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TRANSCRIPT
1
History Quiz A presentation by Neil Martin to the KEU3A Local History Group on
18th January 2017
KINGSBRIDGE ESTUARY
LOCAL HISTORY
After the quiz, we will take a few minutes to discuss if any of
these topics might be of interest for future Society
meetings?
2
Question 1
Where would you find a Celtic hilltop fort close to Kingsbridge?
Blackdown Rings (or
Loddiswell Rings) was
built around 400BC by
the Celts
The reason for the emergence of hill forts in Britain, and their purpose, has
been a subject of debate
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The Celts or Keltoi – as branded by the Ancient Greeks in about 500 BC –
built chains of hilltop forts for defence and settlement in Devon and vestiges
of these remain around Kingsbridge and Salcombe
Keltoi were banded together on the basis of their language
The Blackdown Rings are the earthworks of an Iron Age hill fort near the
hamlet of Hazelwood in Devon, England. The fort is situated on a hilltop
approximately 185 metres above sea level, in a commanding position above
the River Avon.
For information, there are over 100 recorded Iron Age or older sites within
30 km of the Blackdown Hills:
• 5.2km E 92° Halwell Camp South West* Hillfort (SX77255165) 5.4km E 89° Ritson Barrows Barrow Cemetery (SX77435204) 5.7km NW 298° Ugborough
Parish Church Prehistoric Earthwork* Ancient Village or Settlement (SX67755575) 6.5km E 82° Halwell Camp North East* Hillfort (SX784532) 7.3km SW
238° Bigbury Tumuli Barrow Cemetery (SX667470) 8.2km NW 297° Cantrell* Multiple Stone Rows / Avenue (SX657572) 8.2km SW 244° Marwell St.
Mary's Well* Holy Well or Sacred Spring (SX653472) 8.3km W 274° Holy Well, Ermington* Holy Well or Sacred Spring (SX6380853189) 8.6km NW 308°
Ugborough Beacon Cairns Cairn (SX667588) 8.6km NW 301° Cuckoo Ball Chambered Tomb* Chambered Tomb (SX659581) 8.9km NW 304° Butterdon
Hill Long Cairn* Long Barrow (SX66015859) 9.3km NW 302° Butterdon Hill Cairns* Cairn (SX655587) 9.4km NW 303° Butterdon Stone Circle* Stone Circle
(SX65555880) 9.4km NW 306° Butterdon East Stone Row / Alignment (SX65905920) 9.6km NW 312° Scad Brook Ancient Village or Settlement
(SX66685998) 9.6km NW 306° Butterdon Hill Cist* Cist (SX65785934) 9.7km NW 301° Weatherdon Hill Ring Cairn (SX65165889) 9.7km NW 305°
Butterdon Hill Barrow* Round Barrow(s) (SX657594) 9.7km W 263° Holbury Camp (Devon) Hillfort (SX62385049) 9.8km N 343° Brent Hill* Hillfort
(SX704617) 10.0km NW 307° Spurrells Cross Cairn Circle* Stone Circle (SX658598) 10.0km NW 306° Butterdon Hill Row* Stone Row / Alignment
(SX65555970) 10.0km NW 308° Spurrell's Cross* Ancient Cross (SX659600) 10.1km NW 313° Lower Glasscombe* Cist (SX66516050) 10.1km NW 308°
Spurrells Cross Row* Multiple Stone Rows / Avenue (SX658600) 10.3km NW 301° Butter Brook* Standing Stone (Menhir) (SX64725926) 10.4km NW 304°
Harford S* Multiple Stone Rows / Avenue (SX651598) 10.4km NW 305° Butterbrook* Stone Row / Alignment (SX652599) 10.5km NW 305° Harford Moor
N* Stone Row / Alignment (SX651599) 10.5km NW 309° Glasscombe Ball SW* Stone Row / Alignment (SX657604) 10.5km NW 320° Treeland Brake*
Stone Row / Alignment (SX673614) 10.5km NW 316° Corringdon Ball South* Multiple Stone Rows / Avenue (SX66656110) 10.6km NW 318° Ball Gate*
Ring Cairn (SX67006131) 10.6km NW 312° Glasscombe Ball NE* Multiple Stone Rows / Avenue (SX661608) 10.6km NW 312° Glasscombe Corner* Stone
Row / Alignment (SX661608) 10.6km NW 316° Corringdon Ball Central* Multiple Stone Rows / Avenue (SX66656115) 10.6km NW 301° Harford
