Heating With Solar Heater

Heating With Solar HeaterSubmitted To: Dr. Bashir Nouri Prepared By:Abdullah Muhammad BsharatRa`ef Muhammad BsharatFaris Ahmad HantoliAbstract Introduction

IntroductionUses Of Solar EnergyGenerating Electricity

Solar water heater IntroductionWhy solar energy can be used in Palestine ?1. Palestine from the country that have great value of solar radiation (5.4 KWH/m2/day).

2. Average cloudy days in the year about 20-25 days.(according to NASA studies).3. Energy resources are either dwindling or non-existent.4. Increase petroleum fuel unit price recentlyPalestine World Solar Insolation MapFlat PlateandEvacuated Tube solar collectorsEvacuated Tube Solar CollectorsFlat Plate and Evacuated Tube Solar CollectorsFlat Plate Solar Collectors

Flat Plate and Evacuated Tube Solar CollectorsEvacuated Tube Types

1. Glass to Glass Typea. Evacuated tube with heating pipe.b. Evacuated tube with direct flow.

2. Glass to Metal Type8Flat Plate and Evacuated Tube Solar CollectorsEfficiency of Flat plate and Evacuated Tube collectorsHeat collected by solar collectors equal to energy absorbed by the absorber minus the heat loss from the surface directly and indirectly to the surrounding.QC = Q absorbed Q lossQC = A[ IC *()e UC (Tin Ta)]Where ()e: effective product of transmissivity of the transparent cover and absorptivity of absorber.Flat Plate and Evacuated Tube Solar CollectorsQC = A[ IC *FR()e FR UC (Tin Ta)]By introducing heat removal factor in the equation is will be as following:

The efficiency of solar collector is defined as the ratio of heat output of the collector to solar energy flux incident on the collector.Flat Plate and Evacuated Tube Solar CollectorsParabolic trough concentrator Evacuated tube Flat plate collector

The Following figure show the efficiency curve for three different type collectors: Flat Plate and Evacuated Tube Solar CollectorsAccording to Nablus City condition the efficiency of Flat plate and evacuated tube collectors presented in following curves.Evacuated tube Flat Plate Boiler Boiler Boiler Fuel Consumption Degree Day MethodThe number of degree days DD, for given year months during heating season calculated by following equation:DD = (18.3 Tavg) * Days of the monthThe fuel mass Mf consumed in a given period of time (heating season) during winter can be estimated using degree day method by following equation:

