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kFkZuk&LoxZdks /kjrh ij ykuk

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kFkZuk

LoxZ dks /kjrh

ij ykuk


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kFkZuk

LoxZ dks /kjrh

ij ykuk

,-,y-vkj tkW;l fxy }kjk fyf[kr

ISBN 0-941975-41-X

Copyright 1997

bl ikB;e dk ;k blds fdlh Hkkx dk fdlh dkj dk dkku

fcuk fyf[kr vuefr d vo/k g rFkk elhgh vkpkj lfgrk d fo#) gSA

ikojgkl ifCyfkx

iksLV ckWDl 6969

fcx cvj yd] dSfyQkWfu;k 92315

1-909-584-2956


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y[kd }kjk fy[kh x;h vU; fdrkc

vkidh gj vko;drk ds fy, ijesoj dh frKk;savf/kdkj j[kusdsfy, fu;qDr;hkq dsuke lsckgj fudy!

/kks[ksdsij fot;!

bl J[kyk esikB;efooklh dk vf/kdkj

dSlsgkjuk NksMsvkSj thruk vkjEHk djsaA

fot;h dyhfl;k

sfjrksadsdke iqLrd lsA

paxkbZds fy, ijesoj dk mik;

ijesoj dh paxk djus dh lkeFkZkIr djuk rFkk lsodkbZdjukA

lsodkbZdsojnku

sfjr] Hkfo";}Drk] lqlekpkj pkjd] j[kokys vkSj fk{kdA

vkp;dek ds lkFk lqlekpkj pkj

ijesoj dh ;kstuk foo Hkj esalqlekpkj QSykusdsfy,A

ubZl` f"V dk Lo:i

tkuuk fd vki elhg esa dkSu gSaA

thou thusdh kyh

iqjkusfu;e lsA

Lrqfr vkj vjk/kuk

ijesojdsvkjk/kd cuukA

vkykfdd thou

ifo= vkRek dsojnkuksads}kjkA

v/;;u d fy, dqth

efgek dsfy, NqVdkjk

v/ke lsLorU= gkuk


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ifjp;

,d lQy elhgh thou dsfy, k FkZuk ,d vn~Hk wr lkSHkkX; vkSj lEiw.kZ vko;drk gk srh gSArkSHkh tc ge fofHkUuyksxksalsfeyrsgSa] fl[kyk ds Vsiksadks lqursgSa;k ,d dsckn ,d iqLrdksadksi dk Kku gksrk gS&fofHkUu ifjHkkkk,a HkhA ,d ds fy,] kFkZuk e/;Lrrk gSA rks fdlh vkSj ds fy, ;g ,d

eYy;q) gksrh gSA fdlh vU; rhljsO;fDr dsfy, ;g ijesoj lsckr djuk vkSj mldh ckrksadks lquukA kFkZuk;s lkjh ckrsagSavkSj fQj Hkh ;g vkSj Hkh cgqr dqN gSA

ckfcy dh gj lPpk ,d vU; lR; ij fufe Zr gk srh gS& lkjslR; ds feyusls ckfcy lEiw.kZ gksrh gSA nkn usfy[kk] rsjk lkjk opu lR; gh gSHktulafgrk 119%160Asfjr ikSywl usfy[kk] D;ksafd eSaijesoj dslkjsvfHkk;dksiwjh jhfr lscrkusls u f>>dksfjrksadsdke 20%27A fQj Hkh] gekjslh[kusdk rjhdk vHkh Hkh fNUufHkUu gSaA

bl lPpk ds lkFk geusbl v/;;u ls T;knk fdlh vkSj v/;;u esala?kkZugh fd;k gSA R;sd ikB; iw.kZ lR;kFkZuk dk ,d VqdM+k gSA ge ,d Hkkx dks cl i dksughaik ldrsgSaA kFkZukek= e/;Lrrk ughagSA kFkZuk ek= ijesoj ls ckrksadks lquuk ughagSA kFkZuk ek= ijesoj dh bPNk dksvkxscksyuk ughagSA kFkZuk ek= ijesoj lsekaxuk ughagSA ;g rkslkjh ckrksadk laxzg gSA

ge gekjs thouksa;k /keZfl)kUrksadsfy, gekjs dqN euilUn lR;ksadksvk/kkj ughacuk ldrs gSavk Sj ukg h ckdh

dslR;ksadksutjvankt dj ldrsgSaA mnkgj.k dsfy, ge ijesoj dh lUrku gSavk Sj ;hkqusdgk fd ; fn geekaxsa] rksge ik,axsaA rkSHkh] ;hkqus;g Hkh dgk fd vxj ge iki esagSa] rksgekjh kFkZuk,a ijesoj ugha lqu ldrkgSA ,d lR; dk lh/kk lEcU/k nwljs lR;lsgSA kFkZuk dsij ,d v/;;u esage dsoy vkkhkksaij gh /;ku ughaj[k ldrs gSaA gesamu t:jrksavkSj ftEesofj;ksaij Hkh /;ku nsuk iM+sxk tks ge lsvkisf{kr gksrh gSA gesaviuhmke ;ksX;rkvksavkSj l{kerkvksads }kjk ijesoj dslkjsvfHkk; dksv/;;u djuk gksxkA

okZds ipkr ok Z ] gescM h fgpfdpkgV gk srh jgh Fkh bl fok sk v/;;u lkexzh dk sl a xzfgr djuse s D;k s fd ogk ij

cg qr d qN lh[kusd s fy, vkSj Hkh ckrsg SA ,d okksZa iw.kZ yEcsle; rd fy[ksx;sfooj.kksadsiUuksaij ge yxkrkjdk;Zdjrsjgs gSA vkSj fQj Hkh ge tkursgSafd ;g rkscl kFkZuk ds lEcU/k esa,d ifjp; gh gS& ,d lexzvoyksduA vusd lEiw.kZiqLrdsa kFkZuk ds egklR;ksads fok; esafy[kh x;h gSijUrqLFkku dh deh dh otg lsbUgsaek= ,d ;k nksvuqPNsnksaes geus ;gklatks;k gSA gekjh kFkZuk gSfd ijesoj vkidksbl v/;;u iqfLrdk ds}kjkvxqok nku djsxk vkSj fQj ogk ls ,d lEiw.kZthou ds le;dky esa vki ,d v/;;u vkSj kFkZuk ds u;svuqHkoksadksikusdh vksj vxzlj gksaxsaA

ge lsiwNk x;k gSfd D;k s ge gekjs oLrq fok; esijesojh; opuks d ks kkfey djrs g S & ;fn ge flQZlaxksadks ghmi;ksx esaykrs rks;gk ij cgqr dqN dg ldrs FksA okksZa ds ;kl vkSj lSdM+ksackfcy dsNk=ksalsu djusdsckn geus ;g ik;k fd pUn gh Nk=ksausekuk fd iqLrdksaes fn;sx;slanHkksZdksmUgksaus viusv/;;u dsnkSjku iwjhrjg lsns[kk FkkAge tkursgSafd ;sgekjsopu kCn ughagSa] vkSj ukgh fdlh ys[kd dsfy[ks kCn gSa] ;sthforopu gSaA gekjskCn rksek= ,d NksVk lk ifjp; i= gS mu ckrksadk tks ijesoj usdgk] fd ;g ijesoj dslkjsopu dslkjslR; dk ,d laxzg gSA ijesoj usge ls;g frKk dh gSfd mldk opu O;FkZokfil ughaykSVsxk]fd og lrdZ gS] viusopu ij lf;rk ls og utj j[krk gSfd og viusvfHkk; dksiwjk djsaA ;g ijesoj dkopu gStks gekjs n;ksaesavkuUn vkSj gkksZYykl mRiUudjrk gSA blfy,] ge gj oDr ;kl tkjh j[kk gSfd gemldsopuksaij iwjk egRo MkysaA

mlh idkj l esjk opu Hkh gkxk tks esjseq[k l fudyrk g( og O;Fk Bgjdj ejsikl u ykSVsxk] ijUrq]

tksesjh bPNk gSml og ijk djsxk] vkSj ftl dke d fy; eSus mldksHks tk gSmls og lQy djsxkA

;kk;kg 55%11

rc ;gksok useq> l dgk] r>sBhd fn[kkb iMrk gS ]D;ksfd eSvius opu dksijk dju ds fy;s tkxr gA

;feZ;kg 1%12

tc rsjsopu esjsikl igqp] rc eSus mUgsekuk [kk fy;k] vkS j rjsopu ejs eu d g"kZvk Sj vkuUn dk

dkj.k g,( D;ksfd] gs lsukvk dsijes'oj ;gkok] eSrsjk dgykrk gA

;feZ;kg 15%16


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ys[kd ds fok;e

,- ,y- ,oatkW;l fxy fo'o&fo[;kr oDrk] ys[kd ,oaf'k{kd gSaA ,- ,y- dh sfjrkbZdh lsodkbZmUgsafo'o dsipkl lsvf/kd ns'kksaesays xbZgS] ftlds }kjk mUgksaus,d yk[k lsvf/kd dh HkhM+

dkspkj fd;k ,oa dbZyk[k yksxksadksjsfM;ks ,oanwjn'kZu ds }kjk pkj fd;k gS!

mudh vR;kf/kd #i lsfcdus okyh iqLrd ,oaiqfLrdkvksadh chl yk[k lsvf/kd fr;k la;qDrjkT; esa fcd pqdh gSaA muds ys[k] ftudk vuqokn cgqr lh Hkk"kkvksa esa gks pqdk gS] fo'o Hkj esafofHkUu ckbZcy Ldwyksa,oalsfeukjksaesami;ksx fd;stkrsgSaA

ijes'oj dsopu dsthou cny nsus okys 'kfDr'kkyh lR; tksfd mudslkeFkhZpkj] f'k{kk] ys[k,oafofM;ks,oa vkWfM;ksVsi lsodkbZesaik, tkrs gSa] mUgksausnwljksadsthouksaij vfeV Hkko MkykgSA

ijes'oj dh vn~Hkqr efgek ,oamifLFkfr mudsLrwfr ,oa vkjk/kuk dslsfeukjksa esa vuqHko dh tkrhgS] ftlds }kjk fo'oklh ijes'oj ds lPps ,oa vUrjax vkjk/kd cuus ds jgL;ksa dks [kkstrs gS aAfo'okfl;ksadsvf/kdkj fo"k; ij mudh f'k{kkvksads}kjk cgqr lsyksxksaus fot; ,oa lkgl dh ubZ,oamRlkgtud fn'kkvksadh [kkst dh gSA

fxy yksxksa us cgqr ls fo'okfl;ksa dks mudh viuh ijes'oj nr lsodkbZ;ksa esa vkxs c


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fo"k; lph

v/;k; ,d kFkZuk D;k gS 7

v/;k; nks ewyfk{kk dksle>uk 18

v/;k; rhu ;hkq us kFkZuk dh 30

v/;k; pkj ^^Hkq] gesakFkZuk djuk lh[kk** 40

v/;k; ikp kFkZuk djusls frQy 53

v/;k; Ng ,d lQy kFkZuk dsthou esaosk djuk 68

v/;k; lkr fookl dh ok.kh 83

v/;k; vkB vf/kdkj lskFkZuk djuk 99

v/;k; ukS ijesoj dsn; dh iqdkj 112

v/;k; nl ;fn rqe eq> esa cusjgks 125

vU;Fkk vxj ladsr fd;k x;k gks] bl iqfLrdk es ijesoj ds opuU;wfdax tsEl ojt+u ckcy lsfy, x;s gSaA

Copyright 1979, 1980, 1982, Thomas Nelson Inc. Publishers

BibleThe Amplified (Amp.) Copyright 1965 Zondervan Publishing House.

The New International Bible(NIV) Copyright 1973,1978,1984 International Bible Society.

Use by permission of Zondervan Bible Publishers.


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ik;h x;h oLrqlkexzh

ckfcy dh lHkh kFkZuk,agjcVZykWD;j

t+ksUnsokZu ifCyfkaxgkml

e/;Lrrk djusdh dykdsusFk gsxhugSfjlu gkml

Hkkokkyh rho zrk dh kFkZuk

esjh ,yhl bLyhcesjh ,yhl bLyhc fefuLVhl

e/;Lrrk dh kFkukMV~p khV~ljhxy] xkWliy ykV dk ,d foHkkx

fookl dk thouJherh lh- ut+wejsfM;UV cqDl

lquu dh kFkZuk

esjh :Fk Loksi

ohVsdj gkmlnqeu ds QkVdk ij cy gkuk

flUMh tsdClp+kslu cqDl

opu lskFkuk djuktMlu dkWuZokyf;sku gkml

kFkuk vkj miokl ds}kjk

bfrgkl cukuk

Msfjd fUlysfeax ,p jsosy


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v/;k; ,d

kFkZuk D;k gS\

ifjp;

lokZf/kd kfDrkkyh rkdr

vkt lalkj esa kFkZuk gh lokZf/kd kfDrkkyh rkdr gSA lPphkFkZuk esa loZkfDreku ijesoj dh kfDr dks dk;Zesa ifjf.kr fd;ktkrk gSA rkSHkh] vkt dh ihqdk;k] gekjh [kkl fpUrk ;g Fkh fdgeus dqNsd leL;kvksadksHkqyk fn;k Fkk vkSj mUgsagks ldrk Fkk fdge ijesoj dks ugha crk ik,aA vxys lIrkg] geusa fQj mUghaleL;kvksadks vkSj mUghatokc ikusdh vfHkykkkvksadkslqukA geusmu minzoh r:.kksa ds ckjs esatc rd os cMs ugha gq, ckrsa dhAgeus vaVh fgYMk dsfu/ku gksusrd mudsdSalj dh chekjh dsckjs

esackrsa dhAdyhfl;k dscqysfVu dskFkZuk fuosnuksads[k.M esayxHkx ,d tSlkgh elkSnk lIrkg nj lIrkg ik;k tkrk FkkA geusyxHkx dHkh Hkhviuh kFkZukvksa dk tokc ugha ik;k vkSj d okksZ ds ckn geuskFkZuk lHkkvksa esa tkuk NksM+ fn;kA kFkZuk lHkk,a mck o uhjlgksrh Fkh ftuesaukdkjkRed rjhdslsR;sd dsthou dh leL;kvksadk ft gksrk Fkk vkSj dqN gksrsgq, rhr ughagqvk djrk FkkA

;g v/;;u ds ek/;e ls] kFkZuk ij ,d u;s :ils utj Mkyus dkgekjk ms; gSA vusd ifo= kkL= ds mnkgj.kksa ds }kjk] gelh[ksaxsfd kFkZuk D;k gSvkSj blsdSlsdjsaA

tax [kk dhys

okksZa igys] geus vius jlks?kj dks fQj ls u;k djok;kA lclsigyk dke tks gesadjuk iM+k og Fkk iqjkusdsfcusVksa vkSj dkaVjksadks rksM+uk] ;gka rd fd dqN iqjkuh nhokjksa] Nr vkSj QkZdks Hkhm/ksM+uk iM+kA tc ydM+h iqjkuh gkstkrh gSrcog cgqr l[r gkstkrh gS vkSj muesa Bwdh dhysa] ftUgsa fudkyuk t:jh Fkk] djhcrhu ;k pkj bap yEch FkhA ,d yEck lCcy ykuk iM+k mUgsafudkyusds fy, vkSj tSlsfd muesals dqN dks


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blifj;kstuk ds lekIr gksusds d lIrkg ds ipkr lHkk ds kq:gksuslsigysLrqfrxku ds nkSjku eSusviuh vkRek esa mu tax yxhyEch dhyksa es ls ,d dks fudkyrs gq, ns[kkA eSus oSlh gh rhozvkokt dkslqukA ^^Hkq]** eSus iwNk] ^^;g D;k gS\**

Hkqusdgk] ^^;s osrqEgsokksZals fl[kk;h x;h ckrsagStksxyr gSAmUgsa fudkyus esa dBuk gksrh gS ijUrq mUgsa fudkyk tkuk vfrvko;d gSA**

vk;skFkZuk lstqM+sgekjsfopkjksaesaik;h tkusokyh bu tax yxhdhyksadh tkap djsaA

kFkuk ugh gS

,d ^vfuPNqd* ijeoj lsgekjh vkj lsdke djusds fy,

Hkh[k ekxuk

d kFkZuk,a ,slh rhr gksrh gSa tSls fd yksx ,d vfuPNqdijesoj lsdk;Zdjus dsfy, Hkh[k ekax jgs gksaA os tkursgSa fdijesoj dke dj ldrk gS ijUrqoskadk djrsgSfd mudsbrusv;ksX; gksusds dkj.k ijesoj muds fy, dke djus dh bPNk ughj[krk gSA

ijesoj lsgekjh leL;kvk dk dguk

ge yksxksadks ijesoj ls viuh leL;kvksa dks dgrslqurs Fks &ekuksa fd ijesoj dksbldsckjsesaigys lsirk ugh gS&vkSj fQjge mUgsadgrsgq, lqursgSa fd os mlsmudsfy, D;k lc djusdhvko;drk gSA ;g ,slk xV gksrk gStSls fdosijesoj dks ,d

vfUre :ijs[kk nsjgsgksabl vkkk dslkFk fd og Bhd oSlk ghdjsxkA

;fn ge yxkrkj viuh leL;kvksa ds fy, kFkZuk djrsgSa rc o sgekjseuksaes fokky :i/kkj.k djrh gSaA

ge fdrus;kX; gSbl ckr ls ijeoj dk Hkkfor djuk

d yksx ijesoj dks Hkkfor djus dk ;kl djrs gSa fd ,dO;fDr fdruk ;ksX; gSA ^^ijesoj] esjh us geskk rq>lsse fd;kgSA mlus 20 okZ rd l.Ms Ldwy esa fk{kk nh gSA og ,d HkyhifRu vkSj eka jgh gSA gesamldh t:jr gS] vkSj ge rq>lsdgrsgSafd-----**A ;g kFkZuk vkSj fookl dks,d O;fDr dh Hkyh ekufldrkij vk/kkfjr djuk gSA

ijesoj ds lkFk gekjs lEcU/k ds ckjs e nwljks dk dk;y

djukA

dqN kFkZuk,a ,slh tku iM+rh gS fd ekuksa nwljksa dks ;g trkusdk;y djus ds fy, dh tk jgh gS fd kFkZuk djus okys dkijesoj ds lkFk fdruk egku lEcU/k gSA

kdk vkj vfookl dh vfHkO;fDr

gekjh ijEikfjd dyhfl;k esacgqr lh kFkZuk,akadk vkSj vfookldh vfHkO;fDr;ka rhr gksrh gSaA tSlsfd ge nwljksadkscrkrsgSa fd


