History of sports med andthe Sports Medicine Team

Sports Medicine

Definition: Branch of medicine concerned with the medical aspects of sports participation

Athletic Trainers: (ATs) are health care professionals who collaborate with physicians to provide preventative services, emergency care, clinical diagnosis, therapeutic intervention and rehabilitation of injuries and medical conditions.

Historical perspectives Evidence of sporting events have been around since

early societies Greeks and Romans Athletic training as we know it came into existence

during the late 19th century with the establishment of intercollegiate and interscholastic athletes in the US.

Early athletic trainers possessed no technical knowledge and used various methods such at rubs, ointments, counterirritants and home remedies to treat the athlete

It has taken MANY years for the athletic trainer to attain the status of a well-qualified and educated allied health care professional

Trainers vs Athletic Trainers

Historically, “training” implies the act of coaching or teaching

In comparison, “athletic training” has been known as the field concerned with the athlete’s health and safety

What is a “trainer”???? Someone who trains dogs or horses or functions in coaching or teaching acts

What is an ATHLETIC TRAINER??? A certified or licensed individual who specializes in the prevention and care of athletic injuries or illnesses

Roles and Responsibilities of Athletic Trainers The AT is the person who deals with

the patient throughout the initial injury management and rehabilitation process from restricted use to return to play activity FIVE DOMAINS

▪ 1. Injury/prevention and wellness protection▪ 2. Clinical evaluation and diagnosis▪ 3. Immediate and emergency care▪ 4. Treatment and rehabilitation▪ 5. Organization and professional health and

well-being

Roles and Responsibilities of the Athletic Trainer Prevention Conducting Pre-participation physical exams Developing Training and conditioning

programs Ensuring a safe playing environment by

minimizing safety hazards Selecting, fitting, and maintaining protective

equipment Explaining the importance of diet and

lifestyle choices

Roles and Responsibilities of the Athletic Trainer Proper medication usage Clinical evaluation and diagnosis Understanding pathology of injury

and illness Referring patients to medical care Referring patients to other support

services Immediate and Emergency Care Treatment and Reconditioning Designing and supervising rehab

programs Incorporating Therapeutic modalities

Roles and Responsibilities of Athletic Trainers Offering psychosocial intervention Record keeping Ordering equipment and supplies Supervising personnel Establishing policies and procedures Continuing education Educator Counseling and advising patients Research

Qualities needed

Stamina and ability to adapt to job Empathy Sense of humor Ability to communicate Intellectual curiosity Ethical Professional membership

Sports Medicine

Sports Participation In the United States, 6.7 million public

high school children are involved in sports activities annually.

Title IX Education Assistance Act of 1972 Since its passing, female sports participation

increased by 700%. Research indicates injuries are sports

specific, NOT gender specific.

General Injury Data*According to a Pennsylvania study, rates of athletic injuries among of high school students were:

Football – 46.7% Boys’ basketball –10% Wrestling – 9.68% Girls basketball – 7.5%

In a two-year study of a community sports program, children participating in soccer had the highest rate of injury, followed by baseball, football, and softball.

Contusions were the most common injury.

Definition of Sports Injury There is no universally acceptable definition. The majority of today’s definitions use “time lost” criteria as the

major determinant.

Extent of Injuries: Tackle Football

25.5 injuries for every 100 players with the highest rate of injury occurring during games.

Game injury rates were double the rates seen in practice.

Hip, thigh, and leg regions injured most often. 2.4% of injuries required surgery, and of those 59.4%

involved the knee. Contusions, strains, sprains, and fractures are

common injuries. Offensive players have higher risk than defensive

players. Older players have higher risk than younger ones. Spinal cord and brain injuries are a major concern.

Extent of Injuries: Basketball

Ankle sprains are the most common injury in both sexes.

Girls have higher risk of knee injuries than boys and are more likely to require surgery.

The rate of ACL injury during games was 3 times higher for women than men.

Extent of Injuries: Baseball

over 450,000 high school boys participated. Nearly 12% sustained injuries.

