history 4013: research strategies literature review
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History 4013: Research Strategies Literature Review. Frederic Murray Assistant Professor MLIS, University of British Columbia BA, Political Science, University of Iowa Instructional Services Librarian Al Harris Library [email protected]. American Southwest & Borderlands. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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History 4013:Research StrategiesLiterature Review
Frederic Murray Assistant ProfessorMLIS, University of British ColumbiaBA, Political Science, University of Iowa
Instructional Services LibrarianAl Harris Library [email protected]
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American Southwest & Borderlands
Cabeza de Vaca: 1528 - 1537
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American Southwest & Borderlands
19th & 20th Century Histories
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Slotkin Reff
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Outline of session• What is a literature review?• Why review the literature?• Plan your search/Keywords/Boolean • Citations/Identifying//Reading/Tracking• Choosing appropriate
Sources/Databases• Google Tricks• Sample searches• A good literature review…
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Major Concerns • Topic Selection
• Narrowing the search
• Using the library effectively
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What is a literature review?“… a systematic…method for
identifying, evaluating and interpreting the …work produced by researchers, scholars and practitioners.”
FINK, A., 1998. Conducting literature research reviews: from paper to
the internet. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage., p.3.
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Why review the literature?“…without it you will not acquire an
understanding of your topic, of what has already been done on it, how it has been researched, and what the key issues are.”
HART, E., 1998. Doing a literature review: releasing the social science research imagination, by E. Hart and M. Bond. London: Sage., p.1.
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Define what you want to know “I am looking for literature and
sources that focus on Spanish exploration and settlement. ”
Use this statement to choose keywords and key phrases
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Define key words and phrases
Spanish
Exploration
Settlement
or Mexican
or Conquest
or Colonization
Accurate SearchRequiresAccurate Language
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Identifying Keywords• Identify the significant terms and
concepts that describe your topic from your thesis statement or research question.
• These terms will become the key for searching catalogs, databases and search engines for information about your subject.
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Class Exercise• Keyword Building Exercise
Topic: Spanish Exploration & Settlements
• Thesaurus.com
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Spanish Exploration & Settlements
Missions
Jesuits
Explorers
Southwest Exploration
Mexico
Texas Conquest
Trade
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Books• Al Harris Catalog• Open World Cat • Ebrary
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Open World Cat• Meta search engine for online
catalogs of libraries all over the world. Search for any book using a geographic location for the closest sources.
• Over 9000 libraries combined. • If you find it in WorldCat, and it's
not in our library, we can get it through ILL.
• CREATE A USER ACCOUNT
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Ebrary: eBooks • 24/7• Full Text Searching*• Highlight Markup• Note Taking• Changeable Font Size• Multiplicity of Use
• CREATE A BOOKSHELF
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Choose Appropriate Databases• Google is not (usually) the answer• Start with Library Resources for
your Subject First• Search a range of databases• Think about the range of sources:
books, journal articles, statistics, websites, conference reports…
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Journals• Southwestern Historical Quarterly
– Found in Project Muse (2006 to Current)
• Hispanic American Historical Review– Found in Project Muse
• The Southwestern Historical Quarterly – Found in JSTOR (1912-2007)
• Journal of the Southwest– Found in JSTOR
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Databases: Social Sciences• JSTOR• Project Muse• America: History and Life with Full
Text• Historical Abstracts with Full Text• And Many More…..
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JSTOR• Includes archives of over one
thousand leading academic journals across the humanities, social sciences, and sciences.
• Search by discipline: History
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Project Muse• Peer-reviewed journals• Wide variety of humanities and
social science subjects• Complete journal content,
including charts, graphs, and images
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EBSCO Databases• America: Histor
y and Life with Full Text
• Historical Abstracts with Full Text
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We think of citation patterns as the flow of information," says Carl Bergstrom, a biologist at the University of Washington. "That's what a citation is — the trace that an idea flowed from one place to another."
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Handout: Identifying types of citations• Book• Journal or Magazine• Conference Reports• Newspaper Article• Website
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Handout: Reading citationsA citation is a short, multi-part description of a specific information source. It provides the information that is needed to find a particular source. Journal citations contain such basic information as:
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Snowballing • Building on the works of others
• A scholarly article will always have References/Bibliography
• A bibliography is always ripe for
the picking…
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Tracking Citations
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Tracking CitationsDamp, Jonathan E., Stephen A. Hall and Susan J. Smith 2002 Early Irrigation on the Colorado Plateau near Zuni Pueblo, New Mexico. American Antiquity 67: 665-676
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Tracking CitationsDamp, Jonathan E., Stephen A. Hall and Susan J. Smith 2002 Early Irrigation on the Colorado Plateau near Zuni Pueblo, New Mexico. American Antiquity 67: 665-676
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Class Exercise• Is it a book or a journal?
• Check the appropriate source– Open WorldCat/Ebrary/Al Harris Catalog – Periodicals List
• If the citation is an article, do we have access through the databases?
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Google Search • PageRank (algorithm)
– 500 million variables– 2 Billion Terms
• Bias?
• Popularity is a Proxy for Importance
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Personalized Search • Google’s algorithm will suggest
“what is best for you” – based on past searches.
• It’s as if we looked up the same topic in an encyclopedia and each found different entries.
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Personalized Search• Find information that is most likely
to reinforce your own worldview
• We begin to lose dissenting opinion/conflicting points of view
• Yet search seems neutral, objective, unbiased.
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Personalized Search & the Internet• When ideology drives the
dissemination of information, knowledge is compromised.
• Inadvertently we indoctrinate ourselves with our own ideas.
• Google is likely to direct you to material with which you already agree.
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What are the repercussions for research carried out in an environment where Search itself is being compromised?
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Google: Improve Your SearchesSite Specific Command
What it does: searches only specific domains
What to type: Zuni Indians site:edu Zuni Indians site:gov
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Google Scholar• Google Scholar provides a simple
way to search for scholarly literature. Search across many disciplines and sources: peer-reviewed papers, theses, books, abstracts and articles, from academic publishers, professional societies, preprint repositories, universities and other scholarly organizations.
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Google Scholar• Works best for Citations
• Restrictions to Content– Fee-based
– Often your Library already owns material
– We’re working on improving access
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Southwest History:Internet Resources• Parallel Histories: Spain, United St
ates and the American Frontier• U.S.-Mexico Border Issues: A Selec
ted Bibliography from the Smithsonian Institution Libraries' Collections
• Exploring Hispanic History and Culture
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Review• Keywords/Boolean• Books:
– Open WorldCat/Ebrary/Catalog• Databases:
– JSTOR/Project Muse/American History EBSCO
• Google Site Search/Scholar
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Class Exercise• Divided into teams of four
• Find 2 articles & 2 books on Spanish Settlement and Exploration in the North American Southwest
• Use JSTOR/Ebrary/Open WorldCat
• Jot down Titles & Sources
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A good literature review…• Goes beyond simply listing relevant
literature• Is a critical essay • Assesses the range of literature
available• Is a critical summary of the literature• Examines the background against
which your own research is set• Forms a significant section of your
dissertation
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A good literature review…• Offers opinions and personal
response to the different writings• Relates different writings to each
other, compares and contrasts• Does not take the literature at face
value• Shows an awareness of the theories
and values that underpin the research• Uses particular language: authors
assert, argue, state, conclude, contend