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ckrsa fdruh [kjkc Fkh okLro esage mu yksxksadksJkfir djrsgSaftlls ge se djrs gSaA tc ge yksxksa ls vyx&vyx ckrksadsfy, kFkZuk djusdks dgrsgSa] geus Qkyrwxiki dh FkhA ^^eSarqels;g dg jgk gwa rkfd vki tkusakFkZuk dSlsdjuh gS(** ;g cgqrlsokkkZykiksadsfy, ;g ,d Lkkouk cukA

ftlsge kFkZuk dgrs Fksog mu cqjk;ksadh ekSf[kd lwph Fkh ftUgsage gekjs pkjksa vksj ikrs FksA kFkZuk djusdh ctk;] geus ?kUVksaHkfDre; fpUrkvksa esaviuk le; O;rhr fd;k FkkA

kFkuk gS

;gk ij kFkZuk dsd k:iik;stkrsgSaA djhc mrusgh k:igSftrusdh elhgh yksx vkSj ifjfLFkfr;kagSA ,d k:i^lgh* ugh gSvkSj ,d vU; ^xyr*A ,d k:inwljslscsgrj ugh gSA ijesojpkgrk gSfd ge mldh vxqokesalHkh dkj dh kFkZukvksaesafHkUu

fHkUu le;ksa ij dk;Zkhy gksaAkFkZuk dsfy, ifo= kkL= esavusd fHkUu fHkUu kCnksa dks mi;ksx esayk;k tkrk gSA

ijeoj lsckrphr djuk

elhgh thou esakFkZuk vfHkO;fDr dk ,d lclsljy rjhdk gSA;g ijesoj lsckrsadjuk gSA ;g ,d fooklh ls ckyd dh ukfookliw.kZeu dh xgjkbZ ls ijes'oj firk ds uke dks QqlQqlkukgks ldrh gSA

xykfr;k 4%6 vkSj rqe tk iq= gk] blfy;sijes'oj usvius iq= ds

vkRek dk] tk gsvCck] gs firk dgdj iqdkjrk g] gekjs n; es

Hktk gSA

ekxuk ;k ,d fou; djuk

kFkZuk vko;d vkkhkksadksijesoj lsekaxuk gksrh gS ;k mldsfr gekjh xgjh bPNk,avkSj rM+iiw.kZykylkvksadh vfHkO;fDr gksrhgSA

1 bfrgkl 4%10 vkj ;kcsl usblzk,y dsije'oj dk ;g dgdj

iqdkjk] fd Hkyk gkrk] fd rweq>s lpeqp vk'kh"k nsrk] vkSj ejk ns'k

cs cqjkbZls ,slk cpk

j[krk fd eSml ls ihfMr u gkrk vkj tksdqN ml usekaxk] og

ijes'oj u mls fn;kA

;hkq usdgk gesaekaxuk gSA

ekh 21%22 vkj tk dqN rqe izkFkuk e fo'okl lsekxksxs og lc

rqe dk feysxkA

;wgkk 16%23c] 24e rqe lslp lp dgrk g] ;fn firk ls dqN

ekxksxs] rksog esjsuke lsrq EgsnsxkA vc rd rqe usesjsuke ls

dqN ugh ekxk( ekxk rk ikvkxs rkfd rqEgkjk vkuUn iwjk gk tk,A


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fuosnu djuk

^isVhku* fuosnu kCn dk vFkZlgk;rk dsfy, xqgkj yxkuk gksrkgSA tc ge ijesoj ls fuosnu djrsgSa] ge bl ckr dks ekursg Sfd ge viuh t:jrksadks iwjk djusesavleFkZgwavkSj ijesoj dh

lgk;rk ij ge iwjh rjg lsfuHkZj gSA1 ke,y 1%17,yh usdgk] dq'ky lspyh tk( blk,y dk ije'oj

rq>s eu pkgk oj nsA

feUur djuk

kFkZuk vuqu; fou; djuk gksrh gSftldk vFkZuezrk vkSj xEHkhjrkds lkFk ekaxuk gSA

1 jktk 8%33 rc rw Lox eslqu dj] vFkkr~viusnklksdk U;k;

djdsnq "V dk nq"V Bgjk vkj mldh pky mlh ds flj ykVk ns ]

vkSj funk"k dk funk"k Bgjkdj] mlds/keZds vuqlkj mldksQy

nsukA

fourh djuk

kFkZuk dk ,d :i fourh ;k ;kpuk djuk Hkh gks ldrk gS tksvfr xEHkhjrk dslkFk dh tkrh gSA

fuxeu 8%8c rd fQjku us ewlk vkj gk:u dks cqyokdj dgk]

^^;gkok lsfcurh djk fd og e lsvkS j esjh iztk ls

nwj djs----**

e/;Lrrk djuk

kFkZuk e/;Lrrk djuk gksrk gStkslkekU;r% nwljksadh vksj ls dhtkrh gSA

;kk;kg 53%12 bl dkj.k eS mls egku yksxk ds lax Hkkx nwxk]

vkSj] og lkefFk;k dslax yV ckV yxk( D;kfd mlus viuk iz k.k

e`R;qds fy;sm.Msy fn;k] og vijkf/k;k ds lax fxuk x;k( rkHkh

ml us cgrk dsiki dk ck> mB fy;k] vkj] vijkf/k;k ds fy;

fcurh djrk gA

vjk/kuk dk dk;Z

dkfkrokD; dh iqLrd esa] kFkZuk dks /kwi }kjk lEcksf/kr gh ughafd;k x;k ijUrq ;g /kwi dh cfy dslkFk Hkh dh tkrh gSA /kwi dkstykuk vjk/kuk dk ,d dk;Zgksrk gStks ifo= yksxksa dh kFkZukvksadk frfuf/kRo djrh gSA

dkfkrokD; 5%8 vkSj tc ml usiqLrd y yh] rk os pkjk izk.kh

vkSj pkchlk izkphu ml eEusds lkEgus fxj iM+ ( vkSj gj ,d ds

gkFk es oh.kk vkj /ki ls Hkjs gq, lksusdsdVkjs Fks ] ;s rk ifo=

ykxk dh izkFkuk,agA

fdruh vn~Hkwr ;g ckr gS fd ifo= yksxksadh kFkZukvksa dks LoxZesa

lksusds dVksjksa es j[kk tkrk gSA dkSu lh kFkZuk,a gStkslEHkkydj j[kus ds ;ksX; gksrh gS\ fup; ;s kFkZuk,a xyfr;ksa] ikiksa]


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fkdk;rksa] fpUrk vkSj LokFkhZiu dh ,d yEch lwph ugh gksrh gSAoju~ ql ij yVds ;hkq dh kFkZuk ds leku dh tkus okyhkFkZuk,agksrh gSaA

ydk 23%34v rc ;h'kqus dgk( ^^g firk] bUg {kek dj] D;kfd ;s

tkurs ugh fd D;k dj jg gSA**

vo; gSfd kghn gksjgsfLrQqul dh kFkZuk dksvjk/kuk ds,ddk;Zds:i esalqjf{kr j[kk x;k gksxkA

sfjrk ds dke 7%59] 60 vkj os fLrQuql dk iRFkjokg djrs jgs]

vkSj og ;g dgdj izkFkuk djrk jgk( fd g izHkq ;h'kq] ejh vkRek

dk xzg.k djA fQj ?kqVu Vsddj aps'kCn lsiqdkjk] g izHk] ;g

iki mu ij er yxk] vkj ;g dgdj lksx;kA

,d lok

ijesoj lsmldsyksxksadsfy, kFkZuk djuk okLro esamldsfy,,d lsok dk;ZgSA

ydk 2%37og pkjklh o"k lsfo/kok Fkh% vkj efUnj dk ugha NkM+rh

Fkh ij miokl vkSj izkFkuk dj djds jkr&fnu mikluk fd;k

djrh FkhA

sfjr ikSywl us bikl ds ckjsesafy[kk fd og cM+s ;Ru ds lkFkkFkZuk djrk FkkA

dqyfLl;k 4%12 bikl tk rqe esls gS ] vkSj elhg ;h'k dk nkl

gS] rqe ls ueLdkj dgrk gS vkj lnk rq Egkjs fy;s iz kFkukvk es

iz;Ru djrk gS] rkfd rqe fl) gkdj iw.k fo'okl dslkFk ije'oj

dh bPNk ij fLFkj jgksA

ijeoj dslkFk lgHkkfxrk

ijesoj usvkne vkSj gOok dksjpk fd osmldslkFk lgHkkfxrkdjsaA tc rd fd iki dk osk ugh gqvk] ijesoj fnu dsB.Msle; esa /kjrh ij mrj dj mudslkFk ?kwek fQjk djrk FkkA mlfnu lsvHkhrd] gjsd euq; dseu ,d xgjh bPNk jgh gSfd ogijesoj ds lkFk ?kwek vkSj ckr fd;k djsA

kFkZuk ijesoj dslkFk lgHkkfxrk gSA tSls fd ijesoj euq; ls

viusopu vkSj viuh vkRek }kjk ckr djrk gS] euq;kFkZuk esijesoj ds lkFk ckrphr djrk gSA

lgHkkfxrk dk vFkZ gksrk gS gekjs xgjs fopkjksa] ykylkvksa vkSj,glklksadks ,d nwljs dslkFk ckaVukA bldk rkRi;Z,d nks&rjQkokkkZyki djuk gSA

D;k vkius dHkh fdlh ,sls,d O;fDr dslkFk le; O;rhr fd;k gStks geskk viuh ukSdjh] ifjokj] ?kj] dkj] leL;kvksa bR;kfn tSlhuhft ckrksadks fcuk :dsdjrk gks] vkSj vkidsckjs esafdlh ckrdks tkuus esa tSls fd vkids fopkj ;k ,glkl vkfn fcydqybPNqd ugha Fkk\ dqN le; ckn vkius;g lkspuk kq: fd;k fdvki D;ksaml oDr ogk ij FksA


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Bhd blh rjg ge esa ls cgqr ls yksx ijesoj dslkFk O;ogkjdjrs gSaA gekjs ikl viuh ckrksa dh ,d lwph gksrh gS ftldsvuqlkj ge dke djrsgSavkSj ijesoj ls,d rjQk ckrphr fd;kdjrs gSaA fQj tSls gh ijesoj viuh ckr kq: djrs gSa rc gesayxrk gS fd vc gekjk le; [kRe gksx;k gSvkSj ge tYnh lsijesoj dsikl lsgV tkrs gSaA ijesoj dslkFk lgHkkfxrk djusds fy,] gesamlls ckr djuh gksxh vkSj mUgsa Hkh gelsckr djusdk ekSdk nsuk gksxkA

,d vUrghu lph

gekjk ijesoj vUrghu fofHkUurk dk ,d ijesoj gS& ;gka rdfd nks fgeyo dHkh ,d leku ugh gksrsgSaA gekjs }kjk kFkZuk djusds rjhdsHkh vUrghu gksrsgSaA

Hktulafgrk kFkZuk dsij ,d vn~Hkwr iqLrd gSvkSj ;g dgrh gS

fd kFkZuk ijesoj lsxqgkj yxkus] ijesoj dks iqdkjus] ijesojdk bartkj djus vkSj ijesoj dh vksj gkFkksadks mBkusdslekugksrh gSA

kFkZuk,a d dkj dh gksrh gS & lgefr dh kFkZuk] fookl]NqVdkjs] eYy;q)] vf/kdkj vkSj vU; dkj dh kFkZuk,aA lHkh lPphkFkZuk,aijesoj dkslUu djrh gSaA

uhfropu 15%8c ------ijUr og lh/k ykxk dh izkFkuk lsizl gksrk

gSA

,d ljy ifjHkkkk

vk;s,d ljyre kFkZuk dh ifjHkkkk ij fopkj djsaAkFkuk ijeoj ds lEe[k ,d ifjfLFkfr dk j[kuk] mldsmkj dks

lquuk] vkSj ml ifjfLFkfr e ijesoj dh bPNk dk dguk gkrh gA

kFkuk iFoh ij Lox dk mrkjrh gSA

kFkuk dh nksHkkkk;s

vkRek & le>

ikSywl sfjr us kFkZuk djus dh nks Hkkkkvksa dk mYys[k fd;k &vkRek lsvkSj le> dslkFkA

1 dq#afFk;k 14%14] 15vblfy;s;fn e vU; Hkk"kk e iz kFkuk d:a] rks

esjh vkRek izkFkuk djrh g] ijUrqes jh cqf) dke ughansrhA lks D;k

djuk pkfg,\ e vkRek lsHkh iz kFkuk d:axk] vkSj cqf) lsHkh iz kFkZuk

d:axkA

ikSywl usvkRek lskFkZuk dh vkSj fQj mlusle> dslkFk kFkZukdhA D;k bldk vFkZgSfd mlus ,d ;k nwljsrjhds lskFkZuk dh];k fd igysmlusvkRek ls kFkZuk dh vkSj fQj le> dslkFk\

bfQfl;ksaesa] mlus gekjs;q) dsgfFk;kjksadsckjsesafy[kk] vkSj fQjvdlj ge viuh le> esa oghaij Bgj dj jg tkrs gSaA rkSHkh] ogh

lax esacgqr dqN kFkZuk dslEcU/k esaHkh fy[kk x;k gSA


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bfQfl;k 6%17&20vkSj m)kj dk Vki] vkSj vkRek dh ryokj tks

ijes'oj dk opu g] y yksA vkj gj le; vkj gj izdkj lsvkRek

esiz kFkuk] vkj fcurh djrs jgk] vkSj blh fy; tkxrsjgks ] fd lc

ifo= ykxk dsfy; yxkrkj fcurh fd;k djkA vkj es js fy; Hkh]

fd eq>sckyusds le; ,slk izcy opu fn;k tk,] fd e fg;ko ls

lqlekpkj dk Hkn crk ldwftl dsfy; eStathj lstdM+k gvk

jktnr gA vkSj ;g Hkh fd e ml ds fo"k; e tSlk eq>s pkfg,

fg;ko lsckyA

ikSywl sfjr us dgk fd gesam)kj ds Vksi vkSj vkRek dh ryokjvFkkZr ijesoj dsopu dksviuslkFk ysuk vkSj vkRek esakFkZukdjuk gSA D;ksa\ bls mlus uhftdj.k fd;kA **fd eq>s cksyus dsle; ,slk cy opu fn;k tk,---fd eSmlds fok; esatSlk eq>spkfg;slkgl lscksywA**

tc ge ijesoj dk opu ysrs gSa vkSj vkRek esa kFkZuk djrs gSa]

gekjh le> Qynk;h gkstkrh gSA gekjs euksaes ijesoj lsdkkukIr gksrs gSaA gekjseuksaesadkk vkrk gSvkSj fQj ge lkgl dslkFk vkSj gekjh le> dslkFk lgh kFkZuk dj ldrs gSaA

ifo= vkRek gekjs vUnj

vuqxzg vkSj feUur

tc tdZ;kg usifo= vkRek dsvkus dh Hkfo;}k.kh dh] rc mlusifo= vkRek dk gokyk vuqxzg dh vkRek vkSj feUur kFkZukfl[kkusokyhdh vkRek ds uke lsfd;k & ijesoj dh ik ftldsge ;ksX; ugh vkSj kFkZuk ftlds ge ;ksX; ughA

tdZ;kg12% 10v vkSj eSnkn ds ?kjkusvkSj ;:'kye ds fuokfl;ks

ij viuk vuqxzg djusokyh vkj izkFkuk fl[kkusokyh vkRek

m.Msyxk]----**

fd ge tku ik,a

ikSywl sfjr usfy[kk]

1 dq:afFk;k 2%12] 14ijUrqge us lalkj dh vkRek ugh] ijUrq og

vkRek ik;k gS] tk ije'oj dh vkj ls gS ] fd ge mu ckrk dks

tkus] tksije'oj us gesnh gSA

ijUrq'kkjhfjd euq "; ije'oj dsvkRek dh ckrsxzg.k ugh djrk]

D;kfd osml dh n` f"V e ew[kZrk dh ckrsgS ] vkSj u og mUg tku

ldrk g D;kfd mu dh tkp vkfRed jhfr lsgksrh gSA

sfjr ;wgkk usfy[kk]

;wgkk 16%13 ijUrqtc og vFkkr~ lR; dk vkRek vk,xk] rks rq Egs

lc lR; dk ekx crk,xk] D;kfd og viuh vkj ls u dgxk]

ijUrqtks dqN lqusxk] ogh dgxk] vkj vkusokyh ckrsrqEg crk,xkA

vkREkk esakFkZuk djuk

;gwnkdh iqLrdesge ikrsgSa]


