IB/M/Jun15/E4 91451

General Certificate of Secondary Education June 2015

History (Specification B)

91451

Unit 1: International Relations: Conflict and Peace in the 20th Century

Monday 1 June 2015 9.00 am to 10.45 am

For this paper you must have: • an AQA 12-page answer book.

Time allowed • 1 hour 45 minutes Instructions • Use black ink or black ball-point pen. • Write the information required on the front of your answer booklet. The Paper

Reference is 91451. • Choose three consecutive topics. • Answer all questions on the three consecutive topics you have chosen. • Do all rough work in your answer book. Cross through any work you do not want to be

marked. Information • The topics are on the following pages:

Topic 1 The Origins of the First World War, c1890–1914 page 2 Topic 2 Peacemaking, 1918–1919 and the League of Nations page 3 Topic 3 Hitler’s Foreign Policy and the Origins of the Second World War page 4 Topic 4 The Origins of the Cold War, 1945–1960 page 5 Topic 5 Crises of the Cold War and Détente, 1960–1980 page 6 Topic 6 The Collapse of Communism and the Post Cold War World, 1980–2000 page 7

• The marks for questions are shown in brackets. • The maximum mark for this paper is 60. • The sources in this question paper have been simplified to make them easier to

understand. • You are reminded of the need for good English and clear presentation in your answers.

All questions should be answered in continuous prose. Quality of Written Communication will be assessed in all answers.

Advice • You are advised to spend about 35 minutes on each topic.

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Choose three consecutive topics.

Answer all questions on the three topics you have chosen.

Topic 1: The Origins of the First World War, c1890–1914

Answer questions 0 1 0 2 and 0 3 . 0 1 Describe the international agreements made in the years 1890 to 1907 which Germany

believed had encircled her. [4 marks]

0 2 Study Source A.

Source A A British cartoon published on 12 August 1914.

Source A is commenting on German actions towards Belgium in 1914.

Do you agree that Germany’s actions towards Belgium were the main reasons that Britain joined the First World War? Explain your answer using the source and your knowledge.

[6 marks] 0 3 Which of the following causes was more responsible for the outbreak of war in

Eastern Europe between Austria-Hungary and Serbia in 1914: • the aims and actions of Serbia and the Black Hand • the aims and actions of Austria-Hungary? You must refer to both causes when explaining your answer.

[10 marks]

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Topic 2: Peacemaking, 1918–1919 and the League of Nations Answer questions 0 4 0 5 and 0 6 . 0 4 Describe the peacekeeping powers of the League of Nations in 1920.

[4 marks] 0 5 Study Source B.

Source B A British cartoon published on 19 January 1933.

Source B is commenting on the response of the League of Nations to the

Manchurian Crisis. Do you agree that the main reason for Japan’s success in the Manchurian Crisis was the attitude of Britain to the Crisis? Explain your answer using the source and your knowledge.

[6 marks] 0 6 Which leader was more satisfied by the terms of the Treaty of Versailles:

• Woodrow Wilson • Georges Clemenceau? You must refer to the aims of both leaders and the terms of the Treaty of Versailles when explaining your answer.

[10 marks]

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Topic 3: Hitler’s Foreign Policy and the Origins of the Second World War Answer questions 0 7 0 8 and 0 9 . 0 7 Describe Hitler’s aims in his foreign policy.

[4 marks] 0 8 Study Source C.

Source C From the Daily Express, 30 September 1938.

Be glad in your hearts. Give thanks to your God. People of Britain your children are safe. Your husbands and sons will not march into battle. If we must have a victor, let us choose Chamberlain. For the Prime Minister’s conquests are mighty and enduring – millions of happy homes and hearts relieved of their burden.

Source C is commenting on the effect of the Munich Agreement. Do you agree that peace in Europe was the main result of the Munich Agreement? Explain your answer using the source and your knowledge.

[6 marks] 0 9 Which of Hitler’s actions was more responsible for the outbreak of the

Second World War: • the remilitarisation of the Rhineland, 1936 • the Nazi-Soviet Pact, 1939? You must refer to both bullet points when explaining your answer.

