b) No

( 5b

( 6a

(b) Would you say this is true

(a) Always

(b) Mostly

(c) From time to time

( 6a

The following questions are about medicines you may be taking.

6.

(a) On table 1 on the orange checklists did you note down any prescribed medications that you are currently taking?

(a) Yes

(b) No

( 6b

( 7

(b) Please tell me the name of the first medication.

Name

Start date: YEAR

( 6c

(c) What year did you start taking this medication?

( 7a

Complete for as many medications as necessary

7.

(a) Did you note down any medications that you have previously taken in Table 2 on the orange page?

(a) Yes

(b) No

( 7b

( 8a

(b) Can you give me the names of these medicines?

(a) ..

(b) ..

( 8a

8.

(a) Have you noted down in table 3 on the orange page whether you have ever suffered a reaction to a…

(a) Prescription drug

(b) Anaesthetic

(c) Both

(d) None

( 8b

( 9b

( 8b &9a

( 10

(b) What was the name of the prescription drug(s)?

Name: ________________

( 8c

(c) When did you experience this reaction

(yy)

( 8c

(d)

( 9a

9.

(a)

( 9b

(b) When did you suffer this adverse reaction to the anaesthetic?

(yy)

( 10a

10.

The following questions are about your smoking and drinking habits

(a) Do you smoke

(a) Yes

(b) No

( 10d

( 10b

(b) Have you ever smoked?

(a) Yes

(b) No

( 10c

( 11a

(c) What year did you stop smoking?

________

( 11a

(d) How many cigarettes or roll ups do you smoke each day

______ per day

( 11a

(e) Do you smoke a pipe or cigar more than once a week?

(a) Yes

(b) No

( 11a

11.

(a) Have you ever drunk alcohol

(a) Yes

(b) No

( 11b

( Next section

(b) Do you feel that your alcohol tolerance has changed over time?

(a) Yes

(b) No

( 11c

( 11k

(c) What year did you first notice this change in your alcohol tolerance?

yy

( 11e

(d)

(a)

(e) How many pints of beer/lager per week did you drink before your tolerance changed?

(a) never

(b) occasionally

(c) <3 pints p/week

(d) 3-6 pints p/week

(e) 6.1 –10 pints per week

(f) >10 pints

( 11f

(f) And now?

(a) never

(b) occasionally

(c) <3 pints p/week



(f) >10 pints

( 11g

(g) How many glasses of wine per week did you drink before your tolerance changed?

(a) never

(b) occasionally

(c) <3 glasses p/wk

(d) 3-6 glasses p/wk

(e) 6.1 –10 glasses p/ wk

(f) >10 glasses

( 11h

(h) And now?

(a) never

(b) occasionally

(c) <3 glasses p/wk



(f) >10 glasses

( 11I

(i) How many units of spirits per week did you drink before your tolerance changed?

(a) never

(b) occasionally

(c) <3 units p/week

(d) 3-6 units p/ week

(e) 6.1 –10 units p/ week

(f) >10 units

( 11j

(j) And now?

(a) never

(b) occasionally

(c) <3 units p/week

(d) 3-6 units p/ week

(e) 6.1 –10 units p/ week

(f) >10 units

( Next section

(k) How many pints of beer/lager per week do you drink?

(a) never

(b) occasionally

(c) <3 pints p/week



(f) >10 pints

( 11l

(l) How many glasses of wine per week do you drink?

(a) never

(b) occasionally

(c) <3 glasses p/wk



(f) >10 glasses

( 11m

(m) How many units of spirits per week do you drink?

(g) never

(h) occasionally

(i) <3 units p/week

(j) 3-6 units p/ week

(k) 6.1 –10 units p/ week

(l) >10 units

( Next section

PART B MEDICAL HISTORY

The next set of questions ask about your past medical history.

(a) Please refer to Box 1 in Section B on the blue checklist and tell me the names and numbers of the conditions you have suffered from.

Follow up questions:

(b) What year did you first start to suffer from *****?

(c) Did a GP or hospital doctor diagnose this?

(d) Do you still suffer from ****?

BOX 1

Do you still suffer from…

Yes

No

Date

e

GP or hospital doctor

Yes

No

1.

Cancer (specify)____________

2.

Diabetes (Type: __________)

n/a

n/a

3.

High blood pressure/hypertension

4.

Angina

5.

Heart attack (including myocardial infarction and coronary thrombosis)

n/a

n/a

6.

Heart murmur

7.

Abnormal heart rhythm (heart arrhythmia)

8.

Thyroid problems

9.

Parkinsons

n/a

n/a

10.

Multiple Sclerosis

n/a

n/a

11.

Schizophrenia

12.

Dementia

n/a

n/a

13.

Epilepsy

14.

Depression

15.

Osteoporosis

N/a

N/a

16.

Arthritis (specify rheumatoid/osteoarthritis)

BOX 2

PART B MEDICAL HISTORY

The next set of questions ask about your past medical history.

(a) Please refer to Box 2 in Section B on the blue checklist and tell me the names and numbers of the conditions you have suffered from.

Follow up questions

(b) What year did you first start to suffer from *****?

(c) Did a GP or hospital doctor diagnose this?

(d) Do you still suffer from ****?

BOX 2

Did a GP or hospital doctor (consultant) diagnose this? What was the date of diagnosis?

Do you still suffer from…

Yes

No

Yes/

Date

GP or hospital doctor

Yes

No

1.

Asthma

2.

Eczema

3.

Chronic Fatigue Syndrome or ME

4.

Fibromyalgia

5.

Restless leg syndrome

6.

Migraine headaches

7.

Persistent headaches

8.

Irritable bowel syndrome

9.

Excessively high arches of the feet

n/a

n/a

10.

Head injury with loss of consciousness

n/a

n/a

11.

Meningitis

n/a

n/a

12.

Tuberculosis

n/a

n/a

13.

Brucellosis

n/a

n/a

14.

Hepatitis

15.

Shingles

N/a

N/a

16.

Any surgical history? Specify

n/a

n/a

17.

Any other conditions? Specify: ____________

PART C: SYMPTOM CHECKLIST

BOX 3

“Please refer to Box 3 on your blue checklist and tell me which of the symptoms you have suffered from”

Yes

Year

If yes …

Go to follow up questions below

Muscle weakness in your…

1.

Hands,

A

2.

Upper arms or shoulders

A

3.

Toes or feet

A

4.

Legs or hips

A

Numbness, burning or tingling in your ….

5.

Hands.

B

6.

Feet

B

7.

Elsewhere:

C

Pains in your..

8.

Hands

E

9.

Feet

E

10.

Muscle twitches?

F

11.

Wasting of muscles?

G

A

Follow up questions: MUSCLE WEAKNESS

1.

What year did this muscle weakness first start in your ***?

2.

Has the strength in your (***) improved since (***) (Date reported above)

3.

And has the strength in your (***) improved since (***)?

(repeat for all of the muscle weakness areas)

(For those questions in 3 with a yes answer, go to the following)

4.

Do you now have full strength in your (***)?

5.

And do you now have full strength in your (***) ?

(repeat for all of the muscle weakness areas)

B

Follow up questions: NUMBNESS/Burning or tingling

6.

What year did this numbness, burning or tingling first start in your ***?

7.

Has the numbness, burning or tingling in your (***) decreased since (***) date reported above?

And has numbness, burning or tingling in your (***) decreased sine (****)?


8.

Do you now have no tingling, burning or tingling in your (****)?

9.

And do you now have no tingling, burning or tingling in your (****)?

C

Follow up questions: OTHER NUMBNESS, BURNING, TINGLING, PAINS

10.

When did you first start to suffer numbness, burning , tingling or pains elsewhere

11.

Where did you experience other numbness, burning or tingling?

12.

Has the amount of numbness, burning or tingling reduced since (***)

13.

Are you now free of these symptoms?

E

Follow up questions: PAINS

14.

When did the pains in your (***) first start?

15.

Has the pain in your (****) reduced since (***) date reported above?

16.

And has the pain in your (****) reduced since (***)?


17.

Are you now free of pain in your (****)?

Are you free of pain in your (****)?

F

Follow up questions: TWITCHES

18.

When did the twitches first start?

19.

Has the muscle twitching reduced since (****) date reported above?

If the answer to Q19 was yes, go to 18.

20.

Are you now free of muscle twitches?

G

Follow up questions: MUSCLE WASTAGE

21.

