heavy vehicles accident causation & management...
TRANSCRIPT
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Heavy vehicles accident causation &Management & Prevention of Traffic Accident Risksin Road Passenger and Goods TransportUndertakings
Heavy vehicles accident causation &Management & Prevention of Traffic Accident Risksin Road Passenger and Goods TransportUndertakingsPristina, 23 January 2015
Patrick Philipp - Head IRU Academy
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This is the International Road Transport Union
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Evolution of IRU Membership
1948: eight foundercountries
2014: 170 Members in 75countries2014: 170 Members in 75countries
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1948: eight foundercountries
…and CRIPA: 27 Members+ FESARTA in 38 countries
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Road Safety – a global issue
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Every job depends on road transport
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How to avoid this?
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Road Safety – An IRU TOP Priority
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IRU efforts on improving road safety acknowledged by theUN Road Safety Resolution adopted by the UN GeneralAssembly on April 11, 2014
UN Road Safety Resolution acknowledgesIRU’s contribution to saving lives
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Road Safety – Specific Strategy
The IRU supports all measures thatimprove road safety
ifthey effectively target the main causes
of accidents involving professionalvehicles
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The IRU supports all measures thatimprove road safety
ifthey effectively target the main causes
of accidents involving professionalvehicles
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Which crash causes should be addressed?
Large Truck Crash CausationStudy (LTCCS)
European Truck AccidentCausation (ETAC)
Region• United States
Sample• 963 crashes resulting in a
fatality or injury (2001-2003)
Sponsors• Federal Motor Carrier Safety
Administration (FMCSA)
• National Highway TrafficSafety Administration (NHTSA)
Region• Europe (7 countries)
Sample• 624 crashes resulting in a
fatality or injury (2004-2006)
Sponsors• European Commission
• International Road TransportUnion (IRU)
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Region• United States
Sample• 963 crashes resulting in a
fatality or injury (2001-2003)
Sponsors• Federal Motor Carrier Safety
Administration (FMCSA)
• National Highway TrafficSafety Administration (NHTSA)
Region• Europe (7 countries)
Sample• 624 crashes resulting in a
fatality or injury (2004-2006)
Sponsors• European Commission
• International Road TransportUnion (IRU)
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Accident Analysis ETAC – A Scientific Study
Results confirmedby other studies
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European Truck Accident Causation Study (ETAC) : http://www.iru.org/en_bookshop_item?id=171Large Truck Crash Causation Study (LTCCS): http://ai.fmcsa.dot.gov/ltccs/data/documents/LTCCS_Manual_Public.pdfVolvo European Accident Research: http://www.volvotrucks.com/SiteCollectionDocuments/VTC/Corporate/Values/ART%20Report%202013.pdf
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Focus on Priorities – Road Safety – Main Cause:The Human Factor
Investigation of 624 accidents showed the main causeof the accident is the human error
85.2%
5.3%
5.1%4.4%
Humanfactors
TechnicalFailure
Infrastructurecondition
Weathercondition
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85.2%
5.3%
5.1%4.4%
Humanfactors
TechnicalFailure
Infrastructurecondition
Weathercondition
Source: EU, IRU
However, from the 85.2% linked to human error,75% were caused by other road users!
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ETAC – Accident causes due to the human factor
Accident
Truck and other road user (vehiclesand/or pedestrian)
7,4% Single truck
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27.0% Accident at intersection
20.6% Accident in queue
19.5% Accident dueto lane departure
11.3% Accident afteran overtaking manoeuvre
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Staying focused on the main crash causes
DecisionError: 40%
Physicalfailure: 12%
RecognitionFailure: 29%
Speed &Following distance
Inattention in itsvarious forms
Fatigue(mostly)
14Source: Analysis Brief, LTCCS Summary, FMCSA
Physicalfailure: 12%
RecognitionFailure: 29%
Inattention in itsvarious forms
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Large Truck Crash Causation Study (LTCCS)Percentages for Truck At-Fault Crashes
CR Category Examples %
Driver Physical Failure• Asleep-at-the-wheel• Heart attack• Other physical impairment
12%
Driver RecognitionFailure
• Inattention• Distraction (internal or external)• “Looked but did not see”
29%
Driver Decision Error• Too fast for conditions• Following too closely• Misjudgment or false assumption
40%
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Driver Decision Error• Too fast for conditions• Following too closely• Misjudgment or false assumption
40%
Driver ResponseExecution Error
• Overcompensation• Poor vehicle control/maneuvering• Panic/freezing
6%
Vehicle Failure• Brake failure• Tire failure• Cargo shift
10%
Roadway/ Environment• Road signs/signals missing• Road design• Weather and/or slick roads
3%
DRIVER ERROR = 88%!!!