settlement* Ancient Village or Settlement (SX644594) 10.6km NW 308° Hobajons Cross* Standing Stone (Menhir) (SX655604) 10.6km NW 316°
Corringdon Ball SE* Stone Circle (SX66666120)
• 10.6km NW 319° Corringdon Ball Tomb* Chambered Tomb (SX670614) 10.6km NW 316° Corringdon Ball* Multiple Stone Rows / Avenue (SX66646121)
10.7km NW 316° Corringdon Ball N.* Stone Row / Alignment (SX666612)
•10.7km NW 302° Harford Moor Stone Circle (SX645596) 10.7km NW 316° Corringdon Ball NW* Stone Circle (SX66656125) 10.7km NW 317° Brent Fore
Hill* Multiple Stone Rows / Avenue (SX667613) 10.8km NW 315° Upper Glazebrook* Ancient Village or Settlement (SX66366126) 10.9km SW 233° Burgh
Island fort Promontory Fort / Cliff Castle (SX647439)
•10.9km SW 233° Burgh Island fort Promontory Fort / Cliff Castle (SX647439) 10.9km NW 309° The Longstone (Piles Hill)* Standing Stone (Menhir)
(SX654607) 11.1km NW 304° Lower Piles* Stone Circle (SX645602) 11.1km NW 309° Piles Hill Cairns* Cairn (SX653609) 11.1km NW 310° Piles Hill NE*
Stone Row / Alignment (SX654610) 11.3km NW 322° Hickley Ridge Central* Cist (SX67256225) 11.3km NW 323° Hickley Ridge East* Cist (SX67406238)
11.4km NW 318° Hickley Ridge West Cist (SX66596203) 11.4km NW 304° Lower Piles Enclosed Settlement Ancient Village or Settlement (SX64376048)
11.4km N 345° Tynacombe Ring Cairn (SX70376328) 11.4km NE 5° Leech Wells* Holy Well or Sacred Spring (SX799603) 11.4km NW 308° Piles Hill W*
Multiple Stone Rows / Avenue (SX649610) 11.6km NW 301° Burford Down (Tritis Rock) Cairn (SX63776015) 11.6km NW 301° Burford Down Stone Circle
(SX637601) 11.6km NW 301° Burford Down* Stone Row / Alignment (SX637601) 11.7km SE 118° Slapton Castle Hillfort (SX808443) 11.8km NE 56°
Totnes Museum* Museum (SX8030060419) 12.1km NW 311° Shap Tor North East Stone Row / Alignment (SX65006188) 12.2km NW 328° Black Tor SW
Multiple Stone Rows / Avenue (SX677634) 12.2km NW 304° Stalldown South East Stone Row / Alignment (SX63756107) 12.4km NW 304° Stalldown
Ancient Village or Settlement (SX63706120) 12.5km NW 314° Three Barrows (Ugborough Moor)* Cairn (SX65316259) 12.7km NW 331° Brent Moor House
Cist (SX68026404) 13.0km NW 310° Three Barrows West prehistoric settlement* Ancient Village or Settlement (SX64466258) 13.0km NW 330° Riders
Rings* Ancient Village or Settlement (SX67876436)
•13.1km N 346° Skerraton Down Round Cairn (SX703650) 13.2km N 339° Harbourne Head Stone Circle (SX691649) 13.2km NW 307° Hillson's House*
Cairn (SX63666228) 13.3km SW 211° Bolt Tail Hillfort (SX670397) 13.3km N 343° Harbourne Head Standing Stone* Standing Stone (Menhir) (SX697651)
13.3km N 339° Harbourne Head cairns* Barrow Cemetery (SX691650) 13.3km NW 306° Stalldown Ring Cairn Ring Cairn (SX63536231) 13.4km NW 333°
Gripper's Hill Ancient Village or Settlement (SX68156486) 13.5km NW 305° Stalldon Row* Stone Row / Alignment (SX632623) 13.6km NW 306° Stall Moor
SW Stone Circle (SX63246241) 13.6km NW 320° Knatta Barrow Ring Cairn (SX65956420) 13.8km NW 304° Stalldown West* Cist (SX62836233) 13.9km
NW 337° Gripper's Hill Cairn Circle* Ring Cairn (SX68656550) 14.1km NW 332° Dean Moor Enclosed Settlement* Ancient Village or Settlement
(SX67766545) 14.1km NW 311° Dry Lake North Settlement* Ancient Village or Settlement (SX639636) 14.2km NW 308° Stalldown North* Cairn
(SX63276323) 14.2km NW 332° Brockhill Ford* Cairn (SX678656) 14.2km NW 325° Eastern White Barrow Cairn Cairn (SX66546516) 14.3km NW 304°
Harrowthorn* Cairn (SX62456265) 14.3km NW 298° Rook Tor Stone Circle (SX612614) 14.4km NW 332° Brockhill Settlement* Ancient Village or
Settlement (SX677657) 14.5km W 292° Delamore House dolmen* Modern Stone Circle / Monolith (SX5991760112) 14.5km NW 310° Blatchford Brook
