history of the atomic theory. democritus - matter around 500 bce said everything is made up of...

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History of the Atomic Theory

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Page 1: History of the Atomic Theory. Democritus - Matter Around 500 BCE Said everything is made up of matter He called these matter, atomos (not cut) This

History of the Atomic Theory

Page 2: History of the Atomic Theory. Democritus - Matter Around 500 BCE Said everything is made up of matter He called these matter, atomos (not cut) This

Page 3: History of the Atomic Theory. Democritus - Matter Around 500 BCE Said everything is made up of matter He called these matter, atomos (not cut) This

Democritus - Matter

• Around 500 BCE• Said everything is made up of matter• He called these matter, atomos (not cut)• This is where the word atom comes from

Page 4: History of the Atomic Theory. Democritus - Matter Around 500 BCE Said everything is made up of matter He called these matter, atomos (not cut) This

Aristotle - Matter

• Contrasted Democritus• Said everything is made up of 4 elements– Earth– Fire– Water– Wind

• Most believed Aristotle over Democritus for over 2000 years!

Page 5: History of the Atomic Theory. Democritus - Matter Around 500 BCE Said everything is made up of matter He called these matter, atomos (not cut) This

John Dalton - Atom

• In 1803, proposed the first atomic theory• Each element are made up of tiny particles called atoms

that are solid spheres• Atoms are indivisible and cannot be created nor destroyed• All atoms of each element are identical• All atoms of one element are different from all atoms of

another element• Atoms may combine to form compounds

– Law of multiple proportions• We call this the “Billiard Ball” model

Page 6: History of the Atomic Theory. Democritus - Matter Around 500 BCE Said everything is made up of matter He called these matter, atomos (not cut) This

J.J. Thomson - Electron

• 100 years after Dalton in 1904• His work around a cathode ray tubes• Lead to the idea of negatively charged

particles which he called electrons• Thomson said that atoms must be neutral so

the rest of the solid sphere must be positive• Called the plum-pudding model

Page 7: History of the Atomic Theory. Democritus - Matter Around 500 BCE Said everything is made up of matter He called these matter, atomos (not cut) This

Earnest Rutherford – Nucleus and Proton

• 1911, he did an experiment of bombarding a gold foil with alpha particles

• Most alpha particles went through the foil• Some deflected slightly• Some deflected a lot and some even bounced back• He postulated that the atom must have a dense

center which is small, he called it the nucleus– He also said the center must be positively charged in

which he called protons

Page 8: History of the Atomic Theory. Democritus - Matter Around 500 BCE Said everything is made up of matter He called these matter, atomos (not cut) This

Niels Bohr – Electron Orbital Model

• Around 1913, observed different lines of light produced by excited hydrogen gas

• Said that the lines are produced by different electrons in different orbital levels and that each level can only hold a certain amount of electrons

Page 9: History of the Atomic Theory. Democritus - Matter Around 500 BCE Said everything is made up of matter He called these matter, atomos (not cut) This

Similarities between Rutherford and Bohr

• As Bohr was a student of Rutherford and Bohr did his research in Rutherford’s lab, their models are very similar

• Typically, their models are blended into one and referred to as the Rutherford-Bohr Model.

Page 10: History of the Atomic Theory. Democritus - Matter Around 500 BCE Said everything is made up of matter He called these matter, atomos (not cut) This

Homework

• Page 142 #4• Page 144 #7 and 9

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