Forearm/wrist/hand or shoulder/arm were often injured.

Of these injuries, most were strains or sprains. Children between the ages 5 and 14 have

increased vulnerability to chest impact injuries from balls.

Little League Elbow – Chronic elbow injuries are a concern for adolescent pitchers. Sidearm pitching presents the greatest risk for elbow

problems.

Extent of Injuries: Wrestling

240,000 high school participants. About 27% sustained injuries.

Collisions with opponents and mats, and takedown and escape maneuvers resulted in various injuries.

Shoulder/arm, knee, and forearm/wrist/hand were injured most often. Most of these injuries were strains & sprains.

Friction burns, skin infections, weight management, and “cauliflower ear” are also common issues.

Extent of Injuries: Volleyball

Extent of Injuries: Volleyball During 2004, nearly 400,000 high

school girls participated. Nearly 15% suffered injury, mostly

sprains. Ankle/foot region is most often

injured.

Extent of Injuries: Soccer

In the United States, there are 14 million participants under 18 years of age.

During the 2002 season almost: 340,000 high school boys participated. 300,000 high school girls participated.

Contusions are the most common injury. The majority of injuries are in the lower extremity –

accounting for about 60% of total injuries. Female athletes have a higher ratio of knee, specifically

ACL, injuries than male athletes. Research has shown that the majority of head injuries

result from collisions not intentional heading. Improperly constructed, movable soccer goals have been

involved in a number of severe injuries and deaths.

Professional Associations

NATA – National Athletic Trainers Association

▪ 10 Districts; established in 1950

SWATA – Southwest Athletic Trainers Association

▪ District 6 of the NATA ( Texas and Arkansas); established in 1954

Professional Organizations FIMS- International Federation of

Sports Medicine AAFP- American Academy of Family

Physicians ACSM- American College of Sports

Medicine AOSSM- American Orthopedic

Society for Sports Medicine NSCA- National Strength and

Conditioning Association

Professional Organizations American Academy of Pediatrics,

Sports Committee APTA- American Physical Therapy

Association, Sports Physical Therapy Section

NCAA- NCAA Committee on Competitive Safegaurds and Medical Aspects in Sports

NASM- National Academy of Sports Medicine

Sports Medicine Team

The team’s role in medical management of athletes includes:

Coordinating pre-participation physical exams. Providing medical management of injuries and

illnesses on and off the field. Coordinating rehab and a safe return to

participation after illness or injury. Providing education and counseling for coaches,

athletes, and parents. Providing proper documentation and medical

record keeping.

Who is Included in the Sports Medicine Team?

•Primary Care Physicians •Orthopedic Surgeons •Athletic Trainers•Sports Physical Therapists•Dentists•Exercise Physiologist•Strength & Conditioning Coaches•Sports Nutritionists•Sports Psychologists•Podiatrist •Biomechanist •Sports Massage Therapy

Why?

Who is Included in the Sports Medicine Team?

Primary Care Physician (MD)– general practitioner Treats acute or chronic illness and provides

preventative care and health education for all ages and genders.

When your sick, wellness check ups, physicals, etc.. Orthopedic- Doctor who specializes in bones,

muscular tissue, joints, ligaments, and tendons. Sets broken bones, dislocations, strains, sprains,

degenerative issues, etc…

Who is Included in the Sports Medicine Team?

Sports Psychologist – Studies the human mind (not a medical Dr.; can not prescribe) Deals with mental health issues among athletes.

▪ Career ending injuries, long term rehabilitation, personal issues, etc.

Dentist – Treats and examines dental issues Broken/Chipped tooth, Avulsion, Infection, etc..

Podiatrist – Treats and diagnoses disorders and injuries to the foot and ankle Plantar fasciitis, bunions, foot mechanics, etc…

Who is Included in the Sports Medicine Team?

Ophthalmologist – Treats diseases and conducts surgeries of the eye and pathways Object impaled in the eye, retina

detachment, etc… Optometrist – Conducts eye exams

and vision issues related to the eye Glasses and contacts

Who is Included in the Sports Medicine Team?