Foot Settlement* Ancient Village or Settlement (SX635638) 14.7km W 274° Wasteberry Camp Hillfort (SX5738854066) 14.9km NW 307° Ranny Brookhead
Cist* Cist (SX62616354) 15.0km NW 321° Western White Barrow* Cairn (SX65366547) 15.0km NW 302° Dendles Waste Cairn (SX61536279) 15.0km NW
306° Ranny Brook Enclosure Ancient Village or Settlement (SX62326354) 15.0km NW 312° Stall Moor circle* Stone Circle (SX63516444) 15.1km NW 312°
Upper Erme Row* Stone Row / Alignment
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Question 2 After the Norman invasion of 1066 who became the major land
owners of the lands around Kyngysbrygge, or as it is better known,
Kingsbridge?
Any clues now?
After the Norman invasion of 1066 lands around Kingsbridge passed to the
Abbots of Buckfast Abbey (Church of St Mary)
Question 3 Henry VI issued a charter in the mid-15th century to allow
Kingsbridge to hold some event weekly and annually, what was it?
Henry VI granted a charter conferring the right for
an annual fair and a weekly market to be held in
the town
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King of England twice 1422 to 1461 and again from 1470 to 1471, and
disputed King of France from 1422 to 1453
Henry VI, aged nine months, is shown
being placed in the care of the Earl of
Warwick
Mid-15th century depiction of
Henry being crowned King of
France
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Question 4
To the nearest 10, how many houses were reported in Kingsbridge
in the mid 1600’s?
By the 17th century Kingsbridge had 100 houses
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In 1586 a map shows a well-organised main street with the market and pillory in front of the church and long back gardens extending down to the streams on either side.
First town plan of Kingsbridge
Question 5
What was the previous name for the Crabshell area?
The estuary was not as we see it today ……..
Early photo of the Crabshell – 8:00am
8
In Kingsbridge and Salcombe, formal shipyards were constructed.
In Kingsbridge these occupied the foreshores known as Bond’s
Quay, now the Crabshell
…. the area became a bustling port with a large transhipment of
goods together with many shipbuilding yards along its banks
Early photo of Bond’s Quay, Kingsbridge
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Bond’s Quay with paddle steamer
Question 6
What is a Turnpike Trust?
A turnpike is literally a defensive frame of pikes that can be turned
to allow passage of horses, but in this context it refers to a gate set
across the road to stop carts until a toll was paid
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• The poor state of the roads had always made travel inland slow
and difficult and it wasn’t until the advent of the Turnpike Trusts in
the first quarter of the 19th century that coach travel had become a
viable alternative to journeys by sea
• Creating a network of well-maintained roads was one of the major
achievements of 18th century England
• 12th April, 1824 the Kingsbridge Salcombe Trust was set up
– Only 50 odd years after most other parts of the country
– ‘many of the Roads in the South Part of the County of Devon are
narrow and inconvenient, circuitous and hilly’
– ’making and maintaining Turnpike roads from or near the Town of
Kingsbridge, Aveton Gifford, and from thence to unite with the
Turnpike Road from Modbury to Plymouth’
Typical milestone erected by the trust in a design
referred to as Modbury Triangle. This one is located
half a mile east of Modbury.
Question 7
Why did the shipyards in Kingsbridge Close and, for an extra point,
when did they close?