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;gnk 1%20 ij g fiz;k rqe vius vfr ifo= fo'okl e viuh

mUufr djr g, vkj ifo= vkRek e izkFkuk djrsgq,A

ikSywl us fy[kk]

bfQfl;k 6%18 ,u-vk-ohvkSj gj le; vkSj gj izdkj lsvkRek es

izkFkZuk] vkj fcurh djrs jgk] vkj blhfy;stkxr jgk] fd lc

ifo= ykxksds fy;syxkrkj fcurh fd;k djkA

loky ;g mBrk gSfd & D;k ge gekjh kfrd Hkkkk esavkRek esakFkZuk dj ldrsgSa\ gk ;g lEHko gSA ge tkursgSa fd ge blsdj jgsgSatc ge Lo;adks kFkZuk djrslqursgSmu ckrksadsfy,ftUgsage tkursugh gSaA

igyh ckj tc ,slk esjs lkFk gqvk Fkk( eSa ,d lgdehZ ds lkFkkFkZuk dj jgk Fkk rc eSaus fnokfy;siu dks gVk;s tkus ds fy,lkeFkZlsHkjdj vkKk nsusdh kFkZuk kq: dhA eSusLokHkkfod :i

ls;g dHkh ughatkuk Fkk fd og dHkh fnokfy;siu dh fkdkj jghgSA tc eSuskFkZuk djuk lekIr fd;k] ge us ,d nwljsdh vksjns[kkA eSalksp jgh Fkh] ^^D;k ;fn ;gka fnokfy;kiu u gksA** gekjsigys kCn Fks] ^^eq>s irk ugha Fkk fd og fnokfy;siu ds ckjs esatkurh FkhA**

kFkZuk vkSj ifo= vkRek dsojnku

;g cM+k gh kfDrkkyh le; gksrk gStc ge kFkZuk djrs gSavkSjifo= vkRek dsojnkuksadks gekjsvUnj vkt+knh ls cgus nsrs gSaAlkekU;r% ge mu ckrksa dsfy, kFkZuk djrsgSa ftUgsa kfrd Kku

lsge ugha tkursgSavkSj ;g rc gksrk gStc ge dqN le; vkRekesakFkZuk & vU; Hkkkk esacksyus& esaO;rhr dj pqdsgksrsgSaA ;gKku gesavU; Hkkkkvksadks vkSj mldsvuqokn dkstkuus dsojnku]Kku dsopu ;k cqf)ekk dsopu dstfj;s kIr gksrk gSA

tc ge vpkud ls dqN ckrksa dks tkursgSa ftUgsage igysdHkhughatkurs Fksrc ifo= vkRek ds ojnku dk;Zdjus yxrsgSaA gevPNh rjg tkurs gSafd gesadSlskFkZuk djuh gS] vkSj D;ksafd vHkhvHkh geus uhftrkSj ls bl ifjfLFkrh ds ckjs esa lquk gS] gekjkfookl vkykSfdd :ils n`< gks tkrk gSA tc ge fookl dsojnkuksaesadke djrs gSa] vkp;ZdeZgksusyxrs gSaA

vkgsaHkjuk ftlskCnksaesac;ku ugh fd;k tk ldrk gS

ikSywl sfjr usfy[kk]

jksfe;k 8%26] 27 blh jhfr lsvkRek Hkh gekjh nqcZyrk e lgk;rk

djrk g] D;kfd ge ugh tkurs] fd izkFkuk fdl jhfr lsdjuk

pkfg,( ijUrqvkRek vki gh ,slh vkg Hkj Hkjdj tk c;ku lsckgj

gS] gekjs fy; fcurh djrk gA vkj euk dk tkpusokyk tkurk g]

fd vkRek dh eulk D;k gS\ D;kfd og ifo= ykxk ds fy;s

ijes'oj dh bPNk dsvuqlkj fcurh djrk gSA


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D;k vkids lkFk ,slk dqN dHkh ?kVk gS ftlds dBksj vk?kkr dksfdlh Hkh jhfr lsvki kCnksaesac;ku ughadj ldrs Fks\ kkjhfjd:ils] vki viuh dqlhZij fudsckgj] vkidsvkSj ijesoj dse/; ,d ckrphr dk dk;Zgqvk FkkA ;gh vkgsa Hkjuk gksrk gStkskCnksadsek/;e lsc;ku ughagks ldrkA ifo= vkRek vkids fy,bl dk;Z djrk gS] vkSj fQj vki viusvUrZeu dh xgjk ls vkusokyh kkfUr dkseglwl djuk kq: djrs gSaA

thou ty dslksrsvkSj ufn;ka

;g fookfl;ksads vUnj ifo= vkRek ds cgko gS ftlds fok; esa;wgkk ckrsadj jgk Fkk tc mlusfy[kk]

;wgkk 7%38] 39v ,u-vk-oh og tk eq> ij fookl djrk gS&og

tk eq> ls fyiVk jgrk g vkSjeq> ij Hkjklk j[krk g vkSje>

ij fuHkj jgrk gStSlk opu us dgk gS] mldsvUnj lsthou ty

ds lkrsvkSjufn;k fujUrj cgxhA ijUrq;gk og ifo= vkRek ds

ckjses ckrsdj jgk FkkA----

kFkuk dk egRo

egku~re lkHkkX; kokf/kdkj

kFkZuk elhgh thou dk egkure kokf/kdkj kFkZuk gksrh gS vkSj

kokf/kdkjftEeokjh dks ykrk gSaA kFkZuk dstokc esa ge vkkhkksadksikrsgSavkSj ^^tks dqN**] ^^dqN Hkh** vkSj ^^lc dqN** tSlh frKk,amuds fy, gStkskFkZuk djrsgSaA ijesoj us vius yksxksadks ,dlqUnj volj fn;k gSfdos nwljksadsthou vkSj viusfy, vkkhkksadks vf/kdkj lsekax ldrs gSaA fdruh lqUnj ftEesokjh gekjs ikl gS]vkSj mu yksxksavkSj gekjsfy, tks kFkZuk ughadjrsgSa ;g fdrukcM+k uqdlku gSA

;hkqu dgk kFkuk djk

;hkq usdgk fd gesakFkZuk djuh gSA

ekh 6%6 ijUrqtc rwiz kFkuk djs] rksviuh dkBjh e tk( vkS j }kj

cUn dj dsvius firk lstk xqIr e gSiz kFkuk dj( vkSj rc rsjk

firk tk xIr esns[krk g] rq>sifrQy nsxkA

;hkq usdgk ;g ugha dgk] ^^;fn rqe kFkZuk djks**A mlusdgk]^^tc rqe kFkZuk djks**A mlus eku fy;k Fkk fd psys vkSj gekFkZuk djsaxsaA

egku~O;fDr;ksu kFkuk dh

ckfcy dk R;sd in vkSj ?kVuk dsihNs,d dkj.k gSvkSj geus

vczkge] ewlk] ,yhkk] ,fYy;kg] fgTtfd;kg] ;feZ;kg] nkfu;y]


18/139



;ksuk] eu~kS] ugsfEe;kg] ;kcst+] bikl] ikSywl vkSj lclsegRoiw.kZ] ;hkqdh kFkZuk dks ckfcy esafy[kk ik;k gSA

kjfEHkd dyhfl;k u kFkZuk dh

Fke dyhfl;k esa] kFkZuk dk ,d cM+k egRoiw.kZLFkku FkkA

sfjrk ds dke 1%14 ;slc dbZ fL=;k vkS j ;h'k dh ekrk efj;e

vkSj mldsHkkb;ksds lkFk ,d fpk gkdj iz kFkuk e yx jgsA

sfjrk dsdke 2%42 vkSj osiz fjrk lsf'k{kk ikus] vkj laxfr j[kuses

vkSj jkVh rkM+use vkj iz kFkZuk djus e ykSyhu jgA

sfjrk dsdke 12%5] 12 lk cUnhxg esirjl dh j[kokyh gk jgh

Fkh( ijUrqdyhfl;k mldsfy; yk yxkdj ije'oj ls iz kFkuk dj

jgh FkhA

vkSj ;g lkpdj] og ml ;gUuk dh ekrk efj;e ds ?kj vk;k] tks

ejdql dgykrk gS( ogkacgqr yksx bds gkdj izkFkuk dj jg FksA

sfjrk ds dke 13%1] 3 vUrkfd;k dh dyhfl;k e fdrus

Hkfo";}Drk vkj mins'kd Fk( ----- rc mUgkus miokl vkj iz kFkuk

djdsvkj mu ij gkFk j[kdj mUg fonk fd;kA

lkj & kFkuk D;k g

kFkZuk ,d vfuPNqd ijesoj ls gekjs fy, dqN djus gsrw Hkh[kekaxuk ugh gSA ukgh ;g og le; gS fd ge ijesoj ls viuhleL;kvksadk ft djsaA ukgh kFkZuk djuk viuh ;k fdlh vkSjdh ;ksX;rk dsckjsesaijesoj dks jkth ;k Hkkfor djuk gksrh gS

ftlds}kjk ge viuh vkfRedrk dksnwljksa ij tkfgj djrsgSaAkFkZuk ijesoj dslkFk lgHkkfxrk dk le; gS& mllsckrsa dju sdk vkSj mlds tokcksadkslquusdk( Bhd mlh rjg tSls fd gefdlh ,d lqUnj vkSj ikyq fe= ls okkkZyki djsaxsaA kFkZuk ogle; gksrk gS tc ge viuh vkSj nwljksa dh t:jrksa dks ysdjijesoj ds lehi vkrs gSaA

ijesoj usgesakFkZuk djus ds nks rjhdsnku fd;sgSa& vkRek dslkFk vkSj le> ds lkFkA mlus gesa ;g leFkZrk nh gS fd gevkRek esa gksdj ml le; rd kFkZuk dj ldrs gS tc rd fd

gekjh le> dkkeku u gks tk,] rkfd ge ijesoj dh bPNk dksgekjh ifjfLFkfr;ksaesdgus ik,A

kFkZuk ,d fooklh dk lkSHkkX; vkSj ftEesokjh nksuksagSA

iufoZpkj ds fy, loky

1- ckfcy dsnks opuksadsmi;ksx lsviuh ckr dslg;ksx esavki kFkZuk dh viuh ,difjHkkkk dksfy[ksaA

2- ikSywl sfjr }kjk crk;h x;h kFkZuk dh nks Hkkkk,a dkSu lh gS\ o.kZu djsa fd nksuksa,d

lkFk dSlsokfgr gksrh gSa\3- kFkZuk vkids fy, D;ksaegRoiw.kZo vko;d gSa\


19/139



v/;k; nks

ewyfk{kk dksle>uk

,d Hkkokkyh kFkZuk djuslsiwoZ] gesa;g tkuuk gksxk fd dkSukFkZuk dj ldrk gS& elhg esage dkSu gSa& vkSj gekjs vf/kdkjD;k gSA

dku kFkuk dj ldrk g

m)kj dh ,d kFkZuk & ijesoj ds iq= vFkkZr ;hkqesafookl dh]geskk lquh tkrh gSA lyhc ij yVds Mkdw us kFkZuk dh vkSjmldk tokc ik;kA

ydk 23%42] 43 rc ml usdgk( g ;h'k] tc rwvius jkT; es

vk,] rksesjh lqf/k ysukA

ml usml lsdgk] eSrq> lslp dgrk g( fd vkt gh rwesjs

lkFk Loxykd e gkxkA

pqaxh ysusokysuskFkZuk dh vkSj mldh lquok gq;hA

ydk 18%13 ijUrq pqxh ysusokys us nwj [kM+ gksdj] LoxZdh vkj

vk[k mBkuk Hkh u pkgk] cju viuh Nkrh ihV&ihVdj dgk( gs

ijes'oj e> ikih ij n;k djA

ijesoj dh lUrkuksads ikl kFkZuk :ih ,d vn~Hkwr kf/kdkj ik;k

tkrk gSA kFkZuk }kjk gesa ijesoj rd igqapus dk vf/kdkj gSAvk;sge dqN mu mnkgj.kksadksns[ksafd tgka ij opu dsvuqlkjdkSu kFkZuk dj ldrsgSavkSj fQj ge ijesoj lskIr LFkku vkSjvf/kdkj dk v/;;u djsaxsaA

ckfcy l fy, x;smnkgj.k

tkfr lsdqN vUrj ughaiM+rk gSA vkfFkZd lQyrk Hkh dks ek;usugha j[krh gSA ijesoj gjsd euq; dh lqurk gS tksmldksukeysdj iqdkjrk gS] osyksx tksviusdks uez cukrs gSa] osyksx tksmlesavkufUnr gksrs gSa] yksx tks viusekxZ Hkq dks lefiZr djrsgSaA

ijesoj ds tu

2 bfrgkl 7%14rc ;fn esjh iztk dsykx tk ejs dgykrs gS] nhu

gkdj izkFkZuk djsvkS j ejsn'ku ds[kksth gksdj viuh cqjh pky ls

fQjs] rk eS Lox esls lqudj mudk iki {kek d:axk vkSj muds

ns'k dk T;k dk R;k dj nwxkA

ostks ijesoj esavkufUnr gksrsgSa

Hktu lafgrk 37%4 ;gkok dksviuslq[k dk ey tku] vkj og rsjs

eukjFkk dk iwjk djsxkA


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ostks ml ij Hkjkslk j[krs gSa

Hktu lafgrk 37% 5viusekx dh fpUrk ;gksok ij NkM+( vkj ml

ij Hkjklk j[k] ogh iwjk djsxkA

uezyksxHktu lafgrk 10%17g ;gksok] rwusue ykxks dh vfHkyk"kk lquh g(

rwmudk eu rS;kj djsxk] rw dku yxkdj lqusxk

xjhc vkSj fulgk;

Hktu lafgrk 69%33v D;ksfd ;gksok nfjnzksdh vkj dku yxkrk]----

Hktu lafgrk 102%17 og ykpkj dh izkFkZuk dh vkj eqg djrk gS]

vkSj mudh izkFkuk dk rqPN ugh tkurkA

nq[k Hkksxusokys

;kdwc 5%13v ;fn rqe e dksbZnq[kh gk rk og izkFkZuk djsA

mRihfM+r yksx

;kk;kg 19%20 og feJ ns'k e lsukvk ds;gkok dsfy; fpUg vkj

lk{kh Bgjsxk( vkj tc os va/ksj djusoky ds dkj.k ;gkok dh nkgkbZ

nsxs] rc og mudsikl ,d m)kjdrkZ vkj j{kd Hktsxk] vkj mUgs

eqDr djsxkA

;kdwc 5%4 ns[kk] ftu etnwjk us rq Egkjs [kr dkVs ] mu dh og

etnwjh tk rqe us /kk[kk nsdj j[k yh g fpYyk jgh g] vkj

yousokyk dh nksgkbZ] lsukvk dsiz Hkqdsdkuk rd igp xbZ gSAfo/kok,avkSj firkghu yksx

fuxeu 22%22] 23fdlh fo/kok ok vukFk ckyd dk nq%[k u nsukA

;fn rqe ,slk dks fdlh izdkj dk nq%[k nk] vkj os dqN Hkh esjh

nksgkbZns ] rk e fu'p; mudh nksgkbZlquwxkA

cqf) dh deh okys

;kdwc 1%5 ij ;fn rqe es ls fdlh dk cq f) dh ?kVh gk] rks

ijes'oj lsekax] tks fcuk mykguk fn, lc dk mnkjrk ls nsrk g(

vkSj ml dk nh tk,xhA

lR; ds[kksth

sfjrk dsdke 10%30] 31dqjusfy;ql usdgk( fd bl ?kM+h iwjs pkj

fnu g,] fd e vius?kj esrhljsigj dk iz kFkuk dj jgk Fkk( fd

ns[kk] ,d iq:"k pedhyk oL= ifgus gq,] esjslkEgusvk [kM+ k gqvkA

vkSj dgusyxk] g dqjusfy;ql] rsjh izkFkuk lqu yh xbZ] vkj rsjs

nku ije'oj ds lkEgusLej.k fd, x, gSA

/kehZtu

uhfropu 15%29 ;gkok nq"Vk ls nwj jgrk g] ijUrq /kfeZ;k dh

izkFkZuk lqurk gA


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elhg esgekjk LFkku

gesdSlskFkZuk djuh gSbl ckr dks le>us ds fy,] gesaigys;gle>uk t:jh gS fd elhg esa ge dkSu gSaA cgqr okksZ rd geijesoj dsikl ^^cspkjsHkVds gq, ikfi;ksa** dsLo:i vk;sgSaA ge

mldsikl ,d ^v;ksX;rk vkSj n.MkKk* ds ,glkl dslkFk vk,gSaA geusvius vkidksbruk fulgk; ns[kk gS fd gekjs ikl dkstfj;k ugh fd ge fookl djsa fd ijesoj gekjh ijokg djsxk]gekjh lqusxk] ;k gekjs }kjk dke djsxkA ijesoj gesa bl dkjughans[krk gSA

ge fulgk; HkVds gq, ikih Fks] ijUrq elhg esa gksdj gesa iki dhnklRork ds cktkj ls[kjhn fy;k x;k gSA gesa ,d pquk gqvk oak],d jktkkgh ;ktdrk ds :i esacuk fn;k x;k gSA tc ge kFkZukdjrsgS( rc gesa viusvkidksbl LFkku lsns[kuk gSA

iki gekk ,d :dkoV

cfynkuksadh LFkkiuk gq;h

tc vkne vkSj gOok us iki fd;k] mudh ijesoj dslkFk [kqyhlgHkkfxrk vkxsugha jg ik;hA mUgsavnu dh ckM+h dks NksM+usdsfy, vkKk nh x;h tgka os ijesoj ds lkFk ?kweus fQjus vkSjvkeus&lkeusckr djus dsfy, leFkZgqvk djrs FksA mudh lqj{kkds fy, ijesoj us ,d cfy dk dop cuk;kA

mRifk 3%8&10] 21 rc ;gkok ije'oj tk fnu ds BaMs le;

ckfVdk e fQjrk Fkk mldk 'kCn mudk lqukbZ fn;kA rc vkne

vkSj mldh iRuh ckfVdk dso`{kk ds chp ;gkok ijes'oj ls fNi

x,A

rc ;gkok ije'oj usidkjdj vkne lsiwNk] rwdgk g\

ml us dgk] e rsjk 'kCn ckjh e lqudj Mj x;k D;kfd e uaxk

Fkk( blfy;sfNi x;kA

vkSj ;gkok ije'oj usvkne vkj mldh iRuh ds fy;s peM+ds

vaxj[k cukdj mudk ifguk fn,A

mRifk v/;k; pkj esa ge dSu o gkfcy }kjk ijesoj dks HksaV &

cfy& p


22/139



ewlk ds }kjk O;oLFkk nh x;h vkSj ijesoj usfofHkUu ikiksads fy,fofHkUu cfy;ksadksLFkkfir fd;kA ijUrqgeskk] iqjkus fu;e ds lkjsle; esa] iqjkuh okpk dslkjsle; esa ijesoj usiq:kksavkSj fL=;ksads fy, ,d rjhdk fn;k ftllsoscfynkuksadsek/;e ls&funksZkikqvksadsyksgw dscgk;stkusds}kjk & ijesoj ds lEeq[k igqpldrsFksA