HeatingHeating Heating Load Calculation1. Conduction heat lossQ = U A (Tin Tout)2. Ventilation heat lossa. Sensible heat loadQs,v = 1.25 Vv (Ti To)b. Latent heat loadQL,v = 3 Vv (wi wo)3. Domestic hot water loadQw = Mw Cp (Th Tc)Heating First FloorHeating Second FloorHeating Over Heat Transfer Coefficients wall TypeU (W/ m2. C)Internal wall2.493External wall2.601Ceiling2.683Floor1.701Class window6.7wooden door3.1Stair wall3.05Heating Heating load for second floorQwall =2678.64 wQ s,v = 1004.08 wQwall =2532.94 wQ s,v = 1095.36wQwall =1843.05 wQ s,v = 1082.32wQwall =5834.51wQ s,v = 3398.22wQwall =1606.5wQ s,v = 834.56wHeating Boiler loadRoom TypeWall loadVentilation loadTotal load KWMaster Bed room2678.461004.083.683Girls bed room 1843.051082.322.925Boy bed room2532.941095.363.628kitchen1606.55834.562.441living room & dining room5834.513398.2249.233Total load21.910Domestic 9.753Boiler load34.830PlumbingPlumbing House Fresh Water Pipe SizingFirst FloorThe collectors number 1 and 2 have the same connected fixture, and the summation of fixture unit shown in following table:FIXTURECold pipeHot pipeTotalWater Closet1.6502.2Lavatory 0.50.50Kitchen sink110Water Closet1.6502.2Lavatory 0.50.50Kitchen sink110 FU Summation 6.33Demand (GPM)11.036.5Table A-14Size3/4``1/2``Table A-15Plumbing House Fresh Water Pipe SizingFirst FloorFirst floor main pipe:Collector Cold pipeHot pipeCollector 16.33Collector 26.33FU summation 12.66Demand (GPM)16.310.7Size1``3/4``Plumbing House Fresh Water Pipe SizingSecond FloorCollector 1 :FIXTURECold pipeHot pipeTotalBathtub110Water Closet1.6502.2Lavatory 10.50.50Lavatory 20.50.50Water Closet1.6502.2Bidet1.51.50Lavatory 0.50.50FU summation 7.34Demand (GPM)12.18Table A-14Size3/4``3/4``Table A-15Plumbing House Fresh Water Pipe SizingSecond FloorCollector 2 :FIXTURECold pipeHot pipeTotalWater Closet1.6502.2Lavatory 0.50.50Kitchen sink110FU summation 3.151.5Demand (GPM)6.7254Table A-14Size1/2``1/2``Table A-15Plumbing House Fresh Water Pipe SizingSecond FloorSecond floor main pipe:Collector #Cold pipeHot pipeCollector 17.34Collector 23.151.5Second floor FU10.455.5Demand (GPM)14.9510.065Size13/4``Plumbing House Fresh Water Pipe SizingFirst and Second Floors Main pipeFloors #Cold pipeHot pipeFirst floor12.66second floor10.455.5FU summation23.0511.5Demand (GPM)20.75915.58Size1.25``1Plumbing Drainage System Pipe DesignSystem Designand Selection

System Design and Selection System DescriptionSystem Design and Selection Boiler selectionSystemHeating loadKWBoiler typeBoiler capacityKWBoiler only34.831R439.2Boiler & solar system23.22Rondo323.5System Design and Selection Solar collector selection(AP-30) modelNumber of tube30Tube length (m)1.98Collector width (m)2.198Absorber area (m)2.4Maximum operating pressure8 barOptimal flow rate0.1 L/min/tubeSystem Design and Selection Solar collector selectionMonth Solar radiation(KWh/m2/day)Heat collected amount(KWh/day)Output heat(Kw)November3.284.4113.22December2.653.5610.68January 2.853.8311.49February3.384.5413.63March5.056.7920.36April6.79.0027.01Note that the collector efficiency is 56% from chapter 2System Design and Selection Radiator selectionDie cast aluminum alloy radiator finger which called ROUNDING will be used.The finger type RA600 give 203 watt per finger.Room TypeRoom load(watt)# Rad FingerFinger per roomRadiator numberLengthMaster bed room 3682.5418.14191152Girls bed room 2925.3714.41151120Boys bed room3628.3017.87191152Kitchen2441.1112.03131104living room & dining room9232.7345.48462368System Design and Selection Radiator piping system1. Using Figure (A1) with flow 0.525 L/s and pressure drop 375 Pa/m the main steel supply and return pipe diameter was (1.25 in).2. The plastic tube diameter between the collector and each radiator was (15 mm).

System Design and Selection 0.617 L/s0.093 L/s0.524 L/s0.278 L/s0.111 L/s0.0778 L/s5 m6 m5 mHeat Exchangers Coils Design By NTU MethodNote that:

System Design and Selection

Pump SelectionTOP-S 25/13 1~ PN 100.093 L/s0.524 L/s0.278 L/s0.111 L/sStar-RS 25/2TOP-S 30/7 1~ PN 10Stratos PICO 25/1-6 130System Design and Selection System Control

Result and Recommendation Result and RecommendationInitial Cost ComparisonResult and RecommendationRunning Cost ComparisonResult and RecommendationPayback periodSystem typeInitial cost ($)Running cost ($/year)heating without using solar 4298.271214.73heating with using solar6802.60728.22Difference2504.33486.51Payback period5.14 YearsRecommendation The End