When did the muscle wastage first start?

22.

Where is the muscle wastage?

BOX 4

“Please refer to Box 4 on your blue checklist and tell me which of the symptoms you have suffered from continuously or repeatedly”

For the first symptom:

You said that you had suffered from ***. In what year did you start to suffer from this? (Ans=date 1)

Do you still suffer from this?

For the second symptom

Did the ***** also start in (date1)? If no, change date (date2)


For the third symptoms:



Symptoms

Year

Do you still suffer from…? (Y/N)

Yes

1.

Fatigue, lasting 24 h after exertion

2.

Fatigue

3.

Difficulty in falling or staying asleep

4.

Nightmares/vivid dreams

5.

Night sweating

6.

Feeling anxious

7.

Feeling depressed/low

8.

Feeling that your personality has changed

9.

Irritability/outbursts of anger

10.

Episodes of feeling disorientated

11.

Impulsive suicidal thoughts

12.

Difficulty remembering or concentrating

13.

Trouble finding words

14.

Vertigo

15.

Dizziness

16.

Gastric conditions

17.

Diarrhoea

18.

Constipation

19.

Incontinence

20.

Muscle cramps

21.

Problems with sight

BOX 5

“Please refer to Box 5 on your green checklist and tell me which of the symptoms you have suffered from continuously or repeatedly and the year that they started”

For the first symptom:

You said that you had suffered from ***. In what year did you start to suffer from this? (Ans=date 1)


For the second symptom



For the third symptoms:



Symptoms

Yes

YEAR

Do you still suffer from…?

1.

Chest pain

2.

Shortness of breath at rest

3.

Wheezing

4.

Hay fever or allergies

5.

Itchy skin or rashes

6.

Feeling feverish

7.

Sinus congestion

8.

Sore throat

9.

Dry mouth

10.

Dental problems

11.

Coming down with infections more easily

12.

Joint stiffness or pain

13.

Trembling or shaking

14.

Loss of interest in sex

15.

Problems with hearing

16.

Difficulty with writing

17.

Unintended weight loss or gain greater than a stone (14 lbs or 6.5kg)

PART D

1.

The next question is about sensitivity and chemicals. Are you ever sensitive to everyday chemical exposures?

(a) Yes

(b) No

(2

(next section

2.

Would you say this happens…

(a) Rarely

(b) Occasionally

(c) Most days or

(d) Every day

(next section

PART E

(a)

Have you ever had any immediate health effects following an exposure to organophosphates

(a) Yes

(b) No

(b

(F1

(b)

Did you suffer these health effects after(a) Sheep dipping

(b) Other pesticide exposure or

(c) Both

(1

Look at the list in Box 6 on the green sheet and tell me the names and numbers of the symptoms you suffered immediately after being in contact with OPs.

Yes

No

1.

Headache

2.

Runny nose

3.

Watery eyes

4.

Chest tightness

5.

Blurred vision

6.

Weakness

7.

Apathy

8.

Dry cough

9.

Cough with phlegm or sputum

10.

Sore throat

11.

Temperature/high fever

12.

Aching muscles

13.

Muscle cramp

14.

Tiredness

15.

Nausea

16.

Vomiting

17.

Difficulty in passing urine

18.

Loss of appetite

19.

Other (specify:__________________)

If no symptoms are yes, go to Q1 in the next section

20.

In what year did you first suffer from these symptoms?

yy

(21

21.

How long after the exposure did these symptoms set in on average?

(a) Same day

(b) Day after

(c) 2-4 days after

(d) 5-7 days after

(e) >1 week after

(22

22.

How long, on average, did it take you to recover?

(a) Less than a day

(b) One to 2 days

(c) 3-6 days

(d) 7-13 days

(e) 14 days or more

(23a

23.

How many times have you suffered from these symptoms following an acute exposure to OPs?

(a) 1

(b) 2-5

(c) 6-10

(d) 10-50

(e) 50+

(f) many

(g) can’t remember.

F2

PART F: CLINICAL MANAGEMENT AND REPORTING

I would now like to focus on treatment for ill health, which you consider was caused by organophosphates.

Screening Questions

If respondent has not answered the questions in section E because they did not report an acute exposure to OPs sheep: go straight to Q1, if not got to Q2.

F1

Have you ever had an episode of illness or long-standing health problem, which you believe, was due to organophosphates?

(a) Yes

(b) No

(2

(G

If respondents have answered questions in section E,

F2

As well as these immediate effects after the exposure, have you had any protracted or long standing illness which you believed was due to OPs

(a) Yes

(b) No

(2

(4

2.

Please could you please give me up to 3 of the most significant diagnoses or symptoms of this illness?

(a) .

(b) .

(c) .

(3

3.

What year did these symptoms start?yy

(4

4.

What exposure do you hold responsible for your symptoms or illness?

(DO NOT READ OUT LIST, CODE ANSWER)

(a) Sheep dipping

(b) Handled dipped sheep (including shearing)

(c) Handled fleeces

(d) Handling cattle

(e) Applying insecticides to crops

(f) Handling/treating grain

(g) Orchard work

(h) Solvents

(i) Aerial spray

(j) Wood treatment

(k) Pet treatment

(l) Other.(specify: )

(6

5.

What have you done to avoid that cause?

(a) Changed types of chemicals used

(b) Changed job

(c) Retired through ill health

(d) Moved house

(e) Other: specify

(7

(b and c should be filtered through 6 first)

6.

In what year did you have to change your job/retire through ill health?

yy

(7

7.

Did you visit your GP for treatment for those short or long term effects you believe were due to OPs?

(a) Yes

(b) No

( 8

8.

Did you seek medical treatment from somewhere else, such as an Accident and Emergency Department at a hospital?

(a) Yes

(b) No

( 9

9.

(a) Have you ever been admitted to hospital as a result of work with organophosphate compounds?

(a) Yes

(b) No

(9b

(10

(b) When were you first admitted

yy

(10a

10.

Did anyone treating you contact the National Poisons Information Service (NPIS)?

(a) Yes

(b) No

(c) Don’t know

( 11a

11.

(a) Were you referred for medical treatment elsewhere? (for example to A&E or a hospital consultant)

(a) Yes

(b) No

( 11b

( 13

(b) Where were you referred?

(a) National Poisons Unit Clinic

(b) A&E

(c) Hospital Consultant (specify type)

(d) Hospital inpatient

(e) Other

( 12

( 13

( 13

( 13

( 13

12.

(a) When did you attend an NPIS clinic?

(mm)

( 12b

(b) Which centre did you visit?

(a) London

(b) Birmingham

(c) Leeds

(d) Glasgow

(e) Belfast

(f) Edinburgh

(g) Other (specify: ___)

( 12c

(c) What was the diagnosis?

( 13a

13.

(a) Have you reported organophosphates to the….

(a) VMD

(b) HSE

(c) PSD

If it has been reported to any agency, follow up with the 13b and 13c

(b) What year did you report it?

(yy)

( 13c

(c) Have you received a report from the (***)?

(a) Yes

(b) No

(14a

14.

Thinking back now, how satisfied are you, overall, with the medical care you have received? Would you say you are…

(a) Very satisfied

(b) Somewhat satisfied

(c) Somewhat dissatisfied

(d) Very dissatisfied

( next section

PART G: HEALTH OF OTHER FAMILY MEMBERS

1.

(a) This final part of the health section of the interview asks about the health of your children. Do you have any children or children aged under 18 for which you are their legal guardian living with you?

(a) Yes

(b) No

( 3

( Next section

2.

(b) Please could you tell me their names and ages

(a)

3

[Interviewer; please ask about the symptoms and then immediately follow up each question with the following:

· “ which child is affected”

· “.. how old was (name) when they were first affected?”

· “..how old is (name) now”

· “…is (name) still suffering from ****** now?]

Do any of your children have problems with….

No

Yes

Who

Age

Still suffering?

(

(

Onset

Now

Yes

No

3.

their balance?

4.

their memory or concentration?

5.

their vision or hearing?

Do any of your children suffer from...

6.

depression or anxiety?

7.

muscle weakness?

8.

seizures or epilepsy?

9.

migraine headaches?

10.

persistent headaches?

11.

burning sensations in arms or legs?

12.

Skin problems

13.

Verbal difficulties

14.

Has a hospital doctor or GP ever diagnosed them as suffering from:

(Please specify GP or hospital doctor)

15.