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Multiple Interacting factors & fauses
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Multiplier effectDriver Factors Associated with Risk
1. Aggressive/angry2. Impatient/impulsive3. Inattentive4. Inexperienced (new driver)5. Unhappy with job/company6. Young (< 25)7. Sleep disorder; e.g., sleep apnea8. Unhappy marriage/family9. Debt/financial problems10. Medical condition; e.g., heart
Personality &Risk Attitudes
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1. Aggressive/angry2. Impatient/impulsive3. Inattentive4. Inexperienced (new driver)5. Unhappy with job/company6. Young (< 25)7. Sleep disorder; e.g., sleep apnea8. Unhappy marriage/family9. Debt/financial problems10. Medical condition; e.g., heart
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Safety Management:Comprehensive and Targeted
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Principal Target toImprove Safety
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Road Safety & Accident Preventionin Road Transport Undertakings
Road safety and accident preventionat the heart of corporate culture
• Organisation
• Human Resources• Commercial• Technical• Drivers• Management & finances
• Procedures
• Rolling stock
• Customer relations
• Insurers’ role
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Road safety and accident preventionat the heart of corporate culture
• Organisation
• Human Resources• Commercial• Technical• Drivers• Management & finances
• Procedures
• Rolling stock
• Customer relations
• Insurers’ role
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Road Safety & Accident Preventionin Road Transport Undertakings
Company organisation:
Key role of companymanager
Personal involvement
Relayed to all companylevels
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Company organisation:
Key role of companymanager
Personal involvement
Relayed to all companylevels
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The most important person/catalyst in road transportsafety – The Transport Manager!
• Driver selection
• Training
• Evaluation
Behavioral management:• Rewards
• Discipline & remediation
• Vehicle technologies & maintenance
• Risk avoidance; e.g., dispatching & routing
Human Resources:
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• Driver selection
• Training
• Evaluation
Behavioral management:• Rewards
• Discipline & remediation
• Vehicle technologies & maintenance
• Risk avoidance; e.g., dispatching & routing
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Road Safety & Accident Preventionin Road Transport Undertakings
Human Resources:• Hiring: Check references,
including road safety record• Continuing education• Prevention of risk behaviours:
• Speeding• Alcohol / hygiene• Excess load• Driving & rest times
Training / informationChecklists / first aidIncident identificationIncident analysis and management
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Human Resources:• Hiring: Check references,
including road safety record• Continuing education• Prevention of risk behaviours:
• Speeding• Alcohol / hygiene• Excess load• Driving & rest times
Training / informationChecklists / first aidIncident identificationIncident analysis and management
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Road Safety & Accident Preventionin Road Transport Undertakings
Business & operating procedures:
ManagementCommercial staffTechnical staffAdministrative & financialstaffDrivers & helpers
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Business & operating procedures:
ManagementCommercial staffTechnical staffAdministrative & financialstaffDrivers & helpers
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Road Safety & Accident Preventionin Road Transport Undertakings
Rolling stock:• Regular maintenance of vehicle fleet
• Identification of each vehicle• Maintenance logbook• Incident logbook (on board)• Periodic servicing schedule• Random checks• Visual and sound checks on each return• Foremen entitled to prevent non-compliant vehicles leaving base
• Fleet renewal schedule & budget
• Protection and first aid equipment on boardand regularly checked
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Rolling stock:• Regular maintenance of vehicle fleet
• Identification of each vehicle• Maintenance logbook• Incident logbook (on board)• Periodic servicing schedule• Random checks• Visual and sound checks on each return• Foremen entitled to prevent non-compliant vehicles leaving base
• Fleet renewal schedule & budget
• Protection and first aid equipment on boardand regularly checked
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Road Safety & Accident Preventionin Road Transport Undertakings
Customer relations:Reducing accident risks is also in the customer’s interest:- IRU General Conditions for the International Carriage of Goods by
Road (3 November 2011)and
IRU General Conditions for the International Carriage of Goods byRoad and Logistic Services (3 November 2011)
- Make clients accountable
- Refuse excess loads- Refuse instructions jeopardising safety (leading to excessive
driving times and/or speeding), ......... .
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Customer relations:Reducing accident risks is also in the customer’s interest:- IRU General Conditions for the International Carriage of Goods by
Road (3 November 2011)and
IRU General Conditions for the International Carriage of Goods byRoad and Logistic Services (3 November 2011)
- Make clients accountable
- Refuse excess loads- Refuse instructions jeopardising safety (leading to excessive
driving times and/or speeding), ......... .