• Up to the early 19th century, roads around
Kingsbridge were narrow, miry and
dangerous and the hinterland so hilly that
the town looked to the sea and coastal
shipping as the best means of carrying
goods and passengers to the outside world
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• Although a rough lane wound around the muddy creeks - foot and pack
animals were widely used, the easiest and most direct route was by water
• Late 19th century - Improvements in the land communications network
combined with a lack of cheap, locally sourced building materials for the ship
building finally brought an end to the shipyards
– Railway arrived in Kingsbridge in 1893
Kingsbridge Station forecourt in c.1910 Kingsbridge Station
- note the coach meeting the train to
take tourists on to Salcombe
– Cars arrived 1898
Kingsbridge, Fore
Street 1918
…and for that extra point
• The last shipyard closed in 1912
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Question 8
What was the effect of the blizzard of 1891 in South Hams?
Kingsbridge – Fore Street
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• DAY 1 – Monday March 9th 1891
The Great Blizzard started midday after a wet and windy morning and the
storm increased in severity that afternoon and night.
– Gale and hurricane-force winds piled the snow into huge drifts which
blocked the roads
– Telegraph lines were blown down, railway lines were clogged
– Many travellers were stranded and forced to seek shelter where they could
– Loss of four ships between Torcross and Start Point resulting in the deaths
of 52 seamen
• The steamship Marana
• Schooners Lunesdale and Lizzie Ellen
• Barque Dryad all foundered along this stretch of coast during Monday
night and the desperate attempts to render aid in the midst of the
blizzard and the harrowing accounts of the survivors make compelling
reading.
• DAY 2 – Tuesday March 10th 1891
– Wind had died down a little although snow continued to fall heavily
– The storm was ‘enlivened by thunder and lightning’ during the day and
snow fell until midnight
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• DAY 3 – Wednesday March 11th 1891
– Wednesday dawned bright and clear and the extent of the damage began
to be assessed
• Large loss of livestock
• Orchards, trees and gardens ruined
• Many roofs collapsed
– Stable attached to the King of Prussia Inn at Dodbrooke
• All roads in the area blocked with drifts up to 16 feet deep
– It took three weeks for the South Hams to dig itself out
• Day 6 – 14th March
– Strong winds had abated and a thaw began, British reports of the time
spoke of:
• The deep ravine of Tavy Cleave - Dartmoor filled with driven snow to
depths of 300 feet
• Over 200 people and thousands of farm animals dead
• People trapped for days in the snow
– Up to ten trains vanished under the drifts, trapping passengers for days
• The sinking of dozens of ships in the English Channel.
– It was not until June that the last of the snow disappeared from parts of
Dartmoor
Question 9
Here is one especially
for those avid
gardeners. What was
grown for the first time
in the UK on the terrace
of the former Cliff
House at Salcombe
built in 1842?
The old Cliff House, Salcombe, viewed from the estuary in 1824
15
• In 1774 the first aloe ever to flower in Great Britain was grown on
this terrace
• This attracted significant interest
– In mid-June 1774, ‘a horizontal flower stem shot out, then slanted
upwards’
• Within a fortnight it was growing vertically at a rate of nine
inches (23cm) a day
• By August it was 25 feet (7.6m) high
– A handbill was printed and circulated….
‘Now to be seen at Salcombe, near Kingsbridge, in full blow, a
remarkable Aloe, supposed to be the largest that ever was seen in this
Kingdom; and altho’ continually exposed to the Weather, it hath grown
to the following dimensions: in height 20 feet (6.1m), length of leaf
9 feet (2.7m), thickness of ditto 6 inches (15cm). As the Proprietor hath
been at great Expenditure to keep it for the Curious, the Terms of
Admittance are, for Ladies and Gentlemen 2s.6d* each; all others at
One Shilling* each Person, to be paid at the Door.’
• Aloe continued to be grown after 1774 and once the Old Cliff House was
built
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Aloe that flowered on the terrace garden Aloe flowering on the terrace garden of
of the old Cliff House, Salcombe, 1824 the old Cliff House, Salcombe, post 1842
Question 10
Which famous US (and worldwide) religious leaders’ ancestors
were tenant farmers of Stancombe manor?
• Ancestors of Brigham Young (leader of the
Mormon church) were tenant farmers of
Stancombe Manor (Sherford, Kingsbridge)
• Stancombe Manor was
confiscated by the crown in the
C16th; it was owned by Sir
Henry Pollexfen (Crown
Prosecutor against Monmouth’s
followers) in the 17th century
and was divided amongst Drake
and Buller families in the 18th
century.
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Question 11
What happened in Aveton Gifford on Tuesday 26 January 1943?