…Multiple sclerosis

16.

…Fibromyalgia

17.

…Meningitis

18.

…Chronic Fatigue Syndrome or ME

19.

…Depression

20.

Are there any other health conditions that your children aged under 18 suffer from that you would like to tell us about?

APPENDIX B

EXPOSURE QUESTIONNAIRE

A. BACKGROUND INFORMATION

The following questions are about your exposures and where you live.

1.

(a) Do you currently live on a farm?

(a) Yes

(b) No

( 2

( 1b

(b) Did you live next to a farm?

(a) Yes

(b) No

( 2

( 2

2.

(a) Have you ever been exposed to agricultural chemicals spraying or drifting across your property?

(a) Yes

(b) No

( 2b

( 3

(b) What year did this first happen?

yy

( 2c

(c) How many times did this happen?

( 3

3.

Have you ever received official warning that inhalation of harmful fumes, droplets or dust could occur during application of OPs?

(a) Yes

(b) No

( 4

4.

When, if ever, were you advised to wear breathing protection while using OPs, or handling animals or products after application?

Year

Never

( B

B. EMPLOYMENT HISTORY

“The next questions are about your employment. Referring to Table 4 on the green checklist, please tell me about your most recent job, job number 1”

Complete for as many as necessary. Each job will need a reference number

1.

What was your job title

2.

What employment sector were you working in

3.

Were you

(a) Employed

(b) Self employed

(c) Unpaid worker

4.

When did you start this job

yy

5.

When did you finish this job

yy

6.

What county was the job in?

C. AREAS OF WORK

“Looking at the summary of tasks in table 5 on the yellow sheet, please tell me the names and numbers of any of the tasks you have done in any of your jobs.

[Interviewer: Please ask participants about each of the areas of work listed below. For each of the tasks there are follow up questions, D-P. Please ask the follow up questions for any positive responses]

Task

Follow up questions

1.

Sheep dipping

D

2.

Handling recently dipped (within previous 3 weeks) sheep or fleeces. (This could include shearing sheep)

E

3.

Treating cattle for warble fly/handling treated cattle

F

4.

Applying insecticide to arable, fodder crops

G

5.

Treating grain or working with treated grain

H

6.

Working in orchards

I

7.

Other work with pesticides

J

8.

Using solvents (EXCLUDING those in sheep dips)

K

9.

Using lead

L

10.

Using equipment leading to whole body vibration

N

11.

Using equipment leading to hand arm vibration

M

D. SHEEP DIPPING

You said that you have been involved in sheep dipping. I would now like to ask you some further questions about this work.

D1

Please refer to the Summary of Tasks in table 5 on the [yellow] checklist and tell me in which jobs in you dipped sheep?

(1

[Interviewer: Please ask the following the questions, before asking Q5-19 about each of the jobs given in Q1 above.]

1.

(a) Have you ever fallen into the dipping bath?

(a) Yes

(b) No

(1b

(2a

(b) When did you fall in?

(a) Yy (Multiple dates allowed)

(2a

2.

(a) Over your working life have you ever used sheep dips for anything other than dipping such as direct application to infested sheep in sheep showers? It is possible that sheep can be sprayed or showered with dip. Dip could be rubbed onto infected areas of sheep or cattle. It is also possible that some farmers sprayed the pesticide onto crops on their gardens or their gardens This also refers to the sheep dip products and not the equipment]

(a) Yes

(b) No

(2b

(3

(b) On average, how many times per year did you use sheep dip for other purposes?

(3

3.

Were you made aware that the solvents present in OP sheep dip would penetrate rubber protective equipment?

(a) Yes

(b) No

(4

4.

Referring to Table 6 on the yellow checklist, please tell me the names of the sheep dip products used by you or on your farm and the years that they were used.

(5

Product

Years used

(a)

(b)

(Repeat Questions 5-19 for each job)

Starting with job number [taken from 1 above], when you were working as a [B1] in [B6}

5.

Did you use a contractor in this job?

(a) Yes

(b) No

(Next job

(6

6.

On average how many days did you dip per year?

(a) Number

(b) compulsory dipping period’

(c) Can’t remember

(7

7.

On dipping days, approximately how many hours per day would you spend dipping sheep?

(8

8.

What was the average size of the flock? (including lamb replacements and bought in sheep)

(9a

9.

When you were dipping, how did you divide your time between chucking, plunging and helping. We shall go through each of these:

(Interviewer should code the answers into (a) always (b) most of the time (c) less than most of the time or (d) never. These should NOT be read out.)

What proportion of the day did you spend ….

(a) chucking(This is the person who feeds the sheep into the bath )

(9b

(b) ….plunging/paddling or dipping (This is the person who actually plunges the sheep into the dip).

(9c

(c) ….dry helper (This is the person who herds the DRY sheep ready to go into the bath)

(9d

(d) …. Wet helper (This is the person who herds the WET sheep out of the bath and into pens/trailers.)

(10

If no time was spent on 9b, go to 11

10.

What did you use most often to submerge the sheep?

(a) Wooden implement

(b) Metal implement

(c) Hands

(d) Feet

(e) Other (specify)

(11

11.

What protective clothing did you ever wear when dipping?

(Note to interviewer: respondents may say they wore different items at different times-this is addressed in the following question)

(a) Waterproof trousers

(b) Waterproof footwear

(c) Waterproof overalls

(d) Waterproof jacket

(e) Waterproof gloves

(f) Protective visor

(g) Protective Hat

(h) Bib

(i) None

(12

(13

12.

Averaged over this job, how much of the time did you wear…(positive responses from Q15 e.g. the waterproof trousers, waterproof footwear etc? Would you say you always, usually, sometimes or never wore….…

Interviewer: “Sometimes” means either part of the whole job period or intermittently during this period.

Always

Usually

Sometimes

Never

(13

waterproof trousers

13.

(a) In this job, how often did you get soaked to the skin with dip wash on any part of your body? Would you say it was

(a) Always

(b) Usually

(c) Sometimes

(d) Never

(13

(14

(b) Where did you get soaked to the skin most frequently

(a) Hands

(b) Arms

(c) Feet

(d) Legs

(e) Face/Neck

(f) Head

(g) Torso

(14

14.

How often did you pour out the concentrate or add it to the bath? Would you say it was….

(a) Always

(b) Usually

(c) Sometimes

(d) Never

(15

(16(never)

15.

How often did you wear gloves whilst pouring out the concentrate or adding it to the bath? Was it …. (circle one option)

(a) Always

(b) Usually

(c) Sometimes

(d) Never

(16

16.

Did you ever splash or spill concentrate on yourself and if so, how many times per year? (circle one option)

(a) Never

(b) Once per year

(c) Two or three times per year

(d) More than three times per year

(17

17.

What type of dipping bath did you use most often?

(a) straight swim

(b) circular

(c) mobile/portable dip bath

(d) other (specify)

(18

18.

(a) Did you ever clean out the dip bath after dipping was complete?

(a) No

(b) Once

(c) More than once (specify no._____)

( Next section

(19b

19.

(b) How did you empty the dip bath?

(a) Slurry tanker

(b) Pails

(c) Other (specify: )

(Next section

NOTE: Repeat the above questions for each sheep dipping job, before proceeding to the next section.

E: HANDLING OF SHEEP POST DIPPING

[Repeat this section for each job listed in Q1]

I would now like to ask you some questions about when you were handling dipped sheep or fleeces

E 1

Please refer to the Summary of Tasks in Table 5 on the [yellow] checklist and tell me in which jobs you handled dipped sheep or fleeces?

Starting with job number [taken from 1 above], when you were working as a [B1] in [B6}

1.

How soon after the sheep had been dipped were you handling them?

(a) On the day of dipping

(b) 2-7 days after

(c) 1-2 weeks

(d) 3+ weeks

(e) Don’t know

2.

What activity were you doing with the sheep or fleeces?

(a) Shearing

(b) Handling fleeces

(c) Inspecting sheep

(d) Other

3.

On average, how many hours did each contact last for?

4.

How many years did you do this for?

5.

How many times a year did you do this activity?

F. HANDLING CATTLE

I would now like to ask you some questions about when you were treating cattle for warble fly, or handling treated cattle.

F1

Referring to the Summary of Tasks in Table 5 on the [yellow] sheet again, please tell me in which jobs YOU treated cattle for warble fly?