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Road Safety & Accident Preventionin Road Transport Undertakings
The Insurers’ role:Insurers should acknowledge the company’s efforts towardsaccident prevention by:
- Extending profit-sharing- Supporting assistance networks- Reducing or raising deductibles- ……………………………
Please refer to the IRU Guidelines fortransport operators on
insurance matters
(http://www.iru.org/cms-filesystem-action/2009_InsuranceContracts/Guidelines-insurance.E.pdf )
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The Insurers’ role:Insurers should acknowledge the company’s efforts towardsaccident prevention by:
- Extending profit-sharing- Supporting assistance networks- Reducing or raising deductibles- ……………………………
Please refer to the IRU Guidelines fortransport operators on
insurance matters
(http://www.iru.org/cms-filesystem-action/2009_InsuranceContracts/Guidelines-insurance.E.pdf )
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Road Safety & Accident Preventionin Road Transport Undertakings
The key role of public authorities:- Make principals accountable for:
- Excess loads and unsecured loads- Breach of safety rules due to instructions
leading to:- Speeding
- Non-compliance with driving or rest times
- Monitor subcontracting- Banning cut prices which do not cover basic
costs
- Enforce and sanction in an efficient andresolute manner
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The key role of public authorities:- Make principals accountable for:
- Excess loads and unsecured loads- Breach of safety rules due to instructions
leading to:- Speeding
- Non-compliance with driving or rest times
- Monitor subcontracting- Banning cut prices which do not cover basic
costs
- Enforce and sanction in an efficient andresolute manner
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Road Safety & Accident Preventionin Road Transport Undertakings
The key role of public authorities (cont’d):
- Professional qualification requirements- Financial incentives to allow fleet renewal- Incentives to finance driver training and offsetcompany losses during training periods
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The key role of public authorities (cont’d):
- Professional qualification requirements- Financial incentives to allow fleet renewal- Incentives to finance driver training and offsetcompany losses during training periods
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Road Safety & Accident Preventionin Road Transport Undertakings
Consignee
It’s everybody’sbusiness
Public authorities
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Road transport operator
It’s everybody’sbusiness
Consignor / transport organiser
Other road users
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The IRU Academy at a glance
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IRU Academy Programmes
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IRU Academy Interactive Programme onSafe Loading and Cargo Securing
Interactive simulationenvironment
Calculator: Specific and practical advices
Industry referenceguidelines
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Calculator: Specific and practical advices
Latest International Reference Standard
EN 12195-1:2010
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Contribution to Road Safety – IRU Academy
21 Professional Training Programmes
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17 Drivers’ Checklists
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IRU Academy Dangerous Goods(ADR) Programme
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Crash Prevention Programme
1-day classroom-based programme oncrash prevention, compatible with
periodical training format Highly visual
combines simulation playbacks, on-board camera footage,and various videos
Highly practicalEvocative real-life crash cases illustrate the theory
Highly engagingFocus on group discussions and crash case analysis
Story-basedThe course is introduced by the story of a fatal crash, told bythe truck driver
Includes next generation truck simulator software license36
1-day classroom-based programme oncrash prevention, compatible with
periodical training format Highly visual
combines simulation playbacks, on-board camera footage,and various videos
Highly practicalEvocative real-life crash cases illustrate the theory
Highly engagingFocus on group discussions and crash case analysis
Story-basedThe course is introduced by the story of a fatal crash, told bythe truck driver
Includes next generation truck simulator software license
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Industry Best Practices
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Free & Multilingual
http://www.iru.org/en_drivers_checklists
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Focus on Priorities – Defensive/ECO-Driving ?
A Defensive driving module combining technology and the latesttraining techniques that will improve efficiency and safety for thecommercial sector;
Train-the-Trainer & Driver training that have been specificallydesigned for the road transport sector and contribute to: important financial savings in fuel and fleet costs, impact on the reduction of the road risks, accidents and
casualties, significant reduction of CO2 emissions and improve fuel-
efficiency.38
A Defensive driving module combining technology and the latesttraining techniques that will improve efficiency and safety for thecommercial sector;
Train-the-Trainer & Driver training that have been specificallydesigned for the road transport sector and contribute to: important financial savings in fuel and fleet costs, impact on the reduction of the road risks, accidents and
casualties, significant reduction of CO2 emissions and improve fuel-
efficiency.
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