[10 marks]

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Topic 4: The Origins of the Cold War, 1945–1960 Answer questions 1 0 1 1 and 1 2 . 1 0 Describe the part played by General MacArthur of the USA in the Korean War.

[4 marks] 1 1 Study Source D.

Source D A cartoon from a British newspaper, November 1956. Khrushchev is holding a notice that states ‘restoring order in Hungary’.

Source D is commenting on the Soviet invasion of Hungary in 1956.

Do you agree that the main reason for the Soviet invasion of Hungary in 1956 was to restore order? Explain your answer using the source and your knowledge.

[6 marks] 1 2 Which was more responsible for the start of the Cold War:

• the Potsdam Conference, July 1945 • the dropping of the atomic bombs, August 1945? You must refer to both events when explaining your answer.

[10 marks]

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Topic 5: Crises of the Cold War and Détente, 1960–1980 Answer questions 1 3 1 4 and 1 5 . 1 3 Describe the main features of Détente in the 1970s.

[4 marks] 1 4 Study Source E.

Source E A British cartoon published in May 1960. The figures on the left of the cartoon are the Western leaders and the figure on the right is Khrushchev.

Source E is commenting on the shooting down of the U2 over the USSR in 1960. Do you agree that the U2 incident was the main reason for the end of Khrushchev’s policy of peaceful co-existence? Explain your answer using the source and your knowledge.

[6 marks] 1 5 Which was the greater success for Khrushchev and the USSR:

• the building of the Berlin Wall, 1961 • the Cuban Missile Crisis, 1962? You must refer to both events when explaining your answer.

[10 marks]

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Topic 6: The Collapse of Communism and the Post Cold War World, 1980–2000 Answer questions 1 6 1 7 and 1 8 . 1 6 Describe the response of the United Nations (UN) to the invasion of Kuwait by Iraq in the

years 1990 to 1991. [4 marks]

1 7 Study Source F.

Source F A British report on events in Kosovo in the 1990s.

After the break-up of the former Yugoslavia, Serbia responded to nationalist pressure from Kosovo by launching brutal attacks on the territory’s Albanian population, which were only brought to an end by NATO and the UN in 1999.

Source F is commenting on the role of NATO and the UN in Kosovo in the 1990s.

Do you agree the military actions of NATO and the UN were the main reasons for the success of Kosovo in its struggle for independence? Explain your answer using the source and your knowledge.

[6 marks] 1 8 Who was more important in causing the collapse of communism in Central and

Eastern Europe: • Lech Walesa, the leader of Solidarity in Poland • President Reagan of the USA? You must refer to both leaders when explaining your answer.

[10 marks]

END OF QUESTIONS

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Acknowledgement of copyright holders and publishers Permission to reproduce all copyright material has been applied for. In some cases, efforts to contact copyright holders have been unsuccessful and AQA will be happy to rectify any omissions of acknowledgements in future papers if notified. Source A: © Alamy Source B: © Solo Syndication, David Low, 1933, The British Cartoon Archive, University of Kent, www.cartoons.ac.uk Source C: © Express Newspapers/Express syndication Source D: © Mirrorpix Photo Archive Source E: © Vicky [Victor Weisz], New Statesman, 14 May 1960, The British Cartoon Archive, University of Kent, www.cartoons.ac.uk Source F: © BBC 2014 Copyright © 2015 AQA and its licensors. All rights reserved.

IB/M/Jun15/E3 91452

General Certificate of Secondary Education June 2015

History (Specification B)

91452

Unit 2: Twentieth Century Depth Studies

Wednesday 10 June 2015 9.00 am to 10.45 am

For this paper you must have: • an AQA 12-page answer book. Time allowed • 1 hour 45 minutes Instructions • Use black ink or black ball-point pen. • Write the information required on the front of your answer book. The paper reference is 91452. • Choose three topics – one from Section A, one from Section B and one from Section C. • You may not choose more than two of the following three topics:

The Roaring 20s: USA, 1918–1929 Depression and the New Deal: USA, 1929–1941 Race Relations in the USA, 1945–1968

• Answer all questions on each of your chosen topics. • Do all rough work in the answer book. Cross through any work you do not want to be marked. Information • The topics are on the following pages:

