Heat and TemperatureHeat and Temperature

Unit Review Unit Review

April 2009April 2009

Human needs have led to technologies for

obtaining and controlling heat.

What are some heat technologies What are some heat technologies we have today? we have today?

Wants vs. Needs: Label each of the Wants vs. Needs: Label each of the technologies you just listed. technologies you just listed.

What is a Standard of Living?What is a Standard of Living?

What does Sustainable mean?What does Sustainable mean?

Sustainable use of resources Sustainable use of resources means using resources “wisely”. means using resources “wisely”.

Don’t use too much of one Don’t use too much of one resource or it will run out. resource or it will run out.

Replace what you have used. Replace what you have used.

What was the Caloric Theory?What was the Caloric Theory?

The belief that heat was a fluid The belief that heat was a fluid because it moved from one object because it moved from one object to another. to another.

It was wrong because….It was wrong because….

Heat does not have mass!Heat does not have mass!

States of MatterStates of Matter

What are the 3 States of Matter? What are the 3 States of Matter?

Solid Solid

LiquidLiquid

Gas Gas

What are the Particles doing in a Solid?What are the Particles doing in a Solid?

Particles are stuck together. Particles are stuck together. Particles are barely moving. Particles are barely moving. Solids have a definite shape and Solids have a definite shape and

volume. volume. Think of an ice cube!Think of an ice cube!

What are the Particles doing in a What are the Particles doing in a Liquid?Liquid?

Particles are starting to spread out. Particles are starting to spread out. Particles are starting to move Particles are starting to move

faster. faster. Liquids do not have a specific Liquids do not have a specific

shape.shape. Liquid does have a specific Liquid does have a specific

volume. volume.

What are the Particles doing in a What are the Particles doing in a Gas?Gas?

Particles are very spread out. Particles are very spread out.

Particles are moving very fast. Particles are moving very fast.

Has no definite shape or volume. Has no definite shape or volume.

What is the Particle Model of Matter?What is the Particle Model of Matter?

Everything is made up of ParticlesEverything is made up of Particles All Particles have space between All Particles have space between

themthem Particles are Always movingParticles are Always moving Adding heat make Particles move Adding heat make Particles move

faster. faster.

DefinitionsDefinitions

TemperatureTemperature Average Kinetic Energy of ParticlesAverage Kinetic Energy of Particles

Thermal EnergyThermal Energy Total kinetic Energy of Particles Total kinetic Energy of Particles

Heat Heat Transfer of energy from High Kinetic Transfer of energy from High Kinetic

Energy to Low Kinetic EnergyEnergy to Low Kinetic Energy

What happens when heat is added What happens when heat is added to a substance?to a substance?

Particles move fasterParticles move faster Particles spread out Particles spread out

Name 3 Important people to the Name 3 Important people to the measurement of Temperature.measurement of Temperature.

Galileo GalileiGalileo Galilei Gabriel FahrenheitGabriel Fahrenheit Anders CelsiusAnders Celsius

What are 3 ways heat What are 3 ways heat Transfers?Transfers?

Conduction Conduction When two objects are touchingWhen two objects are touching

Convection Convection Circular Motion Circular Motion

Radiation Radiation Heat WavesHeat Waves

ConductorsConductors

What is it?What is it? List some good conductors. List some good conductors.

InsulatorsInsulators

What is it?What is it? List some good insulators.List some good insulators.

What are 4 natural sources of heat?What are 4 natural sources of heat?

SunSun FireFire Decay Decay EarthEarth

What is a Passive Heating System?What is a Passive Heating System?

Reduces heat loss and increases Reduces heat loss and increases heat gain using the sun.heat gain using the sun.

How?How? InsulationInsulation South Facing WindowsSouth Facing Windows

What is an Active System?What is an Active System?

Trapping and collecting solar Trapping and collecting solar energy using mechanical devices. energy using mechanical devices.

How?How? FansFans PumpsPumps CollectorsCollectors Storage DeviceStorage Device

How does a Cooling System work?How does a Cooling System work?

Coolant evaporates at low Coolant evaporates at low temperatures.temperatures.

As it evaporates, it absorbs all the As it evaporates, it absorbs all the heat in a space. heat in a space.

This makes it cold in the space. This makes it cold in the space.

What are two types of Natural What are two types of Natural Resources?Resources?

RenewableRenewable Will never run outWill never run out Wind, Sun, WaterWind, Sun, Water

Non-RenewableNon-Renewable Will eventually run outWill eventually run out

Gas, Oil, CoalGas, Oil, Coal

What is a Fossil Fuel?What is a Fossil Fuel?

Remains of plants and animals.Remains of plants and animals. Why do we use them?Why do we use them?

Easy to find and transportEasy to find and transport What are examples? What are examples?

Gas, Coal, OilGas, Coal, Oil Cost of using them? Cost of using them?

Economic: Actual cost in dollarsEconomic: Actual cost in dollars Environmental : Negative impact on EarthEnvironmental : Negative impact on Earth Societal: Negative impact on PeopleSocietal: Negative impact on People

Advantages/Advantages/Disadvantages of Fossil Disadvantages of Fossil

FuelsFuels

GoodGood BadBad• CheapCheap Will run outWill run out• Easy to findEasy to find Bad for Bad for

Earth Earth • Easy to Get Bad for Easy to Get Bad for

Health Health • Easy to TransportEasy to Transport

Alternatives to Fossil FuelsAlternatives to Fossil Fuels

WindWind SolarSolar NuclearNuclear Hydro Electric (Water)Hydro Electric (Water)

Advantages /Disadvantages of using Advantages /Disadvantages of using AlternativesAlternatives

Good Good BadBad• Good for EarthGood for Earth

ExpensiveExpensive• Good For People Good For People

Location Location • Renewable Renewable

Test Tuesday!!!Test Tuesday!!!

GOOD LUCK!!!GOOD LUCK!!!