(1

F2

Please tell me in which jobs you handled cattle treated by someone else, such as a contractor, for warble fly??

(6

1.

How was the pesticide to treat warble fly applied

(a) Dip

(b) Spray

(c) Pour on

(d) Other (specify)

(1

2.


(2

3.

On average, how many times did you did you treat warble fly on cattle a year?

(3

4.

On average, how many days did each application process take?

(4

5.

Did you dilute the pesticide?

(a) Yes

(b) No

(5

6.

Did you wear protective gloves or other protective clothing?

(a) Yes-specify what

(b) No

(6

7.

(a) Was the chemical used an organophosphate pesticide?

(a) Yes

(b) No

(c) Don’t know

(7b

(8

(b) What were the names of the pesticides, you may wish to refer to Table 7 on the pink sheet

(8

8.

Did you handle the treated cattle

(a) Yes

(b) No

(9

9.

On average, how many hours per day were you with the treated cattle?

(10

10.

On average, how many days per year did you work with the treated cattle?

(Next

G. PESTICIDES TO ARABLE CROPS

The following questions are about your exposure to pesticides whilst applying them to arable crops.

G1

Referring to the Summary of Tasks in Table 5 on the [yellow] sheet again, please tell me in which jobs you USED A CONTRACTOR for applying insecticides to arable crops?

(7

G2

Please tell me in which jobs YOU applied insecticides to arable crops.

(1

1.

How was the pesticide applied to arable, fodder crops or grassland a year?

(a) Aerial spray

(b) Tractor spray

(c) Other (specify)

(2

2.


(3

3.

How many times per year did you spray arable crops?

(4

4.


(5

5.


(a) Yes

(b) No

(6

6.

Did you wear protective gloves or other protective clothing during application?


(b) No

(7

7.

(a) Was the chemical used an OP?

(a) Yes

(b) No

(c) Don’t know

(7b

(8

(b) What was the name of the pesticides, you may wish to refer to Table 7 on the pink sheet?

(8

8.

Did you handle the treated crops or enter the treated fields?

(c) Yes

(d) No

(Next

H. STORED GRAIN

The following questions are about your exposure to chemicals whilst treating or working with stored grain or grain storage buildings.

H1

Referring to the Summary of Tasks in Table 5 on the [yellow] sheet again please tell me in which jobs YOU treated stored grain or grain storage buildings?

(1

H2

Please tell me in which jobs you handled grain treated by someone else or worked in grain storage buildings or with treated grain?

(5

1.

How was the insecticide applied?

(a) Spray

(b) Smoke bomb

(c) Other (specify)

(2

2.


(3

3.

How many times per year did you treat stored grain?

(4

4.


(5

5.



(b) No

(6a

6.

(a) Was the chemical used an OP?

(a) Yes

(b) No

(c) Don’t know

(6b

(7

(b) What was the name of the chemical? you may wish to refer to Table 7 on the pink sheet

(8

7.

How soon after treatment did you enter the store?

Hours/days

(9

8.

In the two weeks following the treatment how many days did you work there?

(Next

I> WORK IN ORCHARDS

I2

Referring to the Summary of Tasks in Table 5 on the [yellow] sheet again, please tell me in which jobs YOU treated orchards.

(1

I2

Please tell me in which jobs you worked in orchards or handled fruit treated by someone else ?

(6

1.


(1

2.

How many times per year did you spray fruit trees?

(2

3.

How was the pesticide applied?

(a) Spray

(b) Tractor

(c) Other (specify)

(3

4.


(4

5.

Did you dilute the pesticide before applying it?

(a) Yes

(b) No

(5

6.



(b) No

(6

7.

(a) Was the chemical used an organophosphate pesticide?

(a) Yes

(b) No

(c) Don’t know

(7b

(8

(b) What was the name of the pesticide? you may wish to refer to Table 7 on the pink sheet

(8

8.

Did you pick or handle the fruit soon after it had been sprayed?

(a) Yes

(b) No

(9

9.

How many days did you spend picking

(Next

N. INSECTICIDES IN GARDEN

I would now like to ask some questions about the use of insecticides in your garden.

1.

When did you start using insecticides in your garden?

yy

2.

How was the insecticide applied?

(a) Hand spray

(b) Other-specify

3.

Approximately how many years did use insecticides in your garden for?

4.

How many times per year did you use the insecticide?

5.

On average, how many hours did each application take?

6.

(a) Was the chemical used an organophosphate

(a) Yes

(b) No

(c) Don’t know

Note to interviewer: If one or more chemicals contain OPs, tick yes.

(6b

(7

(b) What was the name of the OP? You may wish to refer to Table 7 on the pink sheet

7.


(a) Yes

(b) No

8.


(a) Yes-specify

(b) No

O. PESTICIDES AT HOME

I would now like to ask you some questions about the use of pesticides in your home.

1.

How was the pesticide used?

(a) Head lice treatment

(b) Timber treatment

(c) Pet treatment

(d) Fly killers

(e) Any other –specify: ________

(aa

(bb

(cc

(dd

(ee

Interviewer: For each of the different pesticide uses identified above, please ask the following questions.

Aa: headlice

1.

What year did you first use the headlice treatment?

2.

How many times per year did you use the insecticide

3.


4.

Did the treatment contain an OP?

(a) Yes

(b) No

(c) Don’t know

5.

Did you dilute the treatment?

(a) Yes

(b) No

6.

Did you wear protective gloves ?

(a) Yes

(b) No

Bb: Timber treatment

1.

In what year were you first exposed to timber treatment?

2.

Did the treatment contain an organophosphate?

(a) Yes

(b) No

(c) Don’t know

3.

What was the name of the product?

4.

How many years were you exposed for?

5.

Did you handle the treatment?

(a) Yes

(b) No

6.


(a) Yes-specify

(b) No

Cc: Pet treatment

1.

When did you first start treating your pets?

2.


3.


4.

Was the chemical used an organophosphate

(a) Yes

(b) No

(c) Don’t know

5.


(a) Yes

(b) No

6.

How did you handle the pesticide?

(a) Shampooing

(b) Dusting

(c) Other: specify

7.


(a) Yes-specify

(b) No

Dd; Fly killers/lice infestations

1.

When did you first use fly killers in your home?

2.


3.


4.


(a) Yes

(b) No

(c) Don’t know

5.

What was the name of the product?

6.


(a) Spraying

(b) Fumigation

(c) Other: specify

7.

Did you wear protective clothing?

(a) Yes-specify

(b) No

Ee: Other use of pesticides at home

1.

When did you start using the pesticides in your home?

2.


3.


4.

How many hours did each application take?

5.


(a) Yes

(b) No

(c) Don’t know

6.


(a) Yes

(b) No

7.


(a) Spraying

(b) Shampooing

(c) Dusting

(d) Fumigation

(e) Other: specify

8.


(a) Yes-specify

(b) No

J. OTHER WORK WITH PESTICIDES

I would now like to ask you some questions about any other work you have undertaken with other pesticides.

1.

Referring to the Summary of Tasks in Table 5 on the [yellow] sheet again, please tell me in which jobs you worked with other pesticides.

2.

For what purpose were the pesticides used?

3.

How did you apply the pesticide

4.


5.

How many times per year did you use pesticide in this way?

6.

On average, how long did each application process take?

7.

(a) Was the chemical used an organophosphate pesticide

(a) Yes

(b) No

(c) Don’t know

(7b

(8

(b) What was the name of the pesticide? you may wish to refer to Table 7 on the pink sheet

8.

Did you dilute the pesticide

(a) Yes

(b) No

9.


(a) Yes-specify

(b) No

K. SOLVENTS

I would now like to ask you some questions about your use of solvents, other than those in pesticides or sheep dip formulations, at work.

1.

Referring to the Summary of Tasks in Table 5-on the [yellow] sheet again, please tell me in which jobs you worked with solvents at work.

2.

Briefly describe the work you did with solvents

3.

On average, how many hours per day were you in contact with solvents

4.

How much solvent did you and others working near to you use each day

(a) <50ml (<1.75 fl oz)

(b) 50-500 ml (1.76 floz-17.6 fl oz)

(c) 501-2000 ml (17.7 fl oz-3.5 pints)

(d) >2 litres (>3.5 pints)

5.

Did you do this work in

(a) a large well ventilated room

(b) a large portly ventilated room

(c) a small well ventilated room

(d) a small poorly ventilated room

(e) Outside

6.

