HERA at XXXI CED Kay Fox

Human & Environmental Risk Assessment

Environmental Risk Assessment under HERA: Challenges and Solutions

Kay Fox Chair of the HERA Environmental Task Force

HERA at XXXI CED Kay Fox

C. Poelloth, C. Arregui, J. Backmann - AISE

I. Lopez Petresa C. Stevens Dow CorningG. Boeije P&G R. van Egmond UnileverH. Certa SASOL R. van Wijk Akzo NobelR. Elsmore McBride T. Wind HenkelK. Fox Unilever A. Aarts SolutiaP. Masscheleyn P&G A. Berends SolvayP. Richner CIBA D. Calcinai Condea AugustaW. Schul BASF E. Cerbelaud RhodiaJ. Steber Henkel V. Koch Clariant

R. Toy Shell Chemicals

Environment Task Force

HERA at XXXI CED Kay Fox

Intended for applicationin EUROPE

HERA Environmental Risk Assessmentbased on Technical Guidance Document for New and Existing substances EUSES

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Focus on chemical substances used primarily in Household detergent and cleaning products

Primary Focus on the use and disposalof these substances

Sewer Transport

River

Domestic Emission

On-SiteTreatment

Sewage Treatment

HERA at XXXI CED Kay Fox

Detergent exposure scenario for EUSES

• Begin with EUSES

– Environment• Local• Regional

– Predators exposed via the environment– Man exposed via the environment

TGD

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Detergent exposure scenario for EUSES

• Wide dispersive use, Detergents (5, 9)

• 100% of chemical to sewer (Local Use model)

Productionof

Ingredient

FormulationOf

Product

USEAnd

Disposal

Recovery

HumanHealthEnvironment- LocalEnvironment– Regional

HERA

HERA

HERA

Effectively in HERA

HERA at XXXI CED Kay Fox

Detergent exposure scenario for EUSES

Production

Formulation

Use

Contributions to Regional Environment from Local sources

TGD Default HERA

0.3% 0.3%(1.003) 0 0

0.8% 0.8% 0 0 max max

99% 99% 100% 100%

Bottom line - 100%, within volume determination error

HERA at XXXI CED Kay Fox

Detergent exposure scenario for EUSES

• To cover a “reasonable worst case”, TGD and EUSES assume that– the local wastewater treatment plant receives 4

times the average ingredient input– the Standard EU region receives 10% of the total

European product consumption

• HERA replaces these default assumptions with HERA default values based on measured product consumption and environmental monitoring data - the HERA Detergent Scenario.

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Detergent exposure scenario for EUSES

• Tiered Methodology– Begin with the HERA Detergent scenario– Accept all other EUSES Defaults– Replace selected defaults if necessary

• Removal values in STP• Measured Kd values• Biodegradation rates in rivers, soil, etc.

Often need Chronic ecotoxicity data

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Production

Formulation

Use

Regional Environmental Concentration

20 million people

10% of EU Production

Standard EU Region

200 km

200 km

Release is based on Production Volume

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STD. EURegion

Local treatment plants

Input to local treatment plant is based on the regional production volume.

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Production

Formulation

Use

Detergent Release scenario

Release is based onpopulation density

HERA Region

200 km

200 km

~100% of release Kg/person/year

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The standard EU region has 10% of the EUdetergent consumption - for 5.4% of the EU population.

Region Population Area, km2 # EU Regions Pop. DensityEntire EU 370000000 3560000 89 104Switzerland 7325000 39550 0.99 185Belgium 10213000 32820 0.82 311Paris, Picardie, U. Normandie 14500000 43000 1.08 337

The Netherlands 15739000 33920 0.85 464

EUSES Standard Region 20000000 40000 1.00 500

London and SE +E 20452000 39794 0.99 514Northrhine-Westphalia 17800000 34071 0.85 522

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Detergent consumption per person in eighteen European countries

1998 per capita detergent consumption by country

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

Finl

and

Sweden

Norway

Icel

and

Denm

ark

The

Nethe

rland

s

Austri

a

Germ

any

Switzer

land

Irela

nd UK

Europ

ean

Avera

ge

Greec

e

Belgi

um

Luxe

mbu

rg

Fran

ce

Portu

gal

Spain

Italy

kg

/pe

rso

n/y

ea

r

HERA at XXXI CED Kay Fox

Country Regional % of EU Detergent release USAGE

# EU Pop. usage, Relative in a regionRegion Regions Density kg/person/y to EU Avg.Entire EU 89 104 10.06 1 0.011Switzerland 0.99 185 8.64 1.53 0.017Madrid + All Castilla Leon population 1.00 188 12.40 2.23 0.025Catelonia (Barcelona) 0.80 190 12.40 2.25 0.025Piedmonte + Liguria 0.77 192 12.61 2.32 0.026Berlin + Brandenburg 0.76 198 8.10 1.53 0.017Bremen+ Hamburg + Niedersachsen 1.22 209 8.10 1.62 0.018Baden Wurtemberg 0.89 290 8.10 2.25 0.025Belgium 0.82 311 10.60 3.15 0.035Lombardy + Veneto 1.06 320 12.61 3.85 0.043Paris, Picardie, U. Normandie 1.08 337 11.67 3.76 0.042Campagnia + Lazio 0.77 358 12.61 4.31 0.048Yorkshire +Humber +NW+W Midlands 1.06 405 10.02 3.88 0.043The Netherlands 0.85 464 7.44 3.30 0.037EUSES Standard Region 1.00 500 0.100London and SE +E 0.99 514 10.02 4.93 0.055Northrhine-Westphalia 0.85 527 8.10 4.08 0.046