Section A Topic 1 From Tsardom to Communism: Russia, 1914–1924 Pages 2-3 Topic 2 Weimar Germany, 1919–1929 Pages 4-5 Topic 3 The Roaring 20s: USA, 1918–1929 Pages 6-7 Section B Topic 4 Stalin’s Dictatorship: USSR, 1924–1941 Page 8 Topic 5 Hitler’s Germany, 1929–1945 Page 8 Topic 6 Depression and the New Deal: The USA, 1929–1941 Page 9 Section C Topic 7 Race Relations in the USA, 1945–1968 Page 10 Topic 8 War in Vietnam, 1954–1975 Page 10 Topic 9 Britain: The Challenge in Northern Ireland, 1960–1999 Page 11 Topic 10 The Middle East, 1956–1999 Page 11

• The maximum mark for this paper is 69. • The marks for questions are shown in brackets. • You are reminded of the need for good English and clear presentation in your answers. All

questions should be answered in continuous prose. Quality of Written Communication will be assessed in all answers.

• Spelling, Punctuation and Grammar will be assessed in questions 03, 06 and 09 in Section A; in questions 11, 13, 15 in Section B; in questions 17, 19, 21 and 23 in Section C. The marks for Spelling, Punctuation and Grammar (SPaG) are shown below the mark allocation for each question.

Advice • You are advised to spend about 35 minutes on each of your chosen topics.

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Section A

Choose one topic from this section.

Answer all questions on your chosen topic.

Total for this topic: 23 marks

Topic 1: From Tsardom to Communism: Russia, 1914–1924 Answer questions 0 1 0 2 and 0 3 . 0 1 Study Source A.

Source A War Communism

Lenin introduced War Communism to ensure that the Red Army had enough food. This meant that peasants were forced to hand over a lot of their food. The peasants resisted. Many hid food, risking punishment if they were caught. Many peasants preferred to grow less grain rather than give it away free to feed other people.

What does Source A suggest about War Communism?

[4 marks] 0 2 Explain why the Provisional Government faced difficulties when it was in power between

March and October/November 1917. [6 marks]

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0 3 Study Source B.

Source B ‘The Russian Tsars at home’ A popular and widely seen Russian cartoon showing Rasputin as a father figure with the Tsar and Tsarina as children on his knee.

How useful is Source B for studying why the rule of the Tsar collapsed in

February/March 1917? Use Source B and your knowledge to explain your answer.

[10 marks] [SPaG 3 marks]

If you have answered the questions on Topic 1,

turn now to page 8 for Section B

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Total for this topic: 23 marks Topic 2: Weimar Germany, 1919–1929 Answer questions 0 4 0 5 and 0 6 . 0 4 Study Source C.

Source C The Treaty of Versailles, 1919

The Allies told the German government that if it didn’t sign the Treaty of Versailles the war would resume. The Germans had to admit that they were responsible for starting the war. This meant the French could insist that the Germans pay for damages caused by the war. The French leader had wanted even harsher terms.

What does Source C suggest about the Treaty of Versailles?

[4 marks] 0 5 Explain the changes in the Nazi party in the years 1920 to 1924.

[6 marks]

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0 6 Study Source D.

Source D ‘The Big City’ by Otto Dix, 1928 Otto Dix painted scenes of Berlin nightlife. He disapproved of the new standards of dress and behaviour.

How useful is Source D for studying how far the Weimar Republic recovered

under Stresemann? Use Source D and your knowledge to explain your answer.

[10 marks] [SPaG 3 marks]

If you have answered the questions on Topic 2,

turn now to page 8 for Section B

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Total for this topic: 23 marks Topic 3: The Roaring 20s: USA, 1918–1929 Answer questions 0 7 0 8 and 0 9 . 0 7 Study Source E.

Source E Women in the 1920s

Every state in the USA had granted women the vote by 1920. At this time many standards of behaviour and dress were relaxed. Older people found the fashion for late night dancing, short hair and short skirts shocking. More women were working but were still paid less than men.

What does Source E suggest about American women in the 1920s?

[4 marks] 0 8 Explain American attitudes and policies towards immigration in the 1920s.

[6 marks]

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0 9 Study Source F.

Source F A magazine advert for Ford Cars in the 1920s

How useful is Source F for studying the economic boom in the USA in the 1920s?