Exercise Physiologist – Study of acute/chronic changes in response to a wide range of exercise conditions (effect of exercise on pathology) Research studies/ clinical trials

Biomechanist – analyze human motion; studies human movement

Who is Included in the Sports Medicine Team?

Sports Physical Therapist – A physical therapist who is highly trained in the rehabilitation, evaluation, and treatment of an injury specifically dealing with an athlete or athletic injury.

Key Team Members

Coaches

Team Physicians – Captain of the Team

NATABOC-Certified Athletic Trainer (ATC) or Licensed Athletic Trainer (LAT)

Coaches

Coaches in public school settings should be trained in:

Basic conditioning procedures. Maintenance and fitting of protective

equipment. First aid/CPR/AED training Recognition and management of

common sports injuries. Skills instruction

Athletic Trainer

LAT – Licensed Athletic Trainer: Licensed to practice injury prevention, recognition, assessment, management, treatment, disposing of, and reconditioning athletic injuries under the direction of a physician licensed in the state of Texas.

Student must complete 1,800 internship hours to be eligible

Athletic Trainer

BOC- (Board of Certification); Certified Athletic Trainer (ATC): an allied health care

professional with extensive education in clinical care & prevention of sports injuries. (50 CEU’s every two years)

The knowledge and skills identified in the Competencies consist of 8 Content Areas: Evidence-Based Practice Prevention and Health Promotion Clinical Examination and Diagnosis Acute Care of Injury and Illness Therapeutic Interventions Psychosocial Strategies and Referral Healthcare Administration Professional Development and Responsibility

Commission on Accreditation of Athletic Training Education

To qualify for national certification: Complete a CAATE-accredited Athletic Training

Education Program (ATEP). EX: TCU, Texas State, SFA, Baylor, UTA, Texas Tech, Arkansas,

UCA, Hardin Simmons, MSU Take certification examination that is now offered via a

national network of computerized testing centers Takes 2-4 hours to complete; 150 questions

To become an athletic trainer, candidates must graduate with a degree in Athletic Training from an accredited athletic training program and successfully pass the Board of Certification (BOC) Exam.  To practice as an athletic trainer in most states, the individual must also be credentialed within the state.  Degrees in physical therapy, exercise science, strength and conditioning or others DO NOT qualify the candidate to sit for the BOC examination

CAATE accredits educational programs in athletic training at three different levels:

Professional Programs lead to eligibility to sit for the Board of Certification examination and to enter the profession of athletic training. Professional Programs are available at both the baccalaureate and post-baccalaureate degree levels.

Post-Professional Degree Programs lead to a degree (masters or doctorate) for learners that are already credentialed as athletic trainers and expand the depth and breadth of the applied, experiential, and propositional knowledge and skills of athletic trainers through didactic, clinical, and research experiences. These programs DO NOT qualify the learner to sit for the BOC exam.

Post-Professional Residency Programs are formal educational programs that offer structured curricula, including didactic and clinical components, to educate Athletic Trainers. They are designed to build upon and expand the Athletic Trainer’s knowledge and experience acquired during professional (entry-level) education.The database may be searched by program type (professional, post professional degree, post professional residency), degree level, or state.

Commission on Accreditation of Athletic Training Education

Professional Settings for Athletic Trainers

Professional Settings for Athletic Trainers

Colleges/Universities

Secondary Schools Professional Sports Rehabilitation

Clinics/Hospitals Industrial Settings NASCAR Academic Corporate Settings

Military Rodeo Fine Arts Law Enforcement NASA Medical Equipment

Sales Physician Extender Recreational Sports

How Do You Get an Athletic Training Job?

Open Position Postings School websites, professional association

websites (TSATA, NATA & SWATA)

Networking

Annual Symposiums/conferences Job postings and interviews

Resume

Name/Contact Information Objective Education Certifications/Licenses Work Experience Awards/honors Activities References