;slHkh cfynku vkusokyh ml fl) cfy & ijesoj dseseus&dsvkxeu dh vksj bkkjk djrsFksA

;ktdksadh LFkkiuk dh x;h

ijesoj us;ktdksadh LFkkiuk mldsvkSj euq;ksadse/; fcpods :i esadhA ;ktd yksx yksxksa ds fy, cfy p lsfeyk d:axk] rq> lsokrkyki fd;k d:axkA

;ktdksads dk;ksZaus;hkqdh vksj bkkjk fd;k tks gekjk egk;ktd

cukA;hkqcuk

gekjh cfy

tc ;hkqusql ij tku nh] rcog gekjsikiksadh ,d lEiw.kZvksjfl) cfy cukA mlus iki dh ltk dh n.MkKk dks gVk fn;kA

bczkfu;ks9%26c & 28vugh rks txr dh mRifk lsydj ml dks

ckj ckj nq[k mBkuk iM+rk( ij vc ;x ds vUr e og ,d ckj

izxV gvk gS] rkfd vius gh cfynku ds }kjk iki dk nwj dj nsA

vkSj tSlseuq ";ksds fy;s,d ckj ejuk vkS j mldsckn U;k; dk

gkuk fu;Dr gSA oSlsgh elhg Hkh cgrk dsikik dksmBk ysusds

fy;s,d ckj cfynku gqvkA

bczkfu;ks10%12&14 ij ;g O;fDr rk ikik dscnys,d gh cfynku

loZnk dsfy;sp


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gekjk egk;ktd

bczkfu;ksa dh i=h crkrh gSfd dSlselhg viusygwds}kjk] gekjkegk;ktd cuk vkSj ijesoj dh mifLFkfr esa gjsd fooklh dksigqapusds fy, }kj dks[kksykA

bczkfu;ks 2%17bl dkj.k mldk pkfg, Fkk] fd lc ckrk es vius

Hkkb;ks ds leku cus ( ftl ls og mu ckrk es tks ije'oj ls

lEcU/k j[krh gS] ,d n;ky vkj fo'okl;kX; egk;ktd cus rkfd

ykxk ds ikik dsfy;siz k;f'pk djsA

bczkfu;ks9%11] 14 ijUrq tc elhg vkusokyh vPNh vPNh oLrvks

dk egk;ktd gkdj vk;k] rk ml us vkSj Hkh cM+vkSj fl) rEcwls

gkdj tksgkFk dk cuk;k gvk ugh] vFkkr~ l` f"V dk ughA

rks elhg dk yksg ftl usviusvki dk lukru vkRek ds }kjk

ijes'oj dslkEgusfunks "k p


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dk vf/kdkjh gSA rk vkvk( ge lPp eu] vkj iwjsfo'okl dslkFk]

vkSj food dk nks"k nwj dju ds fy;sn; ij fNM+dko ydj] vkj

nsg dk 'kq) ty ls/kyokdj ije'oj dslehi tk,aA

;hkqds cfynku ds}kjk

tc ;hkqgekjs fy, cfynku cuk] rc mlds}kjk fd;s x;sdk;ksZdks le>us ds fy, gekjs thou dk ckdh le; yxsxkA mlusgekjhkeZdksysfy;kA mlusgekjs Jkiksadksfy;kA mlusgekjs ikiksadkn.M pqdk;kA mlusgesau;h l`fV cuk;kA vc ge fg;ko dslkFkijesoj ds csVs vkSj csfV;ksa ds leku mldh mifLFkrh esa igqapldrsgSaA

gesa[kjhnk x;k gS

gesa ,d cM+h dher ds pqdk;stkus ds}kjk [kjhnk x;k gSrkfd geijesoj ds fy, efgek dk dkj.k cu ldsaA

1 dq:fUFk;k 6%19] 20D;k rqe ugh tkur] fd rqEgkjh nsg ifo=kRek

dk efUnj gS( tksrq e esclk gqvk g vkSj rqEg ije'oj dh vksj ls

feyk g] vkj rqe viusugh gks\ d;kfd nke nsdj eky fy;sx,

gk] blfy;sviuh nsg ds }kjk ije'oj dh efgek djksA

,d pquk gqvk oak cuk;k x;k

gesa ^^fulgk; HkVds gq, ikfi;ksa** ds leku ijesoj dslehi ughvkuk gSA ,sls rksge ,d le; ij FksA vc gjsd fooklh ,d pqusgq, oak dk ,d vax gS& ,d jktkkgh ;ktdkrk & ,d ifo=

jkT; & ,d foksk yksx!1 irjl 2%9 ij rqe ,d puk gqvk oa'k] vkSj jkt&in/kkjh] ;ktdks

dk lekt] vkj ifo= yksx] vkj ije'oj dh fut iztk gk] blfy;s

fd ftl usrq EgsvU/kdkj eslsviuh vn~Hkr T;ksfr escqyk;k gS]

mldsx.k izxV djkA

jktk vkSj ;ktd cuks

irjl usfookfl;ksadks,d jktkkgh ;k jktkvksa ds leku ;ktdksads :iesalEcksf/kr fd;kA

1 irjl 2%9 ij rqe ,d puk gqvk oa'k] vkSj jkt&in/kkjh] ;ktdks

dk lekt----

sfjr ;wgkk us dkfkrokD; esa fy[kk fd ;hkq us gesa jktk vkSjmldsijesoj vkSj firk dsfy, ;ktd cuk;k gSA

dkfkrokD; 1%5c] 6 tk ge lsize j[krk gS] vkj ftl us vius

ykgwds }kjk ge ikik lsNqM+k;k gSA vkj ges,d jkT; vkj vius

firk ije'oj ds fy;s;ktd Hkh cuk fn;k( mlh dh efgek vkj

ijke ;xkuq;qx jgA vkehuA

;g cM+h egRoiw.kZ gS fd gesa;ktd vkSj jktk dgk tkrk gSA

,d ;ktd e/;Lrrk djrk gSvkSj ,d jktk kklu djrk gSA


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,d ;ktd ekaxrk] e/;Lrrk djrk vkSj ,d /kehZijesoj vkSjvifo= yksxksads e/; [kM+k gksrk gSA

,d jktk vf/kdkjiw.kZ kklu ls kf/kdkjksa ds cy ls kFkZuk,adjrk gSA

tc ;hkqus;:kyse ds ikiksadsfy, vkalwcgk,] og ,d ;ktdds dk;Z dks dj jgk Fkk vkSj og gekjs fy, ;ktd gksus dkmnkgj.k gSA

ekh 23%37 g ;:'kyse] gs ;:'kye( rwtks Hkfo";}Drkvk dks ekj

Mkyrk gS] vkj tk rsjs ikl Hksts x,] mUg iRFkjokg djrk g]

fdruh gh ckj eSuspkgk fd tSlse qxhZvius cPpk dk viusi a[kks

ds uhps bdsdjrh g] oSlsgh eSHkh rsjs ckydk dk bdsdj yw]

ijUrqrqe us u pkgkA

tc ;hkqvka/kh dse/; [kM+k gqvk vkSj dgk] ^^kkUr] vkSj Fke tk**]

rc og ,d jktk ds Lo:i dk;Zdj jgk Fkk vkSj gekjs fy, ,dmnkgj.k gSfd ge Hkh jktk dsleku bl i`Foh ij dk;ZdjsaA

ejdwl 4%39rc ml us mBdj vkU/kh dk MkVk] vkj ikuh lsdgk(

'kkUr jg] Fke tk % vkSj vkU/kh Fke xbZvkj cM+k pu gk x;kA

fg;ko dslkFk osk dj ldrs gS

bczkfu;ksa dh iqLrd dks fy[kus okyk gelsdgrk gS fd gesacM+kgksuk gS rkfd ge ;hkqds ygwds ek/;e lsvfr ifo= LFkku esaosk djsaA

bczkfu;ks10%19 lk gs Hkkb;k] tc fd ge ;h'k ds ykgw ds }kjk ml

u, vkj thors ekx ls ifo= LFkku e izos'k djusdk fg;ko gk

x;k gSA

vkidk D;k LFkku g\

gjog fooklh tks fookl vkSj vkKkdkfjrk esa py jgk gS ;hkqdsygwlsik;sNqVdkjs ds vk/kkj ij ,d vf/kdkj gS fd og ijesojds lEeq[k igqapsA D;ksafd ;hkqgekjk egk;ktd gSA ;gh ,d otggS fd ge ls dgk tkrk gS ge cMs fg;ko vkSj fookl ds ,dlEiw.kZvkoklu ds}kjk vk ldrs gSaA

bczkfu;ks 10%22 rk vkvks ( ge lPp eu] vkj iwjs fo'okl dslkFk]

vkSj food dk nks"k nwj dju ds fy;sn; ij fNM+dko ydj] vkj

nsg dk 'kq) ty ls/kyokdj ije'oj dslehi tk,aA

bczkfu;ks 4%16 blfy; vkvks ] ge vuqxzg ds flagklu ds fudV

fg;ko ckU/kdj py] fd ge ij n;k gk] vkSj og vuqxzg ik,a] tks

vko';drk dsle; gekjh lgk;rk djsA

os gh yksx cM+s fg;ko vkSj fookl dslkFk kFkZuk esaijesoj dslkeusigqprsgSatkselhg dsifo= ygwdkslgh LFkku o egRo nsrsgSaA


26/139



elhg esgekjk kf/kdkj

cgqr lsyksx iwNrs gSa ^^;fn ijesoj ije /kku gS vkSj lalkj esatks pkgsdj ldrk gS( rc ge D;ksakFkZuk djsa\**

^^ijesoj ustSlsLoxZlscqjk vkSj iki dksckgj fudky fn;k oSlsgh og lalkj lsHkh blsckgj D;ksaugha djrk gS\**

^^kk;n] ;fn ge dkQh yEcsle; rd ;k kfDr dslkFk] ;k dkQhekunkjh ls] ;k ge dkQh iqdkj dj kFkZuk djsa] ge ijesoj dksgekjsi{k esadk;Zdjusdsfy, Hkkfor dj ldrsgSaA**

^^fdlh dkj.kok] ijesoj iFoh ij dk;Z djus ds fy, vfuPNqdrhr gksrk gS] ijUrqgksldrk gSgekjh kFkZuk,a mlsHkkfor djsfd og ,slk djsaA ijesoj gekjh ifjfLFkfr esaije/kkurk lsdk;ZD;ksaughadjrk gS\**

^^kk;n og mlsughale>rk gS] vkSj ge bls ckj ckj mllsdgsamlsml le; rd ;kn fnyk, tc rd og gekjh bPNkuqlkj dkeu djsaA**

ijeoj dku gS\

kyhZxqjFkh us fy[kk] ^^ijesoj gekjk ,d egku LoxhZ;firk ughgStks gekjsfy, gj ckr dksdjrk gSvkSj gekjsthouksadksvklku]ljy] vkSj ihM+kjfgr cukrk gSA ukgh og ,d egku LoxhZ; gStksgesaviuh fujadqk] o vurqe; kfDr vkSj efgeklsMjkrk gSA**

^^ckfcy gesa thfor ,oa ije/kku ijesoj ds ckjs esa nks ckrsa

crkrh gSA ,d vksj] og okLro esavuUr] loZkfDreku] ije/kku]Lo;aesai;kZIr] vkSj tksmlsHkkrk gSog dj ldrk gSA nwljh vksj]og okLro esa,d ,slk ijesoj gStks euq;ksadsikl vkrk gSvkSjviusckjs esa?kfuBrk lscrkrk gS,d ijesoj ds:iesatks mudhenn djsxk vkSj mudk lkFkh cusxkA**

ijesoj u rks ,d vR;kpkjh gS] vkSj ukgh ,d cM+k firk gS] vkSjukgh nksuksackrksadk feJ.k gSA ijUrqokLro esaog ,d ijesoj gStks euq; tkfr lsvktkn vkSj fQj HkhmulscU/kk gqvk gSA cgqrij] fQj Hkh mudslkFk( nwj] fQj Hkh djhc( kfDrkkyh vkSj fQjHkh seh] se djusokyk vkSj fQj Hkh loZkfDrekuA**

uksV% miZ;qDr m)r ^ffp;u MkWDVhu* ls fy;s tkrsgSftls lh ,y lh]fjpekW.M] othZfuvk }kjk Nkik tkrk gSA

tc ge ijesoj dksle>us dh dksfkk djrsgSa] rc ge ikrs gSafd gekjk ekuoh; efLrd cgqr NksVk gStksdHkh Hkh ijesoj dksle> ughaldrk gSA ge ek= pUn igywvksaij gh /;ku yxk ikrsgSaA gekjh le> lsdghaT;knk c


27/139



fdlh Hkh ckgjh :dkoV dsfr vojks/kd gSA lc dkj dsvfLrRoijesoj dsvf/kdkj dsrgr vkrsgSaA

ijesoj ds vius vadqk gStksog Lo;aviusfy, yxkrk gSvkSjog vius pfj= ds }kjk vadqk yxkrk gSA mnkgj.kLo:i]ijesoj

fl) se gSvkSj og ,slk dqN ughadjsxk ftlls mlds fl) sedk mYya?ku gksA

eu; dku gS\

nkn ijesoj vkSj euq;tkfr dsckjsesamYys[k djds,d mRVdk;Zdjrk gSA

Hktu lafgrk 8%4&9rk fQj euq"; D;k g fd rwmldk Lej.k j[k]

vkSj vkneh D;k gSfd rwmldh lq f/k y\

D;kfd rwusmldksijes'oj lsFkkM+ k gh de cuk;k gS] vkSj efgek

vkSj izrki dk edqV mldsflj ij j[kk gSA

rwus mlsvius gkFkks ds dk;ksij iz Hkrk nh g( rwusmldsiko rys

lc dqN dj fn;k gA

lc HkM+&cdjh vkj xk;&cy vkj ftrusoui'k gS]

vkdk'k ds i{kh vkSj leq dh eNfy;k] vkj ftrus tho&tUrq

lek e pyrs fQjrsgA

gs ;gkok] g gekjsiHkq ] rsjk uke lkjh i`Foh ij D;k gh izrkie; gA

lkix;svf/kdkj

tc ijesoj lsvkne vkSj gOok dksviuh lekurk esacuk;k rcmlus;g dke ml xzg ij fd;k Fkk tgk ij LoxZlsfudkysx;skSrku vkSj mldsfikkpksadksfxjk;k x;k FkkA lclsigyh ckr tksijesoj usvkne vkSj gOok dkscukusds ckn mudsckjsesadgha og;g Fkh% ^^mudh Hkqrk gksusnks**A

mRifk 1%26] 27fQj ije'oj usdgk] ge euq "; dk vius Lo:i ds

vuqlkj viuh lekurk e cuk,a( vkSj os le dh eNfy;k] vkSj

vkdk'k ds if{k;k] vkj ?kjsy i'kqvk] vkj lkjh i`Foh ij] vkj lc

jsxusokys tUrqvk ij tk i`Foh ij jsxrsg] vf/kdkj j[kA

rc ijes'oj us euq "; dks vius Lo:i ds vuqlkj mRiUu fd;k]

vius gh Lo:i ds vuqlkj ije'oj us mldk mRiUu fd;k] uj

vkSj ukjh djds ml useuq ";ksdh l` f"V dhA

bl ,dek= loZkfDreku ijesoj us euq; tkfr dks ;g i`Foh ijdk lkjk vf/kdkj lkSai fn;kA mlus euq;ksa ds gkFkksa esa i`Foh ijvf/kdkj djus dh Hkqrk nh!