Were there any measures in the workplace to control your exposure to solvents?

(a) Yes

(b) No

7.

Did you wear any protective gloves or a respirator

(a) Yes-specify

(b) No

L. LEAD

I would now like to ask you some questions about your use of lead at work.

1.

Referring to the Summary of Tasks in Table 5 on the [yellow] sheet again, please tell me in which jobs you worked with lead at work.

2.

Briefly describe the work you did with lead

3.

On average, how many hours per day were you in contact with lead?

4.

Approximately how many days per year were you in contact with lead?

5.

Was the lead heated in the process?

(a) Yes

(b) No

(c) Don’t know

6.

Did you do this work in

(a) a large well ventilated room

(b) a large portly ventilated room

(c) a small well ventilated room

(d) a small poorly ventilated room

(e) Outside

7.

Were there any measures in the workplace to control your exposure to lead?

(a) Yes

(b) No

8.

Did you wear any protective gloves or a respirator

(a) Yes-specify

(b) No

M. HAND ARM VIBRATION

The following questions are about your exposure to equipment that exposed you to hand arm vibration.

1.

Were you exposed long term to vibration of your hands and/or arms? (this means weekly for most of the year, for at least a year)

2.

Referring to the Summary of Tasks in Table 5 on the [yellow] sheet again, please tell me in which jobs you worked with equipment that led to hand arm vibration

3.

Briefly describe the work you did

4.

What type of power tool did you use?

5.

On average, how many hours per day did you use the vibrating tool?

6.

On average, how many days per year did you use the vibrating tool?

7.

Was the tool very noisy?

(a) Yes

(b) No

N. WORK WITH VIBRATING EQUIPMENT: Whole body vibration

The following questions are about your exposure to equipment that exposed you to whole body vibration.

1.

Were you exposed long term to whole body vibration from sitting or standing on vibrating equipment? (this means weekly for most of the year, for at least a year)

2.

Referring to the Summary of Tasks in Table 5 on the [yellow] sheet again, please tell me in which jobs you worked with equipment that led to whole body vibration

3.

Briefly describe the work you did

4.

What was the source of the vibration?

5.

On average, how many hours per day did you use the vibrating tool?

6.

On average, how many days per year did you use the vibrating tool?

7.

Were you sitting or standing on the vibrating surface?

(a) Sitting

(b) Standing

1.

Thank you for participating in this stage of the study. We will be collating all the responses and analysing the information. The results will then be written up into a final technical report. A shorter summary version of the report will be available in November 2002.. Would you like us to send you a copy of the summary report

(a) Yes

(b) No

APPENDIX C

MEMBERS OF THE STUDY ADVISORY GROUP

Name

Institution

Tony Fletcher

London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine (LSHTM)

Rachel MacLehose

LSHTM

Goran Jamal

Central Middlesex Hospital & Imperial College

Peter Julu

Central Middlesex Hospital & Imperial College

Fintan Hurley

Institute of Occupational Medicine

Adele Pilkington

Institute of Occupational Medicine

Ben Armstrong

LSHTM

Paul Wilkinson

LSHTM

Giovanni Leonardi

LSHTM

Andy Watterson

University of Stirling

Alastair Hay

University of Leeds

Sarah McKenzie Ross

University College London

David Johnson

Royal Hospital for Sick Children

Alison Craig

PAN UK

Jim Candy

PAN UK

John Dunwoody

NIOPSA

Robin Sloan

NIOPSA

Elizabeth Sigmund

OPIN

Steven Allerton

OPIN

Peter Barrowman

DEFRA

Nick Renn

DEFRA

Penny Palmer

DEFRA

APPENDIX D

Cumulative Exposure Metrics for Sheep Dipping Activities – Detailed description

The general form of the equation used to derive exposure estimates to sheep dip is shown below.

clean

sk

fall

sk

handling

sk

splash

sk

conc

sk

dip

sk

sk

E

E

E

E

E

E

E

,

,

,

,

,

,

+

+

+

+

+

=

The equation comprises six additive terms, representing exposure to dilute dip, concentrated dip on the hands, concentrated dip splashed onto the body, dip residue while handling sheep post dipping, falling into the dip and cleaning the dip bath after the work is complete.

Each individual exposure term is defined in the following equations.

Equation 1: Cumulative exposure to dilute dip

)

.

.

1

.(

.

.

.

5

1

,

,

,

,

,

,

,

å

=

-

=

n

n

clo

n

clo

n

clo

n

sk

n

sk

dip

dip

sk

dip

sk

A

P

S

t

C

E

h

d

Equation 2: Cumulative exposure to concentrated dip on hands

)

.

.

1

.(

.

.

.

,

,

,

,

glv

glv

glv

hns

sk

conc

sk

conc

conc

sk

conc

sk

A

P

S

t

C

E

h

d

-

=

Equation 3: Cumulative exposure to concentrated dip splashed on the body

å

=

-

=

5

1

,

,

,

,

,

,

,

)

.

.

.

1

.(

.

.

.

n

n

clo

n

clo

n

clo

n

sk

splash

sk

splash

conc

sk

splash

sk

A

P

S

t

C

E

h

d

Equation 4: Cumulative exposure to dip residue while handling sheep post dipping

å

=

-

+

=

5

1

,

,

,

,

,

,

,

,

)

.

.

.

1

.(

.

).

.

.

(

n

n

clo

n

clo

n

clo

n

sk

handling

sk

dryhns

residue

sk

wethns

dip

sk

handling

sk

A

P

S

t

C

t

C

E

h

d

Equation 5: Cumulative exposure to dip from falling into dip bath

falls

total

sk

beforewash

dip

sk

fall

sk

N

S

t

C

E

.

.

.

,

,

,

=

Equation 6: Cumulative exposure to dip through cleaning dip bath

clean

clo

clo

total

sk

clean

dip

sk

clean

sk

N

A

S

t

C

E

).

.

.

1

.(

.

.

,

,

,

h

-

=

The terms are all defined in Table 1, including appropriate cross references with the exposure questionnaire. The “” terms are the fraction of the skin area that could potential be contaminated during the task. The “P’s” are the proportion of time protective equipment is reported to be used, the “A’s” are the proportion of the relevant body area covered with clothing or gloves as a fraction of the whole of that body part, the “” terms are the effectiveness of the clothing or gloves at reducing exposure, expressed as a percentage and, finally, “Nfalls” and “Nclean” are the total number of falls into the dip bath and the total number of occasions the person cleaned the dip bath, respectively. We need to assume that the person fell only once into the bath in the year that they indicated in their questionnaire response.

In calculating the time (in days) spent dipping, i.e. “tdip” etc. we have used information from the questionnaire along with details of the proportion of time spent in each activity, e.g. the proportion of time spent dipping, “dip”.

For concentrate we assume that the hands may be contaminated by contact with containers and that they may be protected by gloves. Information on reported wearing of gloves is contained in the questionnaire response. Concentrate may also be splashed onto the body, which may or may not be protected by waterproof clothing. Neither protective clothing nor gloves will be completely effective in protecting the body, even where there is no significant permeation through the clothing materials. This is because the pesticide may bypass the clothing via openings or the wearer may inadvertently contaminate the inside of the glove or clothing by removing the item and then putting it back on. Information about wearing of gloves during wet or dry handling is contained in the questionnaire response.

In the case of dilute dip we assume that the clothing items (trousers, jacket, boots etc) will protect only a proportion of the body and over that area they will only provide some incomplete protection.

We have assumed that falling into the dip or cleaning the dip bath would have resulted in whole body exposure for the time from the event until the person washed or showered. For someone who cleans the dip tank at the end of the work we have included an estimate of the time taken plus the time until washing.

The following tables contain guidance on how the answers from each question should be implemented in the exposure metric.

Table 1Variables used in the exposure assessment

Variable

Questionnaire reference

Constant or Formula

Comments

dip

sk

C

,

-

1

Dimensionless concentration measure

conc

sk

C

,

-

500

residue

sk

C

,

-

0.1

sk

S

-

1.35 m2

hands

sk

S

,

-

0.1 m2

total

sk

S

,

-

1.9 m2

d

<>

-

Days dipping.

y

<> minus <>

-

Years in this job.

h

<>

-

Hours per day dipping.

falls

N

Total of <> and <>

-

Number of instances of falling into dip bath.

clean

N

<>

-

Number of instances of cleaning dip bath.

beforewash

t

-

0.1

Days

clean

t

-

0.2

Time in days from starting cleaning until washing or showering

Table 1, contVariables used in the exposure assessment

Variable


Constant or Formula

Comments

dip

t

-

8

).