Use Source F and your knowledge to explain your answer. [10 marks]

[SPaG 3 marks]

If you have answered the questions on Topic 3, turn now to page 8 for Section B

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Section B

Choose one topic from this section.

Answer both questions on your chosen topic.

Either Total for this topic: 23 marks

Topic 4: Stalin’s Dictatorship: USSR, 1924–1941 Answer questions 1 0 and 1 1 . 1 0 Explain why there was a power struggle within the Communist Party in the years

following Lenin’s death. [8 marks]

1 1 ‘The Purges were the main reason why Stalin was able to strengthen his position as

dictator in the 1930s.’ How far do you agree with this interpretation? Explain your answer.

[12 marks] [SPaG 3 marks]

If you have answered the questions on Topic 4,

turn now to page 10 for Section C or

Total for this topic: 23 marks Topic 5: Hitler’s Germany, 1929–1945 Answer questions 1 2 and 1 3 . 1 2 Explain how the failures of the Weimar Republic in the years 1929 to 1933 increased

support for the Nazi party. [8 marks]

1 3 ‘All Germans benefitted from Nazi rule in the years 1933 to 1939.’

How far do you agree with this interpretation? Explain your answer.

[12 marks] [SPaG 3 marks]

If you have answered the questions on Topic 5,

turn now to page 10 for Section C

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or Total for this topic: 23 marks

Topic 6: Depression and the New Deal: The USA, 1929–1941 Answer questions 1 4 and 1 5 . 1 4 Explain why Hoover lost the 1932 Presidential election.

[8 marks] 1 5 ‘The Second World War was the main reason why the American economy recovered

from the Depression.’ How far do you agree with this interpretation? Explain your answer.

[12 marks] [SPaG 3 marks]

If you have answered the questions on Topic 6,

turn now to page 10 for Section C

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Section C

Choose one topic from this section.

Answer both questions on your chosen topic.

Either Total for this topic: 23 marks

Topic 7: Race Relations in the USA, 1945–1968 Answer questions 1 6 and 1 7 . 1 6 Why was there a crisis at Little Rock High School in 1957?

[8 marks] 1 7 ‘The role of Martin Luther King was the most important factor in the growth of the Civil

Rights movement in the 1960s.’ How far do you agree with this interpretation? Explain your answer.

[12 marks] [SPaG 3 marks]

or

Total for this topic: 23 marks Topic 8: War in Vietnam, 1954–1975 Answer questions 1 8 and 1 9 . 1 8 Why did the USA become involved in Vietnam in the years 1954 to 1960?

[8 marks] 1 9 ‘The Tet Offensive was the main reason the USA lost the Vietnam War.’

How far do you agree with this interpretation? Explain your answer.

[12 marks] [SPaG 3 marks]

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or Total for this topic: 23 marks

Topic 9: Britain: The challenge in Northern Ireland, 1960–1999 Answer questions 2 0 and 2 1 . 2 0 Why did the Good Friday Agreement in 1998 help to solve the problems of Northern Ireland?

[8 marks] 2 1 ‘The Civil Rights Marches of 1968–1969 were the main reason why no solution was

found to the Troubles in Northern Ireland in the late 1960s and early 1970s.’ How far do you agree with this interpretation? Explain your answer.

[12 marks] [SPaG 3 marks]

or

Total for this topic: 23 marks Topic 10: The Middle East, 1956–1999 Answer questions 2 2 and 2 3 . 2 2 Why did support for the Arabs increase during the 1970s?

[8 marks] 2 3 ‘The Suez Crisis was the main reason why it was difficult to solve problems in the Middle

East in the years 1956 to 1967.’ How far do you agree with this interpretation? Explain your answer.

[12 marks] [SPaG 3 marks]

END OF QUESTIONS

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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT OF COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND PUBLISHERS Permission to reproduce all copyright material has been applied for. In some cases, efforts to contact copyright holders have been unsuccessful and AQA will be happy to rectify any omissions of acknowledgements in future papers if notified. Source B: © Mary Evans Picture Library Source D: © Alamy Source F: Image Courtesy of The Advertising Archives Copyright © 2015 AQA and its licensors. All rights reserved.