Hkqrk dk vFkZA gSv/khu djuk] vius dCts esadjuk] fot; ikuk]viuk nkl cukukA

,d fl) vkSj ijesoj }kjk cuk;h x;h i`Foh ij fdu ds ij

euq; dksHkqrk djuh] viuk dCtk djuk] viuh fot; cukuk vkSjviuk nkl cukuk Fkk\ kSrku vkSj mldsfikkp nqVkRek,aA


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;gk rd fd tc vkne vkSj gOok us iki fd;k rc Hkh muls;gvf/kdkj ijesoj us okil ugh fy;kA ekuotkfr us bl vf/kdkjdks kSrku ds vkxs Mky fn;k vkSj kSrku bl i`Foh lalkj dk jktkcu cSBkA pkj gtkj okksZads fy,] kSrku usbl vf/kdkj dks Fkkesjgk vkSj pkgs ckrsa fdruh Hkh Hk;kud o kSrkuh D;ksa u gks x;haijesoj usbl vf/kdkj dksokil ughafy;kA

D;ksa\ D;ksafd ijesoj usblsekuotkfr dkslkSaik FkkA

vfUre vkne

tc ge le>uk kq: djrsgSafd igyk vkne dkSu Fkk & mlsD;kcuusdsfy, cuk;k x;k Fkk & ge ;g le>uk vkjEHk dj ldrsgSa fd gekjs fy, ;g D;ksa egRoiw.kZ gS fd ;hkqvk[kjh vkne ds:i esavk;kA

igyk vkne cuk;k x;k Fkk fd Hkqrk ds lkFkbl i`Foh ij?kwek

fQjk djsA mldh jpuk dh x;h fd og kSrku vkSj nqVkRekvksaijHkqrk djsaA mls jpk x;k fdog ijesoj dslkFk lgHkkfxrk djsA

;hkq vk[kjh vkne ds :i esa vk;k & ,d fl) ekuo vfLrRoA;hkqvk;k fd og bl /kjrh ij vf/kdkj lspys] kSrku dk lkeukdjs] ,d fl) thou th,] vkSj gekjk ,d vuqdYi cudj tku nsa& ,d fl) cfynku cudjA

1 dq:afFk;k 15%45,lk gh fy[kk Hkh g] fd izFke euq";] vFkkZr~

vkne] thfor izk.kh cuk vkj vfUre vkne] thounk;d vkRek

cukA

gesa;g tkuuk t:jh gSfd ;hkqusbl i`Foh ij viusijesoj dsiq= gksus dh lkeFkZ esathou ugh th;kA mlusvius lkjsijesojh;vf/kdkj dksR;kx dj ,d euq; & ,d fl) euq; & ds :i esadk;Zfd, & ,d ,slk vkneh rksvkne dkscuus ds fy, ijesojusjpk FkkA

fQfyIi;k 2%6&8ftl us ije'oj dsLo:i e gkdj Hkh ije'oj ds

rqY; gksus dk viuso'k e j[kus dh oLrqu le>kA cju viusvki

dk ,slk 'kU; dj fn;k] vkj nkl dk Lo:i /kkj.k fd;k] vkj

euq"; dh lekurk e gks x;kA vkj euq"; ds:i es izxV gkdj

viusvki dk nhu fd;k] vkj ;gk rd vkKkdkjh jgk] fd e` R;q]

gk] ql dh eR; Hkh lg yhA

tc ;hkquko ij [kM+k gqvk vkSjrRoksadks dgk] ^^kkUr vkSj Fketkvks** rc ogk cMh kkfUr gks x;hA ;gh mldk HkqRo FkkA

eR;qesagksdj] ;hkqus kSrku dks gjk;k] dqaft;kaokil yh] vkSj mUgsafookfl;ksadks] mldh nsg dks] mldh dyhfl;k dks lkSai nhA

ekh 16%19e rq>sLox dsjkT; dh dqft;ka nwxk% vkSj tk dqN rw

iFoh ij ckU/kxk] og LoxZ es cU/kxk( vkSj tks dqN rw i`Foh ij

[kkyxk] og LoxZe [kysxkA

;hkqus dgk fd og viuh dyhfl;k cukusokyk gS vkSj v/kksyksdds QkVd mldsij cy ugha gksldsaxsaA ;hkqus dgk tksdqN


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Hkh ge bl i`Foh ij ckU/ksaxsa] LoxZesaog cU/k tk,sxk] vkSj tksd qNHkh ge bl i`Foh ij [kksysaxs og LoxZesa[kksyk tk,sxkA

;hkq usbl lkSaisx;s Hkqrk vf/kdkj dk mYys[k ejdql esadjkgSA

ejdql 13%34 ;g ml euq"; dh lh n'kk g] tk ijns'k tkrsle;

viuk ?kj NksM+tk,] vkSj viusnklksdk vf/kdkj ns % vkSj gj ,d

dk mldk dke trk ns] vkSj }kjiky dk tkxrsjgus dh vkKk nsA

tc ge izkFkZuk djrsgSa ge ijesoj dh lkeFkZvkSj vf/kdkj dksbl iFoh ij dk;Zdjusds fy, eqDr djrsgSaA LoxZ esaijesoj dsikl lkjk vf/kdkj gS] ijUrq i`Foh ij mlus viuk vf/kdkjdyhfl;k dks nsfn;k gS& vkidks vkSj eq>sA

og vf/kdkj ftlsbl i`Foh ij bLrseku esayk;k tkuk gSmlsmuyksxksalsvkuk gStkselhg es gS!

eqr ladYikfDr

tSlsfd ijesojusekuotkfr dksi`Foh ij Hkqrk vkSj vf/kdkj dksfn;k gSoSlsgh mlusmUgsaeqr ladYikfDr Hkh nhA vkSj tSls fdijesoj vf/kdkj ds {ks= dk mYya?ku ugh djsxk vkSj Bhd oSlsghog gekjh eqr ladYikfDr dk mYya?ku ugh djsxkA

ladYikfDr pquko djusdk ,d lkekU; vf/kdkj gksrk gSA vknevkSj gOok dks Hkh ;g vf/kdkj fn;k x;k fd os ijesoj dh vkKkekuus vkSj u ekuus dschp pquko djusik,aA

vkne vkSj gOok ds }kjk ijesoj ls ekuotkfr dks feys blvf/kdkj dks ijesoj usdHkh Hkh okil ugh fy;k gSA gekjs iklpquus dk vf/kdkj gSA ge ijesoj ij fookl dj ldrs gSa ;kfookl ughadj ldrs gSaA ge pkgsrks mllsse dj ldrsgSa;kughadj ldrsgSaA ge mldh lsok dj ldrsgSa;k ughadj ldrsgSaA frfnu ds gj iy tksdqN ge djrs gSa mulslEcfU/kr lkjspquko gekjs gksrs gSaA vkSj bl pqukoksa ls gksus okys urhtksa dhftEesokjh Hkh gekjh gksrh gSA

fdruh ckj ge fookfl;ksa dks ;g loky djrs lqurs gSa] ^^D;ksaijesoj usbruh Hk;kud ckr gksus nh\**

ijesoj usbl ckr dksgksusdh vuqefr ugh nhA geus Lo;anh gSA;g lR; blfy, ugh gS fd n.MkKk yk,A blds }kjk rksvkt+knhvkuh gSA ;g vU;k; ,d ih


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mlds uke e

gekjk LFkku o vf/kdkj lEiw.kZr% ;hkq es gSA blhfy, gesa geskkfirk ls;hkqdsuke esakFkZuk djuh gksxhA gesa;hkq esagh Lohdkjkx;k gS( mlesagh ge firk dsf; gS( mlds lkFk gh ge okfjlrk esa

leHkkxh gSA gj pht gekjsikl ;hkqds uke esagSA;wgkk 14%6] 13 ;h'k us ml ls dgk] ekx vkSj lPpkbZvkS j thou eS

gh g( fcuk ejs}kjk dkb firk dsikl ugha igqp ldrkA

vkSj tksdqN rqe ejs uke lsekaxkxs] ogh eSd:axk fd iq= ds }kjk

firk dh efgek gkA

lkj & ekfyd ckrksdh

ijesoj us vkne vkSj gOok dks jpk rkfd os mlds lkFk laxfrdjsaA og fnu dsB.Msle; esai`Foh ij vkrk Fkk fd mulsckrsa

djsa] ijUrqtc vkne vkSj gOok us iki fn;k rcog mRV lEcU/kVwV x;kA ijesoj us tks vf/kdkj mUgsalkSaik Fkk og kSrku dksnsfn;k x;k tksbl lalkj dk gkfde cu cSBkA ijesojbl fLFkfresaeqag eksM+ dj bl xzg dksNksM+ ldrk Fkk vkSj i`Foh ij dh gjckr dks kSrku ds ok es NksM+ ldrk Fkk ijUrq mlus ,slk ughafd;kA

ekuotkfr }kjk tksdqN [kksfn;k x;k Fkk mlskSrku lsokil ysusds fy, ijesoj dk iq= ;hkqlalkj esavk;kA ;hkq us viuslkjsijesoj gksus ds vf/kdkjksa dks R;kxk vkSj bl /kjrh ij vk[kjhvkne cu dj vk;kA og i`Foh ij vf/kdkj ds lkFk pyk fQjk

djrk Fkk tSls fd iq:kksa vkSj fL=;ksadks cuk;k x;k fdbl rjgvf/kdkj lskklu djsaA ;hkqus ql ij gekjsikiksadh ltk Hkqxrusds fy, tku nhA mldsbl egku cfynku ds }kjk ge pqus gq,oak & mlesa pqus gq, & dk ,d fgLlk cu x;sA mlesa gh gejkt&inkf/kdkjh vkSj ;ktd cu x;sA mlus gesaviuk uke fn;kvkSj mlus gesa viuk vf/kdkj Hkh fn;kA

iufoZpkj ds fy, loky

1- viuskCnksaesavf/kdkj] lkSaik x;k kf/kdkj] vkSj eqr ladYikfDr ds ckjs esale>k,aA

2- fd vk/kkj ij R;sd fooklh ds ikl vf/kdkj gSfd og ijesoj dh mifLFkfr esaoskdjsvkSj fuosnu djs\

3- ijesoj D;ksa ugh ,d O;fDr dh t:jrksadksns[krk gS vkSj lgh le; ij lgh vkkhksafcuk ekaxsnsnsrk gS\


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v/;k; rhu

;hk qus kFkZuk dh

gekjh elhgh pyu dsgjsd {ks= esa;hkq gekjk ,d mnkgj.k gSAgesaD;k djuk gSbl ckr dkstkuus dsfy, gesa;hkqdsthou esamldsdk;ksZdksns[kuk vkSj v/;;u djuk gSA ;hkq dh kjf EHkdlsodk dsnkSjku] yksx ;hkqds ikl vkrsFksA osmllsekax djrsFks vkSj og mudh vko;drkvksa dks iwjh djrk FkkA og mUgsanqVkRekvksa ds paxqy ls cpkrk FkkA mlus mudh kkjhfjd paxkdhA

;hkqkFkZuk djus okyk tu FkkA mluskFkZuk dh vkSj viuspsyksadks Hkh kFkZuk djuk fl[kk;kA

;hkqu st:jreUnk dh kFkuk dk tokc fn;k

;hkq usviuh bl i`Foh ij dh lsodk dsnkSjku tgkaHkh tkrk Fkkog yksxksads fuosnuksadk tokc nsrk FkkA mldsbu tokcksaesagesacM+k ksRlkgu feyrk gSA ge bu kFkZukvksavkSj mudstokcksaeaslsdqNsd ij gh utj MkysaxsaA

eSrS;kj g

,d dksspaxk dj ldrk gS**A

fdruk lqUnj tokc ;hkqusfn;k] ^^eSrS;kj gwa**! mlusviusfirkds seh n; dks nkkZ;k Fkk tc ;hkqusdgk] ^^eaSrS;kj gwa**A

ejdql 1%40&42 vkj ,d dkss'k) dj ldrk gA

ml us ml ij rjl [kkdj gkFk c


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ijUrq ;hkqusdgk] ^^er Mjks] flQZ fookl djksA** ;g D;k ,dpqUukSrh gSgekjs fy,A tc ge uskFkZuk dh vkSj gekjh lkjh vkkktkrh jgh gS( rc Hkh gesafookl djuk gSA

ejdql 5%22] 23] 35&43vkSj ;kbZj uke vkjk/kuky; dsljnkjk es

ls,d vk;k] vkSj mlsns[kdj] mldsikok ij fxjkA vkj ml us

;g dgdj cgr fcurh dh] fd esjh NkVh csVh ejus ij gS % rw

vkdj ml ij gkFk j[k] fd og pxh gkdj thfor jgsA

og ;g dg gh jgk Fkk] fd vkjk/kuky; dsljnkj ds?kj lsykxks

usvkdj dgk] fd rsjh csVh rk ej xbZ( vc xq: dk D;k nq[k nsrk

gS\

tk ckr osdg jgs Fk] ml dks ;h'k usvulquh djds] vkjk/kuky;

ds ljnkj lsdgk( er Mj( dsoy fo'okl j[kA

vkSj ml usirjl vkj ;kdwc vkj ;kdwc dsHkkbZ;wgk dk NksM+]

vkSj fdlh dk viuslkFk vkusu fn;kA vkS j vjk/kuky; dsljnkj

ds ?kj e igpdj] ml us ykxksdk cgr jksrsvkj fpYykrsns[kkA

rc ml usHkhrj tkdj ml lsdgk] rqe D;ksgYyk epkrs vkS j jkrs

gk\ yM+dh ejh ugh] ijUrqlk jgh gA osml dh glh djusyx]

ijUrq ml uslc dk fudkydj yM+dh ds ekrk&firk vkj vius

LkkfFk;k dk ysdj] Hkhrj tagk yM+dh iM+h Fkh] x;kA vkSj yM+dh dk

gkFk idM+dj ml lsdgk] *ryhrk dweh^( ftl dk vFk ;g g fd

*gsyM+dh] eS rq> lsdgrk g] mB^A

vkSj yM+dh rqjUr mBdj pyus fQjus yxh( D;kfd og ckjg o"kZ

dh FkhA vkSj bl ij ykx cgqr pfdr gksx,A

vkid fookl dsvulkj

nksva/ks euq;ksaus;hkqdks iqdkjusdsckjsesatkuk FkkA

ekh 9%27&30 tc ;h'kqogkals vkx c


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Fk] ;g lqudj fd ;h'k tk jgk gS] iqdkjdj dgusyx( fd gs iz Hk]

nkn dh lUrku] ge ij n;k djA

ykxk usmUg MkVk] fd pi jg] ij os vkS j Hkh fpYykdj cky] gs

izHk] nkn dh lUrku] ge ij n;k djA

rc ;h'k us [kMs gkdj] mUg cqyk;k] vkj dgk(rqe D;k pkgrs gk fd

eSrq Egkjsfy;sd:a\

mUgk usml lsdgk] g iHk( ;g fd gekjh vk[k [kqy tk,aA

;h'kq us rjl [kkdj mu dh vka [k NwbZ] vkSj os rqjUr ns[kus yx(

vkSj mldsihNsgk fy,A

xkSj djsafd tc mudspkjksavksj mifLFkr yksxksa u sdgk ^^pqi jgks!Hkqdks vdsyk NksM+nks]** osfQj Hkh tksj&tksj lsfourh djus yxsArkSHkh] osviuh ekax dsfy, lqfufpr ugh FksA bl mnkgj.k esagenkslR;ksadks gekjs fy, ns[krsgSaA gesat:jr gS fd ge yxkrkj

ijesoj lsviuh t:jrksads fy, kFkZuk djuh gS ;gk rd fdtc nwljsyksx gesa,slk djuslsjksdsage kFkZuk tkjh j[ksa] vkSj gesaviuh ekax dsfy, lqfufpr gksuk gSA

nVkRek dks MkVk

ekh 17%14&21 tc os HkhM+ dsikl igps ] rk ,d euq"; mlds ikl

vk;k] vkSj ?kVusVsddj dgusyxkA g izHk] esjsiq= ij n;k dj(

D;kfd ml dk fexh vkrh g% vkj og cgqr nq[k mBkrk g( vkj

ckj ckj vkx e vkSj ckj ckj ikuh esfxj iM+rk gA vkj e ml

dk rsjs pyk ds ikl yk;k Fkk] ij os mlsvPNk ugh dj ldsA

;h'kqus mkj fn;k] fd g vfo'oklh vkj gBhys ykxk eS dc rd

rqEgkjs lkFk jgxk\ dc rd rqEgkjh lgxk\ mls ;gk ejs ikl

ykvkA rc ;h'k usmls?kqM+dk] vkj nq"VkRek ml esls fudyk( vkj

yM+dk mlh ?kM+h vPNk gk x;kA

rc psyksus ,dkUr e ;h'k ds ikl vkdj dgk( ge blsD;ksugha

fudky lds\

ml us mu lsdgk] viusfo'okl dh ?kVh ds dkj.k% D;kfd eS rqe

lslp dgrk g] ;fn rq Egkjk fo'okl jkbZds nkus dscjkcj Hkh gk]

rks bl igkM+ls dg ldksx] fd ;gkals ljddj ogka pyk tk] rks

og pyk tk,xk( vkj dkbZckr rqEgkjsfy;svUgkuh u gkxhA ml

usmu lsdgk] fd ;g tkfr fcuk iz kFkZuk vkj miokl fdlh vkj

mik; lsfudy ugha ldrhA

bl ifjfLFkfr esaviuh kfDr dh deh ds fok; esa psyksaus ;hkq lsloky fd;k vkSj ;hkqusbldk dkj.k crk;k & mudk vfookl& vkSj mldk fuokj.k & kFkZuk vkSj mioklA