1

.(

.

dip

h

y

d

D

+

One hour added to allow for the time from finishing work until the time the person washed.

dip

D

<> and <>

-

Chucker and paddler combined.

Always = 1; Mostly = 0.75; Some = 0.25; None = 0

conc

t

-

8

).

1

1

.(

.

conc

y

d

D

+

Assumes maximum of one hour spent diluting concentrate each dipping day plus one hour from time finished until time washed.

conc

D

<>

-

Always = 1; Mostly = 0.75; Some = 0.25; None = 0

splash

t

-

SR

y

.

SR

<>

-

Never = 0; 1 per yr = 1; 2-3 per yr = 2.5; 3+ per yr = 5

wethand

t

-

8

).

1

.(

.

wethand

h

y

d

D

+

wethand

D

<>

-

As above

dryhand

t

-

8

).

1

.(

.

dryhand

h

y

d

D

+

dryhand

D

<>

-

As above

Table 2Model Factors for Clothing and Gloves during Dipping

n

Body area

Clothing(


sk

Ssk

Aclo

clo,dip

1

Legs and lower torso

Trousers (overalls)

<>

0.8

0.83

1

0.9

2

Feet

Footwear

<>

1

0.13

1

0.9(

3

Arms and upper torso

Jacket (overalls and bib)

<>

0.6

0.71

1

0.9(

4

Head

Hat and Visor

<> and <>

0.2

0.13

0.7

0.9

5

Hands

Gloves

<>

1

0.10

1

0.3

Notes.

1. It is not always possible to add the clothing parts together since some will cover all or part of the body of another item. For example, an overall will cover the same area as trousers and a jacket. Some pre-processing of the data will be needed to remove items of clothing that duplicate the protection, e.g. wearing a jacket over overalls. More detail is given below in Table 3a. This approach should also be used for other situations where clothing combinations may be used, e.g. Table 5 and 6.

2. except when the respondent says they used their feet to submerge the sheep when zero should be used, <>.

3. except when the respondent says they used hands to submerge the sheep when zero should be substituted, <>.

Table 3Details of clothing combinations for dipping

Clothing combination

Final assignment of clothing

If overall worn in any combination with jacket and/or trousers

Trousers and jacket

If bib worn without jacket or trousers

Aclo,3 = 0.5 and Aclo,1 = 0.25

If bib worn with trousers

Aclo,3 = 0.5 and Aclo,1 = 1

If bib worn with jacket

Aclo,3 = 1 and Aclo,1 = 0.25

If only hat worn on head

Aclo,4 = 0.4

If only visor worn

Aclo,4 = 0.3

Pclo,n and Pgloves should be assigned from the responses to questions <> etc. based on always = 1, usually = 0.75; sometimes = 0.25 and never = 0.

The following tables give corresponding details for handling concentrate and the other exposure activities.

Table 4Model Factors for Gloves during handling concentrate

n

Body area

Clothing


sk,conc

Ssk,hns

Aglv

glv

5

Hands

Gloves

<>

0.05

0.10

1

0.95

Pgloves should be assigned from the responses to questions <>.

Table 5Model Factors for Clothing and Gloves for concentrate splash

n

Body area

Clothing


sk

Ssk

Aclo

clo,dip

1


Trousers (overalls)

<>

0.0005

0.83

1

0.99

2

Feet

Footwear

<>

0.0001

0.13

1

0.99

3



<>

0.0005

0.71

1

0.99

4

Head

Hat and/or Visor

<>

0.0001

0.13

0.7

0.99

5

Hands

Gloves

<>

0.0005

0.1

1

0.99

Pclo,n and Pgloves should be assigned from the responses to questions <> etc.

Table 6Model Factors for Clothing and Gloves for handling sheep

N

Body area

Clothing


sk

Ssk

Aclo

clo,dip

1


Trousers (overalls)

<>

0.1

0.83

1

0.9

2

Feet

Footwear

<>

0

0.13

1

0.9

3



<>

0.1

0.71

1

0.9

4

Head

Hat and/or Visor

<>

0

0.13

0.7

0.9

5

Hands

Gloves

<>

1

0.1

1

0.3

Table 7Model Factors for Clothing and Gloves for falling into the dip

n

Body area

Clothing


sk

Ssk

Aclo

clo,dip

Whole Body

Not relevant

n/a

1.9

n/a

n/a

Table 8Model Factors for Clothing and Gloves for cleaning dip bath

n

Body area

Clothing


sk

Ssk

Aclo

clo,dip

Whole Body

Jacket, trousers etc.

n/a

1.9

0.7

0.6

APPENDIX E

Exposure Metrics for Other Organophosphate Exposures, Solvents, Lead and Vibrating Tools

1.0 Exposure Estimation from Handling Cattle

This section only applies to those who either treated or handled cattle treated for warble fly using organophosphate pesticides. Exposure assessments should only be made if the respondent answered “yes” or “don’t know” to the question about whether the chemical used was an organophosphate pesticide i.e. <>. The exposure metric is as follows:

cowc

sk

cowh

sk

cowh

cowh

sk

cowt

sk

cowt

cowt

sk

cow

sk

E

S

t

C

S

t

C

E

,

,

,

,

,

,

)

.

.

(

)

.

.

(

+

+

=

where the cowt suffix refers to treating the cattle and the cowh to handling.

Table 1Variables used in the exposure assessment for cattle

Variable


Constant or Formula

Comments

cowt

sk

C

,

<>

1 for dip or spray

10 for pour-on

70 for other

Other - assume spot-on formulations used.

cowh

sk

C

,

-

0.1 for dip or spray

1 for pour-on

7 for “other”

We assume that the concentration is less for handling post treatment

cowt

t

-

(

8

.(

.

.

cowt

cowt

cowt

n

d

y

+1)) / 8

Assumes they were treating cattle for 8 hours on each occasion

One hour added to allow for the time from finishing work until the time the person has washed

cowh

t

-

(((<> +1* <>) + (<> +1 *<>)) * ycowt)/ 8

We use years treating cattle on the assumption it was the same as years handling treated cattle

One hour again added to allow for the time from finishing work until the time the person has washed

cowt

sk

S

,

<>

1.35 for dip or spray

0.25 for pour-on

0.25 for other

If gloves or protective clothing are worn then reduce by 50%. This assumes that the clothing is unlikely to cover the whole area of exposed skin

cowh

sk

S

,

0.25

If gloves or protective clothing are worn then reduce by 50%.

cowt

y

<>

-

cowt

d

<>

-

cowh

d

<> <>

-

cowt

n

<>

-

cowh

h

> <>

-

cowc

sk

E

,

<>

cowt

t

´

10

If diluting pesticide(.

1. Assumes more contact with concentrate than sheep dip because of likelihood of wearing concentrate container on back. Note, the corresponding figure for sheep dip was 2.5 (see Table 1).

2.0 Exposure Estimation from treating arable crops

The exposure for treating arable crops is dependent on whether the pesticide used was an organophosphate, i.e. <> answered positively or “don’t know”. The form of the equation is similar to that before.

cropc

sk

croph

sk

croph

croph

sk

cropt

sk

cropt

cropt

sk

crop

sk

E

S

t

C

S

t

C

E

,

,

,

,

,

,

)

.

.

(

)

.

.

(

+

+

=

Table 2Variables used in the exposure assessment for arable crops

Variable


Constant or Formula

Comments

cropt

sk

C

,

<>

250 for aerial spray

1 for tractor spray

1 for other

Other - assumed hand held sprayer.

croph

sk

C

,

-

0.1

Only consider if answered yes to

cropt

t

-

(

8

.(

.

.

cropt

cropt

cropt

n

d

y

+1)) /8

Assumes 8 hours of work each day treating

One hour added to allow for time from finishing work until time washed

croph

t

-

cropt

t

Use time treating since we do not have information on handling time.

Only consider if answered yes to

tcropc

-

(

.(

.

