Hobbes and absolutism

THE SUN KING

– “L’etat c’est moi.”– Survived the Fronde– Suppressed the Jansenists– spent lots of $$

VERSAILLES

LOUIS XIV’S WARS

• Louis wants to expand France and challenge the Habsburgs: Spain and Austria

• 1659 – The Treaty of the Pyrenees – set the boundary between France and Spain

1667-68 – THE WAR OF DEVOLUTION

– Louis XIV wanted to take Franche-Comte and the Spanish Netherlands

– France vs. Dutch, English, Swedish, Spanish– 1668 Treaty of Aix-la-Chapelle (Aachen)– little land

gained: France annexed Lille and part of Flanders

1672-79 – THE DUTCH WAR

– Louis XIV made secret payments to keep the English neutral

– France takes some territory from the Southern Netherlands and Franche-Comte

– No clear winner

1689-97 – THE WAR OF THE LEAGUE OF AUGSBURG (a.k.a. KING WILLIAM’s WAR)

– Louis XIV orders invasion of the Palatinate– League of Augsburg includes England, Dutch,

Spain, Sweden, Bavaria, Saxony, Palatinate– 1692 –tries to invade England– 1697 – Treaty of Ryswick – France keeps gains in

Alsace, but it’s clear other Europeans will join forces to fight them

1701-1714 – THE WAR OF SPANISH SUCCESSION (a.k.a. QUEEN ANNE’s WAR)

– Louis XIV supports his grandson as King of Spain– England, Holland, Austria, Prussia, Portugal vs.

France (with Spain and Bavaria as allies)– 1713 Treaty of Utrecht – makes peace between

France and England – Austria got the southern Netherlands, France gave Newfoundland, Nova Scotia, and Hudson Bay to England, Philip V keeps throne of Spain, but not France

PRUSSIA (Hohenzollerns)

• Frederick William (The Great Elector) – 1640-1688

• Frederick I (King of Prussia) – 1688-1713• Frederick William I – 1713-1740• Frederick II (Frederick the Great) – 1740-1786

AUSTRIA (Habsburgs)

• Leopold I – 1657-1705• Joseph I – 1705-1711• Charles VI – 1711-1740 – Pragmatic Sanction• Maria Theresa 1740-1780• Joseph II (Enlightened Absolutist)

Schonnbrun Palace in Vienna

SWEDEN

• Charles XII – dies in battle• Loses the Great Northern War (1700-21) vs. Russia

POLAND

• King John III Sobieski – led Polish army to help Vienna vs. Turks in 1683

• Polish nobles had power in the Sejm, but the liberum veto made it hard to govern

OTTOMAN EMPIRE

• Peaked under Sultan Suleiman the Magnificent (r. 1520-1566)

• Organized people into millets• Non-Islamic people were known as zimmis

RUSSIA

• The Time of Troubles -> Romanovs take over in 1613

• Peter the Great – 1682-1725– Westernization– Built St. Petersburg– Built up the military/navy– Improved trade– Expanded territory into Baltics– Simplified alphabet– More involved in foreign affairs