• Aveton Gifford was bombed and strafed by the Luftwaffe, only a few houses
escaped damage; a child was killed and at least 20 people were injured,
some seriously
• Luftwaffe reports show the principal target
was Kingsbridge, but due to wind direction
this changed to the alternative target,
Loddiswell…. but they hit AG instead
Before
The original Rectory totally destroyed St Andrews church 1908 mostly destroyed
• The German planes circled around Loddiswell before approaching Aveton
Gifford from the East
Aftermath
Bombed church showing the devastated sanctuary (altar area) 1944
18
• The story and the aftermath can be read about in a collation published from
an eye witness’s perspective in ‘The Bombing of Aveton Gifford’ by Ken
Doughty
Question 12
What happened at Torcross in 1854 and what was the big upside?
19
• 1854 - Victorian era a road was built along the line, linking Kingsbridge with
Dartmouth along the coast for the first time
• A stagecoach service was soon to follow and this created much-needed
trade for the area
• 1854 - Robert Foale - twice a week from the Kings Arms Hotel to Dartmouth
and daily after 1864 when the railway was brought to Kingswear
• 1872 - William Vickery married John Tucker’s sister and became proprietor
of the Torcross Hotel. He took advantage of the change of horses here and
the addition of a fourth horse to help pull the coach up the hill at Strete Gate
as well as providing refreshments for the passengers
• 1880 - 18 coaches a week between Kingsbridge and Dartmouth
• 1888 - William Vickery took over the Anchor Hotel in Kingsbridge running
coaches from there daily to Dartmouth, the journey taking 3 hours ‘with
brakes fitted to all carriages and foot warmers sent if required’
• 1893 - Single fare was 3 shillings. Surprisingly 56 lb of luggage was allowed
per person and coaches awaited not only the arrival of trains in Dartmouth via
the ferry but also steamboats from Totnes. 1856
20
Question 13
What would the residents of Hallsands say in 1918?
21
Nothing
Nothing ….. as
22
• There was only one resident, Mrs. Elizabeth Prettejohn, left in
Hallsands
• There was only one resident, Mrs. Elizabeth Prettejohn, left in
Hallsands
23
• On 26 January 1917, a combination of easterly gales and
exceptionally high tides breached Hallsands' defences put up as a
result of the storm of 1890. By the end of that year only one house
remained habitable
• The U3A History Group are doing a future session specifically
on Hallsands
Question 14
The Cookworthy Museum building was constructed in the 17th
Century for what purpose?
• The Free Grammar School was built and endowed in 1670 by Thomas
Crispin, a Fuller of Exeter
– first headmaster - William Duncombe
24
• Thomas Crispin in his will in 1689, left
– three yearly rent-charges:
• £5 a year for repairs
• £15 for the head master, in consideration of his teaching at least 15
free scholars in classical learning; and
• £10 to a master for teaching 25 poor children to read and 12 to write
• A native of Kingsbridge comes into the
story in the next century
– William Cookworthy, born in 1705, the
eldest of a family of seven
• It is possible that he was a pupil of
Crispin's Grammar School
• The School remained in use until the early
1900's when the School itself moved further
down in to the town and eventually in to a new
building
Old Kingsbridge Grammar School buildings
25
• The museum was opened in 1972 in
the old Kingsbridge Grammar School
buildings by Mrs Evelyn Northcott who
persuaded English China Clays Ltd. to
rescue the derelict building
• The Museum was named after William
Cookworthy
Old Kingsbridge Grammar School buildings
Question 15
What was William Cookworthy’s claim to fame?
• William Cookworthy developed the first true hard-paste porcelain (‘china’) to
be made in this country rather than imported from China
26
• William Cookworthy
– He was born in Kingsbridge in 1705
– Eldest of a family of 7, William's father died when he was thirteen
leaving the family in difficult circumstances
– His fortunes changed at the age of fifteen
• A Quaker apothecary - Silvanus Bevan offered to take the boy
into his London business
– William set out on foot for London to take up this offer
– Returned to Devon in about 1726
• William set up in business with Silvanus Bevan as a manufacturing
chemist, trading in Plymouth as 'Bevan and Cookworthy
– He took an interest in the geology of the area
– Discovered deposits of kaolin and petunse, essential components of
true porcelain,
• The U3A History Group are doing a future session specifically on
William Cookworthy
Question 16
Why was Tacket Wood or Ticket Wood so called?