.

cropt

cropt

cropt

n

d

y

1+1)) /8

Assumes one hour spent diluting per day. One hour added for time until washing

cropt

sk

S

,

<>

and <>

0.5 for aerial spray

0.75 for tractor spray

1.35 for other

If gloves or clothing are worn then reduce by 50%

croph

sk

S

,

0.25

Assumes gloves / clothing is not worn

cropt

y

<>

-

cropt

d

<>

-

cropt

n

<>

-

cropc

sk

E

,

<>

cropc

t

´

5

.

2

Only include if diluted pesticide

3.0 Exposure Estimation from treating stored grain

As before, the exposure for treating stored grain is dependent on whether the pesticide used was an organophosphate, i.e. <> or <> answered positively or don’t know.

)

.

.

(

)

.

.

(

,

,

,

,

,

grh

sk

grh

grh

sk

grt

sk

grt

grt

sk

grain

sk

S

t

C

S

t

C

E

+

=

Table 3Variables used in the exposure assessment for stored grain

Variable


Constant or Formula

Comments

grt

sk

C

,

<>

10 for spray

1 for smoke bomb

1 for “other”

Other: assume method of application is gas, fog or dust, which would all be applied in a similar manner to smoke.

grh

sk

C

,

-

1 for spray

0.1 for smoke bomb and other

grt

t

-

8

/

))

1

8

.(

.

.

(

+

grt

grt

grt

n

d

y


grh

t

-

(

(

8

.

.

.

grt

grh

grt

n

d

y

+1)) / 8

Assumes grain handling lasts the same time as treating.


grt

sk

S

,

<> and <>

1.35


grh

sk

S

,

0.25

If gloves or clothing are worn then reduce by 50%.

grt

y

<>

-

grt

d

<>

-

grt

n

<>

-

grh

d

<> and <>

-

4.0 Exposure Estimation from working in orchards

As before the exposure for working in orchards is dependent on whether the pesticide used was an organophosphate, i.e. <> or <> answered positively or “don’t know”.

orc

sk

orh

sk

orh

orh

sk

ort

sk

ort

ort

sk

orchard

sk

E

S

t

C

S

t

C

E

,

,

,

,

,

,

)

.

.

(

)

.

.

(

+

+

=

Table 4Variables used in the exposure assessment for working in orchards

Variable


Constant or Formula

Comments

ort

sk

C

,

<>

1 for spray

1 for tractor

1 for other

.

orh

sk

C

,

-

0.1

ort

t

-

(

8

.(

.

.

ort

ort

ort

n

d

y

+1)) / 8

One hour added to allow for the time from finishing work until time person washed.

orh

t

-

(

8

.(

.

.

ort

orh

ort

n

d

y

+1)) / 8

One hour added to allow for the time from finishing work until time person washed.

torc

-

(

1

.(

.

.

ort

ort

ort

n

d

y

+1)) / 8

Assumes one hour spent diluting per day. One hour added for time until washing

ort

sk

S

,

<> and <>

1.35 for spray

0.9 for tractor

1.35 for other


orh

sk

S

,

0.25


ort

y

<>

-

ort

d

<>

-

ort

n

<>

-

orh

d

<> and <>

-

orc

sk

E

,

<>

orc

t

.

5

.

2

If answered yes to <>

5.0 Exposure Estimation from other work with pesticides

As above the exposure for other work with pesticides is dependent on whether the pesticide used was an organophosphate, i.e. <> answered positively or “don’t know”.

other

sk

other

other

sk

other

sk

S

t

C

E

,

,

,

.

.

=

Table 5Variables used in the exposure assessment for other use

Variable


Constant or Formula

Comments

other

sk

C

,

<>

1 without concentrate handling

100 with concentrate handling

other

t

-

(

other

other

other

n

h

y

).

1

.(

+

) / 8

One hour added time from finishing to cleaning

other

sk

S

,

<>

0.25


other

y

<>

-

other

h

<>

-

other

n

<>

-

6.0 Exposure Estimation from the use of insecticides in the garden

As above the exposure to pesticides from garden usage is dependent on whether the pesticide used was an organophosphate, i.e. <> answered positively or “don’t know”.

garden

sk

garden

garden

sk

garden

sk

S

t

C

E

,

,

,

.

.

=

+ Esk, gardenc

Table 6Variables used in the exposure assessment for garden use

Variable


Constant or Formula

Comments

garden

sk

C

,

<>

1 hand spray

1 for other

garden

t

-

(

garden

garden

garden

n

h

y

.

.

)/8

T garden c

-

(

garden

garden

garden

n

h

y

.

)

10

/

1

.(

)/8

Assumes 1/10th of time spent treating garden is spent diluting pesticide

garden

sk

S

,

<>

0.25


garden

y

<>

-

garden

h

<>

-

garden

n

<>

Esk, gardenc

<>

2.5tgardenc

If answer that they dilute the pesticide

7.0 Exposure Estimation from use of pesticides at home

As above the exposure to pesticides in the home is dependent on whether the pesticide used was an organophosphate, i.e. <> etc. answered positively or “don’t know”. There are five separate sections to home use: head lice treatment; timber treatment; pet treatment; fly killer/ lice infestations and other uses. For simplicity we have grouped these together and so it is necessary to produce a summed duration of usage.

We have chosen standardized concentrations and areas exposed that will be used for each application.

e

sk

e

e

sk

e

sk

S

t

C

E

hom

,

hom

hom

,

hom

,

.

.

=

Table 7Variables used in the exposure assessment for home use

Variable


Constant or Formula

Comments

e

sk

C

hom

,

10

e

t

hom

-

(

e

e

e

n

h

y

hom

hom

hom

.

.

) / 8

e

sk

S

hom

,

<> etc

0.25


garden

y

<> etc

-

e

h

hom

-

1

e

n

hom

<> etc

-

8. Exposure Estimation from Handling Solvents

This section only applies to those who have worked with solvents. The exposure metric is as follows and we have assumed 8-hr working days:

Esolvent = solamt . solwhr . solpro . solcl . ((years.days.solhr) / 8)

Table 8Variables used in the exposure assessment for solvents

Variable

Description

Value

Solamt

Amount of solvent used each day

1. <50ml = 0.02

2. 50 – 500ml = 0.25

3. 501-2000 = 1.2

4. >2 litres = 4

Solwhr

Ventilation

1. Large well ventilated room = 1

2. Large poorly ventilated room = 1.5

3. Small well ventilated room = 3

4. Small poorly ventilated room =15

5. Outside = 0.3

Solpro

Measures to control exposure

1. Yes = 0.5

2. No = 1

Solcl

Gloves / respirator worn?

1. Yes = 0.5

2. No = 1

Years

Years working with solvents

Obtained be tracing back job number soltxto<>

Solhr

Hours per day

Days

Days per year

We do not know how many days per year each job was undertaken. Lead and vibration sections have information on number of days worked and feel it is also necessary here. It was therefore assumed that days per year were worked

9. Exposure Estimation from Handling Lead

This section only applies to those who have worked with lead. The exposure metric is as follows and we have assumed 8-hr working days:

Eled = ledhot . ledwhr . ledpro . ledlcl . ((years.leddy.ledhr) / 8)

Table 9Variables used in the exposure assessment for lead

Variable

Description

Value

Ledhot

Lead heated in process

1. Yes = 10

2. No = 1

3. Don’t know = 1 (assume No)

Ledwhr

Ventilation

1. Large well ventilated room = 1

2. Large poorly ventilated room = 1.5

3. Small well ventilated room = 3

4. Small poorly ventilated room =15

5. Outside = 0.3

Ledpro

Measures to control exposure

3. Yes = 0.5

4. No = 1

Ledcl

Gloves / respirator worn?

3. Yes = 0.5

4. No = 1

Years

Years working with lead

Obtained be tracing back job number ledtxto<>

Ledhr

Hours per day

Leddy

Days per year

10. Exposure Estimation from Hand Arm Vibration

This section only applies to those who have worked with equipment that can lead to hand arm vibration. The exposure metric is as follows and we have assumed 8-hr working days:

Evbarm = vbarmld . ((years.(vbarmhr).vbarmdy)) / 8

Table 10Variables used in the exposure assessment for hand arm vibration

Variable

Description

Value

Vbarmld

Was tool noisy?

1. Yes = 1

2. No = 1

After discussions with various IOM personnel it was decided not to differentiate between the two given the limited information.

Years

Years working with hav equip.