;hkqdk kFkuk thou

gj pht tks gekjsikl gS] gj ckr tksge gSa] gjsd dke tks gesadjuk gS;g lc dqN ;hkqesagksdj gh gSA ;fn ;hkq] ijesoj dkiq=] vk[kjh vkne] ,d fl) euq; ftldh ijesoj dslkFk vdsys


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le; fcrkus dh t:jr Fkh] rc fdruk vf/kd gesa bl dk;Z dsfy, le; nsuk gSA

kFkZuk ds v/;;u esa ;hkq dhkFkZukvksa ls c lsizlUu gA

vdyslcsjskFkukfd;k

;hkq us,dkUr esalcsjslcsjs kFkZuk fd;kA

ejdql 1%35 vkj Hkksj dk fnu fudyus lscgr ifgy] og mBdj

fudyk] vkSj ,d taxyh LFkku e x;k vkj ogk izkFkuk djusyxkA

fu.k; ysu lsioZkFkuk fd;k

;hkq usgj fu.kZ; ysusls igys kFkZuk fd;kA

ydk 6%12] 13vkSj mu fnuk es og igkM+ ij iz kFkZuk djus dks

fudyk] vkj ije'oj lsiz kFkZuk djuse lkjh jkr fcrkbZA tc fnu

gqvk] rksml usvius psyksdk cqykdj mu e ls ckjg pu fy,]

vkSj mu dk izfjr dgkA

HkhM+l fudyk vkj kFkZuk fd;k

tc cM+h HkhM+ ;hkqds pkjksa vksj gksrh Fkh] vkSj cgqr yksx mllspxk ikuk pkgrsFks] ;hkqvdljmuds e/; ls fudy tkrk vkSjkFkZuk djrk FkkA yksxksadh vko;drk,a mlskFkZuk esale; fcrkuslsugha jksd ikrh FkhA

ydk 5%15] 16 ijUrqml dh ppk vkj Hkh Qyrh xbZ ] vkj HkhM+dh

HkhM+ ml dh lquus ds fy; vkSj viuh chekfj;k ls pax gkus ds

fy;s bdh gbZA ijUrq og taxyk es vyx tkdj izkFkZuk fd;k

djrk FkkA

ejdql 6%46 vkj mUg fonk djds igkM+ij iz kFkuk djusdk x;kA

vkp;Zde l igy kFkuk fd;k

;hkqusijesoj dh vkkhk dsfy, Hkkstu dsle; kFkZuk dh vkSjfQj mlus psyksadks ckVusdksdgkA psyksaus cM+h HkhM+dks [kkukckaVkA ikap gtkj dh HkhM+ dks [kkuk f[kykus ds vkp;ZdeZ dkigyk dne kFkZuk gh FkhA

ydk 9% 16] 17 rc ml us osikp jkfV;k vkj nk eNyh yh] vkj

LoxZ dh vksj ns[kdj /kU;okn fd;k] vkSj rkM+ rkM+dj pyk dks


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nsrk x;k] fd yksxk dk ijklsAlk lc [kkdj rIr g,] vkj cp gq,

VqdM+kslsckjg Vkdjh Hkjdj mBkbZA

pyk dslkFk kFkuk fd;k

mlusLo;avdsyskFkZuk dh vkSj fQj nwljksadslax Hkh kFkZuk dhA

ydk9%18v tc og ,dkUr e izkFkuk dj jgk Fkk] vkSj pys mlds

lkFk Fk------

NkV cPpksdsfy, kFkuk fd;k

mlusNksVscPpksads ij gkFk j[kk vkSj muds fy, kFkZuk dhA

ekh 19%13vrc ykx ckydk dk mldsikl yk,] fd og mu ij

gkFk j[ks vkj izkFkuk djs------

fkeku ds fy, uke lskFkuk dh

mlusvius,d psysdsfy, uke lsizkFkZuk dhAydk 22%31] 32'kekSu] g 'keku] ns[k] 'krku usrqe ykxk dks ekax

fy;k g fd xgwdh ukbZQVdsA ijUrqeS usrsjs fy; fcurh dh] fd

rsjk fo'okl tkrk u jgs% vkj tc rw fQjs ] rks vius Hkkb;ks dks

fLFkj djukA

mldk eq[k vkj :iifjofrr gqvk

,d ckj ;hkqus kFkZuk dh] mldk psgjk vkSj diM+scny x;sA

ydk 9%28] 29 bu ckrk ds dkb vkB fnu ckn og irjl vkj

;wgUuk vkSj ;kdwc dks lkFk ysdj izkFkuk djusds fy; igkM+ij

x;kA tc og izkFkZuk dj gh jgk Fkk] rk mldspsgjsdk :i cny

x;k% vkj mldk oL= 'osr gkdj pedusyxkA

vkuUn euku ds fy, kFkuk dh

ywdk esa ;hkq us izkFkZuk djusds fok; esa gh ugh fy[kk gS ojumlusfdu ckrksadsfy, kFkZuk fd;k og Hkh crk;k x;k gSA

ydk 10%21 mlh ?kM+h og ifo= vkRek e gksdj vkuUn lsHkj x;k]

vkSj dgk( gsfirk] Lox vkSj i`Foh dsiz Hk] eSrs jk /kU;okn djrk g]

fd rw us bu ckrk dks Kkfu;k vkj le>nkjks ls fNik j[kk] vkSj

ckydk ij izxV fd;k% gk] g firk] D;ksfd rq>s;gh vPNk yxkA

;hkqu gekjs fy, kFk Zuk fd;k

;wgk 17 dk iwjk v/;k; gesa;hkqdh [kwclwjr kFkZuk dks crkrkgSA tSls mldk bl i`Foh ij dk le; lekIr gksus tk jgk Fkk]mluspsyksadsfy,] ml le; dsfookfl;ksadsfy, vkSj mu yksxksads fy, tksmudsckn vkusokysgSa] lHkh yksxksa ds fy, kFkZuk dhA

esjh efgek dj rkfd eS rjh efgek d:

;wgk 17%1&19 ;h'k us;s ckrsdgh vkSj viuh vka[k vkdk'k dh

vkj mBkdj dgk] g firk] og ?kM+h vk igqph] viusiq= dh efgek

dj] fd iq= Hkh rsjh efgek djsA D;ksfd rwusml dk lc iz kf.k;ks


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ij vf/kdkj fn;k] fd ftUg rwus ml dk fn;k gS ] mu lc dksog

vuUr thou nsAvkSj vuUr thou ;g gS] fd os rq> v}Sr lPps

ijes'oj dk vkj ;h'kqelhg dk] ftlsrwus Hkstk gS] tkusA

eau viuk dke ijk fd;k

tk dke rwus eq>sdjus dk fn;k Fkk] mlsiwjk djdseS us i`Foh ij

rsjh efgek dh gSAvkSj vc] g firk] rw viuslkFk ejh efgek ml

efgek lsdj tk txr ds gkuslsifgys] ejh rsjs lkFk FkhA

eSu rjk uke xV fd;k gS

eSus rsjk uke mu euq";k ij izxV fd;k ftUg rwus txr e ls

eq>sfn;k% osrsjs FksvkS j rwus mUg eq>sfn;k vkj mUgk us rsjs opu

dk eku fy;k gSAvc os tku x, ga] fd tk dqN rwus eq>s fn;k gS]

lc rsjh vksj lsgA

eSu mUg rsjk opu fn;k gS

D;kfd tk ckrsrw useq>s igpk nh] eS usmUg mudk igpk fn;k

vkSj mUgk us mu dk xzg.k fd;k% vkj lp lp tku fy;k g] fd

eSrsjh vksj ls fudyk g] vkj izrhfr dj yh g fd rwgh useq>s

HktkA

eSmud fy, kFkZuk djrk g

eSmu ds fy;sfcurh djrk gw ] lalkj dsfy;sfcurh ugh djrk gw

ijUrqmUgh ds fy;sftUgsrwuseq>sfn;k g] D;kfd osrsjsgSAvkSj

tk dqN ejk gSog lc rsjk g( vkj tk rsjk g og esjk g vkSj bu

lsesjh efgek izxV gbZgS A

viusuke ds }kjk mudh j{kk dj

eSvkx dk txr es u jgxk] ijUrq ; txr es jgxs ] vkSj eSrsjs

ikl vkrk g( gs ifo= firk] viusml uke ls tk rwuseq>s fn;k

gS] mu dh j{kk dj] fd osgekjh ukbZ,d gkAtc eSmu dslkFk

Fkk] rk eSusrsjs ml uke ls] tk rwus eq>s fn;k g] mu dh j{kk

dh] e usmu dh pkSdlh dh vkj fouk'k dsiq= dk NkM+mu e ls

dkbZuk'k u gvk] blfy; fd ifo= 'kkL= dh ckr iwjh gkA

rkfd mudk vkuUn cuk jgs

ijUrqvc eS rsjsikl vkrk g] vkj ; ckrstxr e dgrk g] fd os

esjk vkuUn viusesiwjk ik,aAe usrsjk opu mUg igpk fn;k gS ]

vkSj lalkj usmu lscS j fd;k] D;kfd tSlk eSlalkj dk ugh] oSls

gh osHkh lalkj ds ughA

mudh ml nqV ls j{kk djuk

eS;g fcurh ugha djrk] fd rwmUg txr lsmBk ys ] ijUrq;g

fd rwmUg ml nq"V lscpk, j[kAtSlseS lalkj dk ugh] oSlsgh os

Hkh lalkj dsughaA


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38/139



;hkqeR;qdk lkeuk dj jgk FkkA og cM+h osnuk esa Fkk vkSj cgqrcspSu Fkk vkSj tkurk Fkk fd mlskFkZuk djuk vo; gSA mldhbPNk Fkh fd psysHkh mldslkFk kFkZuk djsa] ijUrqos vlQy gq,Age esalscgqr tkursgSafd fQj D;k gqvkA

;wgk dk C;kSjk;hkq uscM+h osnuk esakFkZuk dhA

;wgk 12%27] 28 tc ejk th O;kdqy gks jgk gA blfy; vc eS

D;k dg\ g firk] e>s bl ?kM+h lscpk\ ijUrqe Sblh dkj.k bl

?kM+h dk igpk gA g firk vius uke dh efgek dj% rc ;g

vkdk'kok.kh gqbZ] fd eS us ml dh efgek dh g] vkj fQj Hkh

d:axkA

ekh dk C;kSjk

ekh }kjk bl le; dk C;kSjk ;hkqdh ekuork dksgesafn[kkrk gSAmluspkgk fd nwljksads lkFk mlds?kfuB lEcU/k }kjk mlskFkZukesa ml oDr mBk;sA viuh bl ekuork esa og viuh ;g bPNkO;Dr dj jgk Fkk fd wl ij ejus dsle; rdog ijesoj dhbPNk iwjh djuk pkgrk FkkA

ekh 26%36&46 rc ;h'k vius pyk ds lkFk xrleuh uke ,d

LFkku e vk;k vkSj viuspsyk lsdgus yxk fd ;gh cBs jguk] tc

rd fd e ogk tkdj izkFkZuk d:aA

vkSj og irjl vkSj tCnh ds nkuk iq=k dk lkFk y x;k] vkj

mnkl vkj O;kdqy gksus yxkArc ml usmu lsdgk( esjk th cgr

mnkl gS] ;gk rd fd esjs iz k.k fudyk pkgrs gS% rqe ;gh Bgjk]

vkSj ejs lkFk tkxrs jgksA

igyh kFkZuk

fQj og FkksM+k vkj vkxsc ls Vy

tk,( rkHkh tSlk eSpkgrk g oSlk ugh] ijUrqtSlk rwpkgrk g oSlk

gh gkA

;hkq uskFkZuk dh] ^^esjh ughaoju rsjh bPNk iwjh gks**A

fQj pyk dsikl vkdj mUgslkrsik;k] vkj irjl ls dgk( D;k

rqe ejs lkFk ,d ?kM+ h Hkh u tkx lds\tkxrs jgks] vkSj izkFkZuk

djrsjgk] fd rqe ijh{kk esu iM+ ks% vkRek rk rS;kj gS] ijUrq'kjhj

nqcZy gSA

tc ;hkqus mUgsalksrk ik;k] mlus mulsiwNk] ^^D;ksa rqe esjslkFk,d igj Hkh tkx u ik;s\ rc mlus mUgsa kFkZuk D;ksa djuh gSbldsckjsescrk;k & ojuk rqe ijh{kk esaiM+ksxs & osviuh bPNkiwjh djsaxsA


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nwljh kFkuk

fQj ml usnwljh ckj tkdj ;g izkFkuk dh( fd g esjs firk] ;fn

;g ejsih, fcuk ugh gV ldrk rksrsjh bPNk iwjh gksA

rhljh kFkuk

/;ku nsafd nwljh ckj Hkh ;hkq vk;k vkSj mUgsalksrk ik;k & mlusmUgsalksusfn;kA mlusnwljh ckj mUgsapsrkouh ugh nhA

rc ml usvkdj mUg fQj lkrs ik;k] D;kfd mu dh vk[k uhan ls

Hkjh FkhAvkj mUgs NksM+dj fQj pyk x;k] vkj ogh ckr fQj

dgdj] rhljh ckj izkFkZuk dhA

;hkq usrhljh ckj kFkZuk dh] ^^rsjh ethZiwjh gks**A

rc ml us psyksds ikl vkdj mu lsdgk( vc lkrs jgk] vkSj

foJke djk% ns[kk] ?kMh vk igph gS] vkSj euq"; dk iq= ikfi;k ds

gkFk idM+ok;k tkrk gAmBk] py( ns[kk] ejk idM+okusokyk fudV

vk igpk gA

ywdk dk C;kSjk

ywdk] ,d oS/k bl le; dh kFkZuk dk ,d ltho fp=.k djrk gSA

ydk 22%43] 44 rc Lox ls,d nwr ml dk fn[kkbZfn;k tks mls

lkeFk nsrk FkkA vkj og vR;Ur ladV es O;kdqy gkdj vkSj Hkh

n; osnuk lsi z kFkuk djusyxk( vkj mldk ilhuk ekuk yksg dh

cM+h cM+h cwUnksdh ukbZHkfe ij fxj jgk FkkA

wl ij ls

firk bUgsa{kek dj

iwjs ifo= kkL= esawl ij yVds;hkqdh kFkZuk dks ,d lclsvn~Hkwr gksuk gSA mlsmldh jpuk }kjk /kks[kk fn;k x;kA mldkBk mM+k;k x;k] mlls?k`.kk dh x;h vkSj mUghayksxksa }kjk wl ijyVdk;k x;k ftudh jpuk mlusdh FkhA ftuds fy, og m)kjcu dj vk;k mUgksusgh mlsekj MkykA ;fn bl /kjrh ij fdlheuq; dsikl fdlh dks {kek u djusdk dks dkj.k Fkk rks og;hkqgh FkkA rkSHkh tcfd og vR;Ur osnuk vkSj nnZdkswl ij

yVdsgq, lg jgk Fkk] vkSj ej jgk Fkk] mlus kFkZuk dh] ^^firkbUgsa{kek dj!**

ydk 23%34v rc ;h'k usdgk( g firk] bUgs {kek dj] D;ks fd ;

tkurs ugh fd D;k dj jg gSA**

mldh vfUre iqdkj

ydk 23%46vkSj ;h'kq us cM+ 'kCn ls iqdkj dj dgk( g firk] eS

viuh vkRek rsjsgkFkk e lkirk gw % vkj ;g dgdj izk.k NksM+fn,A


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;qxkuq;qx thfor g rkfd e/;Lrrk dj

;hkq kFkZuk djus okyk tu FkkA gekjs fy, fujUrj kFkZuk djrsjgusds fy, og ,d mnkgj.k gSA og vc Hkh kFkZuk esayxk gqvkgS& gekjsfy, og LoxZesafcpo dk dke dj jgk gSA

bczkfu;ks7%25 blh fy;stks mlds }kjk ijes'oj dsikl vkrs gS ]

og mu dk iwjk iwjk m)kj dj ldrk g] D;kfd og mu dsfy;s

fcurh djusdk lonk thfor gSA

lkj & ;hkqgekjk egku mnkgj.k

;hkq gekjsloksZPp /kku lsukifr ds:i esa gekjsfy, ,d mnkgj.kgSfd dSlskFkZuk vkSj vkKkdkfjrk ds lkFk ,d fot;h thou geth ldrsgSaA u;sfu;e lslqlekpkj dsv/;k;ksaesa;hkq ds kFkZukds thou dsmYys[k HkjsiM+sgSavkSj ;g gekjs LoxhZ; firk dslkFkgekjslEcU/k dh iwjh tkudkjh nsrk gSA fd ;hkq] ijesoj ds iq=]us gjsd ifjfLFkfr vkSj voLFkk esa kFkZuk dh ;g gekjs fy, ,dpqukSrh gSA D;k ge gekjk thou th jgs gSa tSlk fd gesa djukpkfg;s;k fQj ge yxkrkj vius firk dsikl ekxZnkZu ds fy,tk jgsgSa\

;hkq us gekjs fy, kFkZuk dh & mu yksxksa ds fy, tks ml ijfookl djsaxsa& fd ge se vkSj ,drk esacusjgsa] fl) gkstk,a]fd mldh efgek gekjs}kjk xV gksos] fd ,d fnu ge mldsikligqap tk,aA

iufopkj dsfy, loky

1- ekh 20%27 esaml va/kseuq;ksadh kFkZuk ds tokc esa] D;ksa;hkqus mulsiwNk fdosD;kmllsvius fy, djokuk pkgrsgSa\ bu opuksalsvkius kFkZuk dsckjsesaD;k lh[kk\