27
• Tacket or Ticket Wood is located in the parish of West Alvington
– Originally a wood
– Opened as a slate quarry, it produced large coarse slates and good
stone for general purposes
– Since its last workings in the 19th C. it reverted to thick woodland
– Being on the creek side of the old road to Salcombe and away from
the sea (e.g. Beesands), ships found it easy to berth and take on their
loads
•…. also one of four local venues for meetings led by John Hicks, the non-
conformist preacher
• Others being Sorley Green, the top of Lincombe Hill/Linkham Hill-head
and Saltstone Rock
Salt Stone is an area of rock, isolated at high tide, off Wareham Point, where Frogmore
Creek (on the left) joins the main Kingsbridge Estuary, which is between the rock and
Lincombe Boat Yard beyond
• The area became known as Ticket Wood because
attendees had to prove their adherence to non-
conformist faiths
– Preachers became victims of the Conventicles Act of
1664 that forbade religious assemblies of more than
five people outside the auspices of the C of E
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Troublous times; or, Leaves from the note-book
of the rev. mr. John Hicks
– Preachers were avidly prosecuted by
two local magistrates
• Brutally supported by their town
constable – John Lucas
– Constable John Lucas died in 1671
and Hicks was accused of his murder
and imprisoned at Exeter for a time
– Hicks left Devon and later joined the
Duke of Monmouth’s rebellion and was
executed in 1685
– Two other magistrates, more merciful
ended up being prosecuted for not
suppressing religious assemblies
– 1689, the Act of Toleration was passed, so people, excluding Catholics and
Unitarians, were permitted to practice their religion and build churches
Question 17
Where in Kingsbridge were the barracks built to house militiamen
for the Napoleonic War in 1804?
• Early 19th Century Army Barracks, Dodbrooke
– Temporary barracks was built on land on the east side of the estuary
about ½ mile west of High House
– They held 600 men and various regiments occupied them during the
war
• It was removed after the Napoleonic War except for the hospital and
gun room. The bakehouse formed part of Ivy Cottage and Windsor
Lodge was built in one of the fields in 1818
• Most of the materials of the structures were auctioned off in 1815
29
Question 18
Can you name one of the paddle steamers which was a forerunner
to the Rivermaid?
The passenger vessel 'Rivermaid' operates between Kingsbridge and Salcombe during the
summer months
There were 9 paddle steamers
•Salcombe Castle
•Ilton Castle
•Kenwith Castle
•The Express
•Reindeer
•Ringleader
•Queen
•Kings Bridge
•Kingsbridge
Packet
A steamer from Salcombe bound for
Kingsbridge
30
Question 19
When did the railway come to Kingsbridge?
• December 1893
– Kingsbridge railway station was the terminus station of the single
track branch of the GWR line from Brent to Kingsbridge
– The line became known as the Primrose Line
• It left the Brent to
Plymouth line at Brent and
ran 12 miles, following the
route of the River Avon to
Kingsbridge
• A proposed extension to
Salcombe was not
constructed
31
• A stone built station served the town and the surrounding area.
– Despite a great deal of local opposition, the station was closed for
freight and passengers on 16 September 1963
Kingsbridge Station, with a '4575' 2-6-2T.
View eastward, towards the buffer-stops:
The locomotive, No. 5558 (built 11/28,
withdrawn 10/60) is running round the
branch train standing at the platform.
Kingsbridge Station forecourt in c.1910 - note
the coach meeting the train to take tourists on
to Salcombe
Question 20
In the first part of the 20th century before Quay House became the
home of Kingsbridge Town Council, it was occupied by girls, why?
• Quay House was built in
1789 by the Ilbert family
• In 1902 it became
Twyford School for Girls
for about 50 years
• In the 1970s it became
the premises for
Kingsbridge Town Council
– In the grounds of
Quay House is the
stone base of the
Victorian drinking
fountain which used to stand on the quay
32
Question 21
What is the special ingredient of white ale once brewed in
Kingsbridge?