Obtained be tracing back job number vbarmto<>

Vbarmhr

Hours per day

Vbarmdy

Days per year

11. Exposure Estimation from Whole Body Vibration

This section only applies to those who have used equipment that can lead to whole body vibration. The exposure metric is as follows and we have assumed 8-hr working days:

Evibbd = vibbdst1. ((years.vibbdhr.vibbddy) / 8)

Table 11Variables used in the exposure assessment for whole body vibration

Variable

Description

Value

Vibbdst

Sitting / standing

Factor of 1 assigned

Due to the limited information, it was not possible to differentiate exposure between sitting and standing therefore a value of 1 is assigned for both.

Years

Years working

Obtained be tracing back job number vbarmto<>

Vibbdhr

Hours per day

Vibbddy

Days per year

APPENDIX F

Additional Exposure Metrics

1. SHEEP DIPPING TASKS

1.1 Lifetime days dipping:

This variable is calculated simply through the addition of the number of 8-hour day’s spent sheep dipping per job.

dip

t

life =

dip

t

job 1 +

dip

t

job 2 +

dip

t

job 3………..1.2 Never / Ever handled concentrate

Those individuals who have no cumulative exposure to concentrated dip on hands (

conc

sk

E

,

), will be classified as “never” being exposed to concentrate. Similarly those individuals who have any cumulative exposure will be classified as “ever”.

For data analysis, Conc,handle “ever” = 1, “never” = 0.

“Never / ever” handled concentrate should be calculated for each sheep dipping job and also over all jobs.

1.3 Never / ever splashed with concentrate

Those individuals who have no cumulative exposure to concentrated dip splashed on body (Esk, splash), will be classified as “never” being splashed with concentrate. Similarly those individuals who have any cumulative exposure will be classified as “ever”.

For data analysis, Concsplash. “ever” = 1, “never” = 0.

“Never / ever” splashed with concentrate should be calculated for each sheep dipping job and also over all jobs.

1.4 Never / ever fell into dip bath

Those individuals who have no cumulative exposure to falling into the dip bath (Esk,fall), will be classified as “never” falling in. Similarly those individuals who have any cumulative exposure will be classified as “ever”.

For data analysis, Fallbath. “ever” = 1, “never” = 0.

“Never / ever” fell into dip bath should be calculated for each sheep dipping job and also over all jobs.

1.5 Never / ever cleaned dip bath

Those individuals who have no cumulative exposure to cleaning the dip bath (Esk,clean), will be classified as “never”. Similarly those individuals who have any cumulative exposure will be classified as “ever”.

For data analysis, Cleanbath. “ever” = 1, “never” = 0.

“Never / ever” cleaned dip bath should be calculated for each sheep dipping job and also over all jobs.

2. OTHER ORGANOPHOSPHATE EXPOSURES

2.1 Handling cattlea. Never / ever diluted pesticide

Those individuals who have no cumulative exposure to

cowc

sk

E

,

will be classified as “never” diluting pesticide. Similarly those individuals who have any cumulative exposure will be classified as “ever”.

For data analysis, Cattledil. “ever” = 1, “never” = 0.

b. Lifetime days treating and handling cattle

This variable is calculated simply through the addition of the number of 8-hour day’s spent treating and handling cattle per job.

T cow life = (

cowt

t

+

cowh

t

job 1) + (

cowt

t

+

cowh

t

job 2) + (

cowt

t

+

cowh

t

job 3) ………..

cowt suffix refers to treating the cattle and the cowh to handling.

2.2 Treating arable crops

a. Never / ever handled concentrate pesticide

With arable crop treatment we are also aware that the respondent may have applied concentrated, rather than dilute pesticide during aerial spray treatment. This metric takes account of this rather then simply considering whether the respondent indicated that they diluted the pesticides.

Therefore individuals who answered “1. Aerial spray” to questionnaire variable <> will be classified as “ever” handling concentrate. All other responses will be treated as “never”. Also, those individuals who have no cumulative exposure to

cropc

sk

E

,

will be classified as “never” handling concentrate. Similarly those individuals who have any cumulative exposure will be classified as “ever”.

For data analysis, Arabledil. “ever” = 1, “never” = 0.

b. Lifetime days treating and handling arable crops

This variable is calculated simply through the addition of the number of 8-hour day’s spent treating and handling arable crops.

T arable life = (

cropt

t

+

croph

t

job 1) + (

cropt

t

+

croph

t

job 2) + (

cropt

t

+

croph

t

job 3) …

2.3 Treating stored grain

There is no information about diluting pesticide or handling concentrate therefore there is no metric for this.

a. Lifetime days treating and handling stored grain

This variable is calculated simply through the addition of the number of 8-hour day’s spent treating and handling stored grain.

T grain life = (

grt

t

+

grh

t

job 1) + (

grt

t

+

grh

t

job 2) + (

grt

t

+

grh

t

job 3) ………..

2.4 Treatment of orchards

a. Never / ever diluted pesticide

Those individuals who have no cumulative exposure to

orc

sk

E

,

will be classified as “never” diluting pesticide. Similarly those individuals who have any cumulative exposure will be classified as “ever”.

For data analysis, Orcharddil. “ever” = 1, “never” = 0.

b. Lifetime days treating and handling orchards

This variable is calculated simply through the addition of the number of 8-hour day’s spent treating and handling orchards.

T orchard life = (

ort

t

+

orh

t

job 1) + (

ort

t

+

orh

t

job 2) + (

ort

t

+

orh

t

job 3) ………..

2.5 Other work with pesticides


Those individuals who responded positively to the question variable <> - did you dilute the pesticide? Will be classified as “Ever” and vice versa.

For data analysis, Other dil. “ever” = 1, “never” = 0.

b. Lifetime days working with other pesticides

This variable is calculated simply through the addition of the number of 8-hour day’s spent working with other pesticides for each job.

T other life = (

other

t

job 1) + (

other

t

job 2) + (

other

t

job 3) ………..

2.6 Use of insecticides in the garden


Those individuals who have no cumulative exposure to Esk, gardenc will be classified as “never” diluting pesticide. Similarly those individuals who have any cumulative exposure will be classified as “ever”.

For data analysis, Garden dil. “ever” = 1, “never” = 0.

b. Lifetime days using insecticides in the garden

This variable has already been calculated - t garden.

2.7 Other use of pesticides within the home


Those individuals who responded positively to any of the following questionnaire variables will be classified as “ever” diluting other pesticides within the home. Individuals will be classified as “never” if they respond negatively to all.

Questionnaire variables: <>, <>, <>, <>, <>.

For data analysis, Home dil. “ever” = 1, “never” = 0.

b. Lifetime days using other insecticides within the home

This variable has already been calculated -

e

t

hom

.

3.0 Additional “Never” / “Ever” exposed to concentrate metrics

These have been separated into three categories – sheep-dip, other work related OPs and OPs used in the home.

3.1 Sheep dip

With regards to exposure to concentrate, there are two variables of interest as defined in Sections 1.2 and 1.3. These are diluting concentrate and the splashing of concentrate.

Therefore “never”/ “ever” exposed to sheep dip concentrate will be calculated as follows:

An individual will be classified as “Ever” exposed if:

Conc handle = 1 AND / OR Conc splash = 1.

An individual will be classified as “Never” exposed if:

Conc handle = 0 AND Conc splash = 0.

Feel that it is not possible to determine “ever” / “never” exposure to concentrate on the basis of job titles given that anyone could potentially be splashed with concentrate even if they themselves are not involved in the dilution.

3.2 Other work related OP exposures

3.2.1 Cattle

We already have a metric defined in section 2.1 for “never / “ever diluted pesticide which we will assume as being the same of “never / ever” exposed to concentrate. It is recognised that some formulations of warble fly treatment are more concentrated however this is simply due to the application method used.

3.2.2 Arable crops

As mentioned in section 2.2, we are aware that the respondent may have applied concentrate rather than dilute pesticide during spray treatment therefore individuals who answered “1” to question <> will be classified as “ever” handling concentrate whilst the remainder would be classified as “never”. We also have a metric developed for diluting concentrates (Section 2.2) and this also needs to be taken into consideration.

Therefore “Ever” exposed to arable crop concentrate (Arable conc) is when <> = 1 AND /OR <> = 1 (if 1 is yes)

“Never” exposed to arable crop concentrate is when <> = anything except 1 AND <> = 2 (if 2 is no)

“Ever” exposed arable conc = 1, “Never” exposed arable conc = 0

3.2.3 Stored grain

We have no i

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