2- ekh 17%14 esa tc ,d euq; viusehxhZds fkdkj iq= dks yk;k vkSj dgk fd mlds psys

mls paxk ugh dj ik,] rc ;hkq us vdsys esavius psyksadks muds foQy gksusds D;kdkj.k crk,\ bl opu lsvkiuskFkZuk ds ckjsesa D;k lh[kk\

3- ;hkqdh kFkZuk ds vU; rhu mnkgj.k nsavkSj blls vkiusD;k lh[kk gSblds fok; esfoLrkj lsfy[ksaA bl ikB~; lslh[ksx;s lR;ksadspyrs vki dkSu lscnyko viuskFkZukdsthou esayk,axsabldksHkh foLrkj lsfy[ksaA


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v/;k; pkj

^^Hkqge kFkZuk djuk lh[kk**

psyksa us;hkq ds kFkZuk ds thou dks ns[kk vkSj ,d fnu mUgksausdgk] ^^Hkq] gesa kFkZuk djuk lh[kk**A ogka;hkqdsthou esa dqNfHkUurk Fkh & dqN ,slk ftldh mUgsat:jr FkhA

ydk 11%1 fQj og fdlh txg izkFkuk dj jgk Fkk% vkj tc og

izkFkZuk dj pqdk] rk mlds psyk esls,d us ml lsdgk( g iz Hk]

tSls;gUuk usvius psyk dk iz kFkZuk djuk fl[kyk;k oSlsgh ges

Hkh rw fl[kk nsA

;g kFkZuk yxkrkj gekjseuksalsdh tkuh pkfg;s]

^^Hkq] geskFkZuk djuk l h[kk **

Hk dh kFkuk

Hkqdh ;g kFkZuk ,d uewuk cuuk Fkh fd ftls psys viuh kFkZukesavk/kkj cuk ldsaA blsckj ckj nksgjkuk ugh Fkk tSlk fd lfn;ksalsgksrk vk jgk gS& /kkfeZd jhfrfjoktksaesa,d ifjikVh dk dk;ZA

/;ku nsa fd fdruh NksVh lh kFkZuk dks ,d mnkgj.k ds:i esaokLro esa;hkqusdke es yk;k gS& cl rhu ywdk dsin & ;kekh 6%9&13esaikp in!

ml usmu lsdgk( tc rqe izkFkuk djk] rk dgk(

gsfirk] rsjk uke ifo= ekuk tk,]

rsjk jkT; vk,A

rsjh bPNk tSlh Lox e ijh gkrh gS] oSlsi` Foh ij Hkh gksA

gekjh fnu Hkj dh jkVh gj fnu gesfn;k djA

vkSj gekjsikik dk {kek dj]

D;kfd ge Hkh viu gj ,d vijk/kh dk {kek djr g]

vkSj ge ijh{kk e u yk]

ijUrqcqjk lscpkA**

ydk 11%2&4

vusd lqUnj iqLrdksadksbu pUn inksa ds vk/kkj ij fy[kk x;k gS]ijUrqge dsoy igysin ij gh viuk /;ku yxk,saxsaA

^^tc re kFkZuk djk & dgk **

bl kFkZuk esa;hkq us;g ugha dgk fd tc rqe kFkZuk djks] rqejksdj iqdkjks ,d vfuPNqd ijesoj dks fd og rqEgkjh Qfj;knlqus] ;k Hkh[k ekaxks vkSj nq[k eglwl djksA mlus dgk tc rqekFkZuk djks& dgksA

;hkq usbl kCn ^dgs* dks ,d vU; LFkku ij ;ksxfd;kA

ejdql 11%23 eSrqe lslp dgrk g fd tk dkb bl igkM+ ls

dg( fd rwm[kM+tk] vkj leqnzes tk iM+ ] vkj viuseu e lUnsg


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u djs] oju izrhfr djs] fd tk dgrk gwog gk tk,xk] rks mlds

fy;sogh gkxkA

tc ge kFkZuk djsa] gesadguk gSA gesaml igkM lsdguk gS&^^m[kM+ tk] vkSj leqnzesatk iM+**A vkSj ;hkqus dgk ;fn ge vius

eu esa lUnsg u djsa] oju rhfr djsa fd tksge dgrsgSaog gkstk,sxk] rksgekjs fy, ogh gksxkA

;kn j[ksafd gekjh kFkZuk dsfy, ljy lh ifjHkkkk gS%

ge ijeoj ds lkeu ,d ifjfLFkfr dk ykuk g] mldstokc dk

lquuk vkSj ml ifjfLFkfr e ijeoj dh bPNk dk ckyuk gSA

kFkuk Lox dksiFoh ij ykusdk dke gSA

^^gekjs firk r tksLoxZesg**

gekjk LFkku

;hkq uspsyksa dks ;kn fnyk;k fd mudk LFkku D;k gSA tc gekFkZuk esa ijesoj ds ikl vkrs gSa] gesa loZkfDrekuije/kkuijesoj ds cPpksatSlk vkuk gSA ;g gekjk okpk lskIr,d vf/kdkj gSfd ge mldsikl vk,aBhd oSlsgh tSlskfrdcPps viusi`Foh ij ds ekrk&firk dsikl vkrs gSaA

jksfe;k 8%15] 16D;kfd rqe dk nklRo dh vkRek ughafeyh] fd fQj

Hk;Hkhr gks ijUrq ysikydiu dh vkRek feyh gS] ftl ls ge gs

vCck] g firk dgdj iqdkjrs gSA vkRek vki gh gekjh vkRek ds

lkFk xokgh nsrk g] fd ge ije'oj dh lUrku gSA

gesagekjs LoxZesafojkteku firk lskFkZuk djuh gS & vkSj gekjsvUnj clusokys ijesoj lsugh tSlk fd dqN yksx fl[kkrs gSaA

^^rjk uke ifo=\ ekuk tk,**

gekjk O;ogkj

fQj ;hkquspsyksadks funsZk fn;k fd kFkZuk esamudk O;ogkj dSlkgksuk pkfg;sA

;|fi ge ijesoj dsf; cPps gSa] gesamldh mifLFkfr esarsth lsvuknj ds lkFk ughatkuk gSA ge mlsvknj nsaA ^^rsjk uke ifo=

ekuk tk,** dk eryc gSifo= djsa] kq) djsa] cM+svknj vkSj J`)kds lkFk mldk uke ysa] mldh kalk djsa] mlsloZf; tkusa] n;esa mls cgqewY; le>s bR;kfnA gesa le; nsuk gS mlds uke dksifo= tkuusesa& viusn; dh xgjk lsijesoj dh efgek vkSjvknj nsusokyh mldh cM+k esackrksadks dgsaA

^^rjk jkT; vko**

tc ge kFkZuk djsa] gesa;g dguk gS ^^rsjk jkT; vkos** & gekjkjkT; ughaA cgqr ls yksx bl ckr dkseglwl djsafcuk vius jkT;dks cukus ds fy, kFkZuk djrspys vk jgsgSa& ,d vPNk ?kj] ,dcM+h dkj] ,d csgrj ukSdjh] ;gkard fd ,d cM+h lsodkA ;hkqusdgk gesa;g dguk gS& ^^ijesoj rsjk jkT; vkos**A


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gesaLo;a dksijesoj dslkFk lgefr esaykuk gS] vkSj fQj vknsknsuk gSfd gekjh ifjfLFkfr esaijesojrsjh ethZiwjh gksA ;g ,djktk dh kFkZuk gS] ,d vf/kdkj iw.kZkFkZukA

vk& ,jdksesgs

;wukuh kCn] ,jdksesgsdk eryc gS ^^ml LFkku lsbl LFkku ijvkuk**A

bldk ;g vFkZHkh ugh gS] ^^ijesoj dsok esalc dqN gSvkSj tksdqN Hkh gksxk] ogh gksxk**A

bldk rkRi;Z;g Hkh ugha gS fd ^^;g vPNk gksrk ;fn----ijUrqtksdqN Hkh gksrsjh bPNk gksijesoj**A

tc ;hkqus ;wukuh Hkkkk esa dgk ^^vkvks** bldk eryc Fkk] ^^muckrksadks dgks tks ogkaugh gS;g ekudj fd os ogkagS**A

bldk eryc gSfd ^^vki ml LFkku lsbl LFkku ij vk,a**Aikuh ds ij pyuk

irjl ikuh ij pyk ;hkqds ;g dgusij] ,jdksesgs & vkA

ekh 14%28] 29 irjl usml dksmkj fn;k] g iz Hkq] ;fn rwgh gS ]

rks eq>svius ikl ikuh ij pydj vkusdh vkKk nsA

ml usdgk] vk% rc irjl uko ij ls mrjdj ;h'k dsikl tkus

dk ikuh ij pyusyxkA

irjl ,d eNqvkjk FkkA og tkurk Fkk fd bUlku ikuh ij ugha

py ldrs gSaA rkSHkh mldh bPNk ds pyrs & ^^Hkq eq>sikuh ijpydj rsjsikl vkusdh vkKk ns** & ;hkqusmkj fn;k] ^^vk!**irjl kfrd {ks= ls fudy dj vkykSfddrk esa vk;kA irjlikuh ij pyk tc irjl ikuh ij py jgk Fkk] mlus okfilkfrd {ks= esatkukkq: fd;k] rkfd Mj tk, vkSj fQj og Mwcukkq: gqvkA

ekh 14%30] 31ij gok dk ns[kdj Mj x;k] vkj tc Mwcus yxk] rks

fpYykdj dgk( gsiHk] eq>scpkA

;h'kq us rqjUr gkFk c


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vko;drk ugha Fkh & ;hkq dsoy eq[k lsdgns rks mldk lsodpaxk gks tk,sxkA

ekh 8%5&10 vkj tc og dQjuge e vk;k rk ,d lwcsnkj us

mldsikl vkdj ml lsfcurh dhA fd g izHk] ejk lsod ?kj es

>kysdk ekjk cgr nq[kh iM+k gSA

ml usml lsdgk( e vkdj mlspxk d:axkA

lwcnkj us mkj fn;k( fd g izHkqe Sbl ;ksX; ugh] fd rwe sjh Nr

ds ry vk,] ij dsoy e[k ls dg ns rk esjk lsod pxk gks

tk,xkA

lwcsnkj vkxs crkrk gS fd og ,d vf/kdkjh gSvkSj lSfud mldsv/khu gS] og vf/kdkj gksus ds egRo dks le>rk FkkA mlus,jdksesgs kCn dk mi;ksx fd;kA

D;kfd e Hkh ijk/khu euq"; g] vkSj flikgh esjsgkFk esgS ] vkSj tc

,d lsdgrk g] tk] rk og tkrk gS ( vkSj nwljs dksfd vk] rks og

vkrk gS( vkj viusnkl l dgrk gw ] fd ;g dj] rk og djrk gA

;g lqudj ;h'kqus vpEHkk fd;k] vkj tk mlds ihNsvk jg Fks mu

ls dgk( e rqe ls lp dgrk g] fd eS us blz k,y e Hkh ,slk

fo'okl ughaik;kA

ge dHkh Hkh vf/kdkj esavknsk nsus dks le> ughaik,saxs tc rdfd ge vf/kdkj esaugh vkrsgSa& ml le; rd tc rd fd geijesoj ds vf/kdkj dsv/khu ugh vkrsgSaA

vk! & ,d vkKk ,jdksesgs,dlq>ko ugh gS] ;g ,d vknsk gSA ;g vf/kdkj ds lkFkcqykuk gSA ^^rsjk jkT; vkos!** ijesoj dk jkT; ughavkusokyk tcrd fd ge vknsk nsvkusds fy,A iFoh ij] ijesoj usgesa,slkgh ,d vf/kdkj fn;k gSA

;g kFkZuk dk uewuk ftls;hkqusviuspsyksadksfn;k bl vf/kdkjdh ,d le> ij fufeZr gksrk gSftlsijesoj usvkne vkSj gOokdks fn;kA mlus dqN vf/kdkj ugh fn;k vkSj dqN viusfy, j[kNksM+k] vkSj ;hkq us Hkh dqN vf/kdkj dks thrdj gesa ykSVk;k gSAmlus,d lEiw.kZdk;Zfd;kA

tSlsLoxZea rjh bPNk

ijh gksrh g] iFoh ij Hkh gk

;g ml uewus dh kFkZuk dk,d vn~Hkwr fgLlk gS ftls;hkqusgesfn;kA ^^tSls LoxZ esarsjh bPNk iwjh gksrh gS oSls gh i`Foh ij Hkhgks**A

LoxZesaijesoj dh D;k bPNk gS\ i`Foh ij ijesoj dh D;k bPNkgS\


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LoxZesa

LoxZesadsoy ,d gh bPNk gSvkSj ;g ijesoj dh bPNk gSA blckr ij dks oknfookn ugh gksrk gSA ogk ij p;u ugha fd;ktkrk gSA LoxZesaijesoj dh bPNk [kqkh lsvius vki iwjh gksrh

gSA LoxZesa dks fojks/k ;k erHksn ugh gSa( cl gk vkSj vkehu dgktkrk gSijesoj dh bPNk dsvkxsA

iFoh ij

;hkqusdgk fd gesaijesoj dh bPNk dks i`Foh ij iwjh gksusdhvkKk nsuh gStSlsdh LoxZesa iwjh dh tkrh gSA

tc vkne vkSj gOok us iki fd;k] mUgksus ijesoj dh bPNk dsfoifjr viuh bPNkuqlkj dke fd;kA vkSj ml fnu ls lkjhekuork usvkt rd ;gh dke fd;k gSA

okksZa rd geuskFkZuk dh fd gekjh bPNk iwjh gks tkosA ^^Hkq] gesa,d u dkj] ,d u;s?kj] ,d ukSdjh dh t:jr gS**A ge phtksadks ekax dj jgs Fks & gekjh t:jr dh [kkl phtsa & vkSj geviuh bPNk iwjh gksusdh kFkZuk dj jgs FksA

vc ge ;hkqdksviuk cpkusgkjk vkSj iwfrZdjusokyk ds :i esaghugh ns[krs gSa] ijUrqgekjsHkqvkSj jktk ds:i esaHkh ikrsgSA geviuh bPNkvksadks Hkq;hkqdh v/khurk esa nsrs gS rkfd ge vcvkSj ;g u dgsaxs^^Hkq] eS pkgrk gwa----**A

iFoh dsgekjsbl {ks= esaijesoj dh bPNk iwjh ughagksldrh gSml le; rd tc ge] elhg ds nsg] u dgs] ^^Hkq tSls LoxZ esarsjh bPNk iwjh gksrh gS oSls i`Foh ij Hkh gks!** fdruh ,d vn~HkwrkFkZuk gSA gekjh ;g ftEesnkjh gS& fd ge ,d vkojd cus &viusifjokjksa] iMkSfl;ksa] kgjksa,oanskksads ij tgk ge jgrsgSaA

kSrku vk;k ?kkr djus] vkSj pksjh djusvkSj ukk djusds fy,AkSrku gekjs vf/kdkj {ks= esa ;g dke dj ldrk gS D;ksafd geuskFkZuk djuk & D;k dguk gS& ugh lh[kk gSA geus ughalh[kk gSfd gekjh ifjfLFkfr esagesaijesoj dh lkeFkZdksdSlseqDr djukgSA

ftruk vf/kd ge ijesoj dh bPNk dksdSlseqDr fd;k tkrk gS

ds le> ysrsgStksgekjsvf/kdkj {ks=ksaesaiwjh gksus ik, mruh ghvf/kd gekjh kFkZuk mkstukiw.kZ gksrh gSA ftruk vf/kd geijesoj dsopu dk v/;;u djrs gSa vkSj vkRek esakFkZuk djrsgSa]rc ge gekjs {ks=ksaesa gesaijesoj dh bPNk dksdSls cksyuk gS] getkuusik,saxsA

ijeoj dk jkT; D;k g\

nkfu;sy u Hkfo;}k.kh dh

gesaijesoj dsjkT; dksviuh ifjfLFkfr esacksyuk gSA gesadguk

gS] ^^rsjkjkT; vkos**A blsvkSj vf/kd Hkkokhyrk ds lkFk dgus dsfy,] gesa;g le>uk iM+sxk fd ijesoj dk jkT; gSD;k\