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• The maximum regional release for detergent ingredients is found in the UK region containing London

• This is 5.5% of total usage, rather than 10%, as in the TGD

• Thus the HERA Detergent release scenario should have 5.5% of the total volume released to the region.

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STD. EURegion

Local treatment plants

Input to local treatment plant is based on the regional use volume.

In EUSES,

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• HERA must give the correct local loading for sewage treatment plants in countries with highest detergent use.

• Italy and Spain have 1.25 times the average EU detergent consumption, per person.

• HERA ensures correct representation of the LOCAL treatment plant, which EUSES derives from the regional consumption, by raising the overall regional background to .055 X 1.25 = 0.07 times the European use volume

Regional detergent Scenario

1998 per capita detergent consumption by country

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

Finl

and

Sweden

Norway

Icel

and

Denm

ark

The

Nethe

rland

s

Austri

a

Germ

any

Switzer

land

Irela

nd UK

Europ

ean

Avera

ge

Greec

e

Belgi

um

Luxe

mbu

rg

Fran

ce

Portu

gal

Spain

Italy

kg

/pe

rso

n/y

ea

r

HERA uses 7%, not 10%, for regional input EUSES

HERA at XXXI CED Kay Fox

• Product use and substance use data are expected to be similar, for most widely used detergent ingredients.

• Each HERA Substance team will consider any areas of high regional usage for their substance, and will modify the HERA regional default if appropriate.

Fragrance F

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STD. EURegion

Local treatment plants

4TGD - Local plant

Release from LOCAL Sewage Treatment facility

A reasonable worst case treatment plantreceives 4 times the average load

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GREAT-ER

GIS model which predicts chemical concentrations of household chemicals in rivers.

Boron used as aconservative tracer,to validate the model.

6 STP influents and effluents

Monthly river water and effluent samples

UK data

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• Measured effluent boron agreed with load calculated from consumer sales volumes (1996, 28 daily composite samples from 6 treatment plants) 0.22 g/person/day

• Boron in effluents: 50 treatment plants– NL 7 – Germany 6 – Italy 3– UK 34 plants

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012

3456

78

0 0.4 0.8 1.2 1.6 2 2.4

Boron measured / Boron calculated

Fre

qu

ency

0%

20%

40%

60%

80%

100%

120%

Frequency

Cumulative %

UK Boron data from 804 grab samples from 34 plants.

Measured to calculated boron :

Mean = 1.04

90%ile < 1.5

Reasonable worst case (90%ile) is 1.5 times the regional average input, not 4 times as in the TGD default scenario.

HERA at XXXI CED Kay Fox

• Boron concentrations in Italy, Germany, and the Netherlands also agreed with the concentrations calculated for the country and year of emission, with the 90%ile of the measured to calculated boron distribution being less than 1.5.

• Thus data from 50 sewage plants, in 4 countries, show that for detergent ingredients in wide general use, such as perborate, a reasonable worst case (90%ile) is 1.5 times the regional average input.

• Paper on the 1.5 factor submitted to Chemosphere. ECETOC submission to TGD revision resulted in change to “up to a factor of 4” in the revised TGD.

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• Each HERA Substance team will consider any areas of high local usage for their substance, and will modify the HERA default for the reasonable worst case sewage treatment plant if appropriate.

HERA at XXXI CED Kay Fox

STD. EURegion

Summary - HERA DefaultsDetergent scenario

Region - 7%, not 10%of ingredient used

1.5

Local sewage treatment - 1.5

is worst case, not 4.

100%, not 99%, of ingredient used goes to the local treatment facility

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Modified Exposure Scenario - HERA

TGD - Worst case (4) (Local STW) times worst case (~2) (10% production tonnage)gives almost 8 times the average ingredient loading to a local sewage treatment plant.

HERA Detergent Scenario - Data backed “worst case” (1.5) for local STWtimes “worst case” (~1.7) regional release based upon product useshows two times the average ingredient loading to a local sewage treatment plant.

HERA will check that the substance use patterns are suitable before using the HERA defaults.

HERA at XXXI CED Kay Fox

Thanks!

• To HERA for providing the Challenges!

• To the HERA Environment task force for help with the Solutions

• To ERASM and the Environment Agency for England and Wales for funding the boron monitoring work

• To the EA and Yorkshire Water employees who collected the samples in all weathers!

• To you for listening!