• The history of Devon white ale is shrouded in mystery and confusion
– Devon white ale seems to bear no relation to any other known beer
style
– It has frequently been claimed that it was confined to the South Hams,
yet in the mid-nineteenth century it was brewed in at least 44 Plymouth
pubs
• A bone of contention is the so-called secret ingredient
– Some sources state categorically that the recipe was known only to
the members of one family and handed down from generation to
generation
– Others imply it was common knowledge
• As to where it was first brewed, although Dodbrooke (now part
of Kingsbridge) is the name that most frequently crops up,
Dartmouth, Plymouth and even Germany have also been
suggested
33
– 1542 - first, dubious, reference to white ale comes in Andrew
Boorde’s Dyetary of Health
– 1736 first unequivocal reference to White Ale comes in William Ellis’s
London & Country Brewer,
• ‘the Plymouth people … are so attach’d to their white thick ale, that
many have undone themselves by drinking it’
• Unlike Boorde, Ellis gives details of how this seductive tipple was
brewed
• White ale is a clear wort made from pale malt fermented with ripening,
a composition of:
– Flour of malt, yeast, and whites of eggs [a nostrum (medicine
prepared by an unqualified person) is made and sold only by two
or three in these parts]
•The wort is brewed and the ale vended by many of the publicans
– It is drank while it is still fermenting in earthen steens, in such a
thick manner as resembles butter’d ale
– Sold for two pence-halfpenny the full quart
Question 22
Which is the oldest family retailer in Kingsbridge?
•Does this help?
34
• J. H. Donovan & Son Ltd is known as the oldest family run business in
Kingsbridge
John Donovan
John Henry Donovan
John Weymouth Donovan
John Nicholas Donovan
• Exact date of the opening not recorded
– Known to have been in 1873, original John Donovan started trading
as a china shop at the top of Church Street,
• This property is long gone, pulled down and cottages built
• The U3A History Group are doing a future session specifically on the
Donovan family
Question 23
Who are the Feoffees?
• A feoffee is a trustee who holds a fief (or "fee"), that is to say an estate in
land, for the use of a beneficial owner
• The term is more fully stated as a ’feoffee to uses of the beneficial owner’
– The use of such trustees developed towards the end of the era of
feudalism in the middle ages and became obsolete with the formal
ending of that social and economic system in 1660
35
• Kingsbridge Feoffees
– The Feoffees were, and still are, the trustees of the property which
had been given to the town in order that the profits arising from it might
be used for charitable purposes. The properties were mainly houses
and shops, with gardens and closes, in Kingsbridge and Dodbrooke.
There were also lands at Ford in Chivelstone, at Fursdon in Sherford
and at Merrifield in Churchstow
– Their coat of arms can be seen above the entrance of the Town Hall,
the Market Hall and 20 Fore Street
General feed back
(See below)
Please take a few minutes to discuss if any of these might be of
interest for future Society meetings? Ones planned
(See next page)
36
General feed back
1. Where would you find a Celtic hilltop
fort close to Kingsbridge?
2. After the Norman invasion of 1066 who
became the major land owners of the
lands around Kyngysbrygge, or as it is
better known, Kingsbridge?
3. Henry the VI issued a charter in the
mid 15th century to allow Kingsbridge to
hold some event weekly and annually,
what was it?
4. To the nearest 10, how many houses
were reported in Kingsbridge in the mid
1600’s?
5. What was the previous name for the
Crabshell area?
6. What is a Turnpike Trust?
7. Why did the shipyards in Kingsbridge
Close and, for an extra point, when did
they close?
8. What was the effect of the blizzard of
1891 in South Hams?
9. Here is one especially for those avid
gardeners. What was grown for the first
time in the UK on the terrace of the
former Cliff House at Salcombe built in
1842?
10. Which famous US (and worldwide)
religious leaders’ ancestors were tenant
farmers of Stancombe manor?
11. What happened in Aveton Gifford on
Tuesday 26 January 1943?
12. What happened at Torcross in 1854
and what was the big upside?
13. What would the residents of Hall
sands say in 1918?
14. The Cookworthy Museum building
was constructed in the 17th Century for
what purpose?
15. What was William Cookworthy’s claim
to fame?
16. Why was Tacket Wood or Ticket
Wood so called?
17. Where in Kingsbridge were the
barracks built to house militiamen for the
Napoleonic War in 1804?
18. Can you name one of the paddle
steamers which was a forerunner to the
Rivermaid?
19. When did the railway come to
Kingsbridge?
20. In the first part of the 20th century
before Quay House became the home of
Kingsbridge Town Council, it was
occupied by girls, why?
21. What is the special ingredient of white
ale once brewed in Kingsbridge?
22. Which is the oldest family retailer in
Kingsbridge?
23. Who are the Feoffees?
Neil Martin
January 2017