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nkfu;y 7%13] 14] 18] 27eSus jkr e LoIu e ns[kk] vkj ns[kk]

euq"; ds lUrku lk dkbZvkdk'k dscknyk ler vk jgk Fkk] vkSj

og ml vfr izkphu ds ikl igpk] vkj mldk os mlds lehi

yk,A rc mldk ,slh izHkrk] efgek vkj jkT; fn;k x;k] fd

ns'k&ns'k vkSj tkfr&tkfr dsykx vkSj fHkUu&fHkUu Hkk"kk ck syusokys

lc mlds v/khu gks ( mldh izHkrk lnk rd vVy] vkSj mldk

jkT; vfouk'kh BgjkA

ijUrqijeiz/kku dsifo= ykx jkT; dk ik,axsvkS j ;xku;qx mlds

vf/kdkjh cusjgxsA

rc jkT; vkSj izHkrk vkSj /kjrh ij dsjkT; dh efgek] ijeiz /kku

gh dh iztk vFkkZr~mldsifo= ykxks dks nh tk,xh] mldk jkT;

lnk dk jkT; g] vkj lc izHkqrk djusoky mldsv/khu gkxs vkS j

mldh vkKk ekusxsA

nkfu;sy ds}kjk ge tkursgSa fd jkT; loZnk dk gS vkSj lUryksx blsik;saxsA

;wgk cifrLek nu okysu ucwor dh

;wgk tkurk Fkk fd ijesoj dk jkT; fudV gSA

ekh 3%2 eu fQjkvk( D;kfd LoxZdk jkT; fudV vk x;k gA

;hkq dh lsodk dslkFk ijesoj dk jkT; i`Foh ij vk;kA

ckn esacUnhxg esa tc ;wgk us iwNk fd ;hkq gh og Fkk ftldsckjsesaog Hkfo;}k.kh djrk pyk vk jgk Fkk] ;hkqus ;g tokc mls

fHktok;kAekh 11%4] 5 ;h'k usmkj fn;k] fd tk dqN rqe lqur gksvkS j

ns[krsgks ] og lc tkdj ;gk lsdg nkA fd vU/k ns[krs gSvkSj

yxM+pyr fQjrs gS ( dk


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ijesoj dk jkT; vk igqapk gS

ydk 11%20ijUrq ;fn e ije'oj dh lkeFk ls nq "VkRekvks dks

fudkyrk gw] rk ije'oj dk jkT; rqEgkjsikl vk igpkA

;hkq usnqVkRekvksadks fudkystkus ds}kjk ;g gokyk fn;k fd;g fpUg gSfd gekjsikl ijesoj dk jkT; vk jgk gSA

jkT; vkSj psys

;hkq usijesoj dsjkT; ds lqlekpkj ds izpkj ds fy, viusckjgpsyksadksHkstkA

ekh 10%7] 8v vkj pyrs pyrsi zpkj dj dgks fd LoxZdk jkT;

fudV vk x;k gSA chekjk dks paxk djks% ejs gqvk dk ftykvk%

dkfkM+nsrsgS ] rkHkh ;g tku yk] fd ije'oj dk jkT; rqEgkjs

fudV vk igpk gA

paxk ds lkFk ijesoj dk jkT; vkrk gSA ;hkqusdgk] ^^ogktks Hkh chekj gks mls paxk djks vkSj fQj dgks] ^ijesoj dkjkT; vk igqpk gS***A

jkT; vkSj fgalk

ekh 11%12 ;wgk cifrLek nsusoky ds fnuks lsvc rd Lox ds

jkT; ij tkj gkrk jgk gS] vkj cyoku mlsNhu yrsgA

ijesoj dk jkT; fgalk dks Hkksxsxk] vkSj t:jr gksxh fdfooklh yksx bls kfDr lsysus ik,aA

vUr dsle; dk fpUg

ekh 24%14 vkSj jkT; dk ;g lqlekpkj lkjstxr esizpkj fd;k

tk,xk] fd lc tkfr;k ij xokgh gk] rc vUr vk tk,xkA

ijesoj dsjkT; dk pkj lkjstxr esa ,d xokgh ds:iesa

gksxk vkSj fQj vUr dk le; vk tk;sxkA


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fQfyIil u jkT; dk pkj fd;k

fQfyIiql us jkT; dk pkj cM+h lkeFkZ lsfd;kA cM+h HkhM+usmlslquk vkSj mlds vkp;ZdeksZa dks ns[kk & nqVkRek,a fpYykrh Fkh]viax vkSj yaxM+spaxsgksrsFksA

sfjrk ds dke 8%5&8] 12vkSj fQfyIiql lkefj;k uxj e tkdj

ykxk eselhg dk izpkj djusyxkA

vkSj tk ckrsfQfyIiql us dgha mUg ykxksus lqudj vkj tk fpUg

og fn[kkrk Fkk mUg ns[k ns[kdj] ,d fpk gkdj eu yxk;kA

D;kfd cgrk eslsv'kq) vkRek,acM+ 'kCn lsfpYykrh gbZfudy

xbZ] vkSj cgqr ls>ksysds ekjsgq, vkj yxMsHkh vPNsfd, x,A

vkSj ml uxj e cM+k vkuUn gvkA

ijUrqtc mUgk us fQfyIiql dh izrhfr dh tks ijes'oj ds jkT;

vkSj ;h'k dsuke dk lqlekpkj lqukrk Fkk rk yksx] D;k iq:"k] D;k

L=h cifrLek yus yxA

;hkq dh eR;q vkSj iquZ:Fkku dsipkr] igyk lqlekpkj pkjdk lEcU/k ijesoj dsjkT; lsFkkA

Hkfo; ds jkT; dh ucwor

dkfkrokD; 11%15 vkj tc lkrosn wr usrqjgh Qdh] rk Lox es

bl fo"k; dscM+cM+'kCn gkus yxs fd txr dk jkT; gekjsiz Hkq

dk] vkj mlds elhg dk gk x;kA

txr dk jkT; gekjs Hkq dk] vkSj mlds vfHkksd dk gks

tk,sxkAu fgyu okyk jkT;

bczkfu;ks12%25&28 lko/kku jgks ] vkSj ml dgusokysls eg u Qjks]

D;kfd os yksx tc iFoh ij dsfprkouh nsusokysls eqg eksM+dj u

cp lds] rk ge Lox ij ls fprkouh djusokys ls eg ekM+dj

D;kdj cp ldsxs\ ml le; rk mlds 'kCn us i`Foh dk fgyk

fn;k ij vc ml us;g izfrKk dh g] fd ,d ckj fQj e dsoy

iFoh dk ugh] cju vkdk'k dk Hkh fgyk nwxkA

vkSj ;g okD; *,d ckj fQj^ bl ckr dk izxV djrk gS] fd tks

oLrq,a fgykbZ tkrh gS ] os l`th gbZ oLrq,a gksus ds dkj.k Vy

tk,axh( rkfd tk oLrq,afgykbZugh tkrh] os vVy cuh jgA

bl dkj.k ge bl jkT; dksikdj tks fgyus dk ugha] ml vuqxg

dk gkFk ls u tkus ns ] ftl ds}kjk ge HkfDr] vkSj Hk; lfgr]

ijes'oj dh ,slh vkjk/kuk dj ldrsg ftl l og izlUu gksrk gA

gekjsekuoh; Kku ij vk/kkfjr ijesoj ij gekjk fookl fgyk;ktk ldrk gSA ijesoj ij gekjk Hkjkslk tks vk/kkfjr gksrk gSijesoj ds jkT; ds ckjs lquus] ns[kus] ,oa vuqHko djus ls vkSjftldk pkj cM+h lkeFkZ] fpUg] peRdkj vkSj vkp;ZdeksZdslkFk

fd;k tkrk gS] dHkh Hkh fgyus okyk ughagSA gesaBhd oSlsgh kFkZukdjusdh t:jr gStSlk ;hkqus dgk]


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^^rsjk jkT; vk,A

tSlsLox e rsjh bPNk iwjh gkrh gSoSlsiFoh ij Hkh gkA**

jkT; gekjs vUnj g

ge vc rd ijesoj dsjkT; lslEcfU/kr ckgjh fpUgksadk v/;;udjrsvk jgs gSa vkSj oscM+sgh mkstukiw.kZgSaA ;ghos fpUg gSaftlsijesoj NqVdkjkjfgr yksxksa rd vius m)kj ds lUnsk ds lkFkigqapus ds fy, mi;ksx esa ykrk gSA ijesoj dk jkT; vUn:uh Hkhgksrk gS & fookfl;ksadsvUrZeu esaA

ftlsns[kk ugh tk ldrk

;hkq usdgk fd ijesoj dk jkT; ns[kk ughatk ldrk gS] ijUrqcfYd ;g vkfRed jkT; gSvkSj gekjs vUnj gSA

ydk 17%20] 21tc Qjhfl;k usml lsiwNk] fd ijes'oj dk jkT;

dc vk,xk\ rk ml usmu dk mkj fn;k] fd ie'oj dk jkT;

izxV :i e ugh vkrkA vkSj ykx ;g u dgxs] fd ns[kk] ;gk gS]

;k ogkagS ] D;kfd ns[kk] ijes'oj dk jkT; rqEgkjs chp e gA

ijeoj dsjkT; esosk djuk

uhdqfneql jkr ds le; ;hkqdsikl vk;kA

;wgkk 3%1&4Qjhfl;k es ls uhdqnseql uke ,d euq"; Fkk] tk

;gfn;k dk ljnkj FkkA ml us jkr dk ;h'k ds ikl vkdj ml ls

dgk] g jCch] ge tkursgS ] fd rw ije'oj dh vkj lsxq: gksdj

vk;k g( D;kfd dkb bu fpUgksdk tk rw fn[kkrk gS ] ;fn ijes'oj

mldslkFk u gk] rksugh fn[kk ldrkA

;h'kqu sml dk mkj fn;k( fd e rq> lslp lp dgrk g] ;fn

dkb u; fljslsu tUe rk ije'oj dk jkT; ns[k ugh ldrkA

uhdqnseql usml lsdgk] euq"; tc cw


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ikSywl sfjr usfy[kk gSA

1 dq:fUFk;ks2%12] 14ijUrqge uslalkj dh vkRek ugh] ijUrqog

vkRek ik;k gS] tk ije'oj dh vkj ls gS ] fd ge mu ckrk dks

tkus] tks ije'oj usges nh gSA

ijUrq'kkjhfjd euq "; ije'oj dsvkRek dh ckrsxzg.k ugh djrk]

D;kfd osml dh n` f"V e ew[kZrk dh ckrsgS ] vkSj u og mUg tku

ldrk g D;kfd mu dh tkp vkfRed jhfr lsgksrh gSA

;g ,d nq[knk;h lR; gS fd vusd fooklhx.k tks jfookj dkslqcg dyhfl;kvksaesaik, tkrsgSaosokLro esau;sfljs lstUe ughik, gSavkSj fnekxh :i lstkurs gSafd ,d elhgh tSlsckrsavkSjdke dSlsdjrs gSa] ijUrqmudsikl ,d u;stUe dk vuqHko ughaik;k tkrk gSA nwljs yksxksa us ,d laLFkk ls ukrk tksM+k gS ijUrqmudh ;hkqds lkFk uhft HksaV ugh gq;h gSA os Hkys vkSj ;gka rdfdos egku yksx gSaA osdyhfl;k ds vxqos Hkh gks ldrs gSa ijUrqmUgksaus ;hkqdks viuk uhft cpkusgkjk xzg.k djds kFkZuk ughadhgS& ,d dqN fuEu rjhds dh kFkZuk%

ijesoj dsopu dsdkku ls] eSusa ;g tkuk gS fd eS ,d ikihbalku gwA eSfookl djrk gwafd ;hkq] ijesoj dk ,d ek= iq=]ifo= vkRek ds }kjk dqaokjh efj;e ds xHkZesavk;k vkSj tUe fy;kAeSa fookl djrk gwafd mlus,d ikijfgr thou th;k vkSj LosPNklsesjsiki dk nke pqdkusds fy, viuh thu nhA eSa fookl djrkgwafd og eqnksZaes lsth mBk gSvkSj vkt thrk gSvkSj eq>sm)kjvkSj {kek dk eqr migkj ns jgk gSA

eStkurk gwafd eq>sfQj lstUe ysusdh t:jr gSA ;hkqesaviusikiksadsfy, ipkrki djrk gwaA eSvkidks viusn; esacqykrk gwafd vki eq>scpk;saA eSvkidksviuk uhft cpkusgkjk Lohdkj djrkgwaA gekjsthou dks cpkusdsfy, ;hkqvkidk /kU;oknA

tc fdlh iq#k ;k L=h ds vUnj ijesoj dk thou ugh gksrk gSrc ,d elhgh thou thuk vlEHko gksrk gSA

;fn ij fn;sx;sx|kakksa}kjk vkidseu esalUnsg mRi gqvk gSrksblh oDr kFkZuk djsaA vki tku ldrs gSa fd vki u;k thouik, gq, gSaA vki tku ldrs gSa fd vki ijesoj ds jkT; dk ,d

fgLlk gSaAikSywl us jksfe;ksaesafy[kk]

jksfe;k 8%16 vkRek vki gh gekjh vkRek dslkFk xokgh nsrk g] fd

ge ije'oj dh lUrku gSA

tc rd ge ,d ikih dh kFkZuk ughadj ysrs gSa& tc rd fdge ijesoj ds lkFk ,d lgh lEcU/k ugh cuk ysrsgSa & tc rdfd ge ijesoj ds jkT; esaosk ugh dj ysrsgSa] ge ,d kFkZukds thou esaosk ugh dj ldrs gSaA


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ijeoj dk jkT;

jksfe;ksaesage lh[krsgSafd ijesoj dk jkT; /kkfeZdrk] kkfUr vkSjifo= vkRek esavkuUn gSA ;g kjhj ughaoju~vkRek gSA

jksfe;k 14%17D;ksfd ije'soj dk jkT; [kkukihuk ugh( ijUrq /keZ

vkSj feyki vkj og vkuUn g(

/kkfeZdrk

gekjs vUnj ik;k tkus okyk ijesoj dk jkT; /kkfeZdrk gSA bl/kkfeZdrk dk gekjh uhft /kkfeZdrk lsdqN lEcU/k ugh gS D;ksafd;kk;kg dgrk gSfd gekjh /kkfeZdrk eSysdqpys fpFkM+ksadslekugSaA

;kk;kg 64%6v ge rk lc dslc v'kq) euq"; dsls gS ] vkj gekjs

/keZdsdke lc ds lc eysfpFkM+ k ds leku gS----

m)kj ds ml {k.k esa] ijesoj dh /kkfeZdrk gekjs vUnj Mkyh tkrhgS& gekjs [kkrse asp


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2 dq:fUFk;k 3%18 ijUrq tc ge lc ds m?kkM+ pgjs ls iz Hkq dk

izrki bl izdkj izxV gkrk gS] ftl izdkj niZ.k e] rksiz Hk ds}kjk

tk vkRek g] ge mlh rstLoh :i e va'k v'k dj ds cnyrstkrs

gSA

kkfUrijesoj dk jkT; ifo= vkRek esa /kkfeZdrk] kkfUr vkSj vkuUn gSA/kkfeZdrk dslEcU/k ;gk dqN foksk ckr gSA tc ge ijesoj dsjkT; vkSj /kkfeZdrk dks [kkstrs gSarc vpkud lsgekjsthou esakkfUr gStksfd ifo= vkRek dk gekjsthouksaesa,d lkekU; Qygksrh gSA kkfUr dks ,slh pht ugh gS fd ftlds fy, ge ;Rudj ldrs gSaA ;g dks ,d ckj fd;k tkus okyk dke Hkh ugh gSA;g ,d fujUrjrk dh f;k gSA

cgqr ls yksxksadh ;g lksp gS fd muds cSad ds[kkrsesa,d [kkl

jkfk tek gksxh rc muds ikl kkfUr gksxhA mudks kkfUr kIrgksxh ;fn ijesoj mudh ifRu vkSj cPpksa dks Bhd djrs gSaA gksldrk gSmUgsa,d u;sin kfIr ls] fjVk;j gksusls;k nsk ?kweusls kkfUr feysxhA ijUrq bueas lsdqN Hkh ckr ls gesa kkfUr kIrughagksldrh gSA

;hkqgh kkfUr dk jktdqekj gSA tc gemlsvius thouksadk Hkq& gekjk jktdqekj & cukrs gSa ge kkfUr ik;saxsA ikSywl gesaksRlkfgr djrk gS fd ge ijesoj dh kkfUr tksgekjs fopkjksa ole> lsijsgSgekjs euksavkSj fopkjksadh j{kk djusik,A

fQfyfIi;ks 4%6] 7fdlh Hkh ckr dh fpUrk er djk% ijUrq gj ,d

ckr e rqEgkjs fuosnu] izkFkZuk vkj fcurh ds}kjk /kU;okn dslkFk

ijes'oj dslEe[k mifLFkr fd, tk,aA rc ijes'oj dh 'kkfUr] tks

le> ls fcydqy ijsgS ] rqEgkjsn; vkj rqEgkjs fopkjk dks elhg

;h'kqes lqjf{kr j[kxhA

vkuUn

ijesoj dk jkT; /kkfeZdrk] kkfUr vkSj vkuUn gSA vkuUn ij lsxV gksus okyh [kqkh ugh gksrh gStSlk fd ge dHkh&dHkh eglwldjrsgSaA vkuUn rksgekjseu dh xgjk lsmRiUu gksrk gSA nknusviusHktuksaesafy[kk]

Hktulafgrk 16%11 rw eq>s thou dk jkLrk fn[kk,xk( rsjs fudV

vkuUn dh Hkjiwjh g] rsjsnkfgus gkFk es l[k lonk cuk jgrk gA

lPpk vkuUn ijesoj dh mifLFkfr esatkuslsiSnk gksrk gSA

lkj & ;hkqu kFkuk fl[kk

vius psyksa dh bl fourh fd Hkq ^gesa kFkZuk djuk lh[kk* dsrkskj esa Hkq ;hkq us ;g ughadgk fd rqEgsa fou; djuk gS ;kHkh[k ekaxuk gSA mUgksaus dgk] ^^dgks**A gesaviuh leL;kvksa ls dgukgS] ^^ijesoj dk jkT; vk,----] ijesoj dh bPNk iwjh gksxhA ^^gesa

viuh leL;kvksa vkSj viuh bPNk dks kFkZuk esa j[kuk gS ijUrqijesojdh bPNk iwjh gksus dh kFkZuk djuh pkfg;sA


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;g tkudj fd ijesoj dk jkT; gekjs vUnj gS gekjs fy,ijesoj dh bPNk dh iwfrZds fy, kFkZuk djuk vklku gks tkrkgSA ge vkSj vf/kd le; kFkZuk esaviuh leL;kvksadslek/kku dksvkSj ijesoj ls gekjh ^phtksa dh [kjhnkjh dh lwph* ds fy, ghkFkZuk ughadjsaxsA ge ifo= vkRek dslkFk brusykSyhu vkSj i`F

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