Holy Roman Empire and the Church

Holy Roman Empire Otto I took the title King of Germany His successors took the title “Holy Roman

Empire” The appointment of church officials brought

issues to emperors and popes Popes tried to end the interference from

secular rulers

Conflict between Popes & Emperors

Pope Gregory VII banned lay investiture

Henry VI disagreed Henry was then excommunicated

but decided to make peace Treaty formed: Concordat of Worms

The Struggle for Italy

Frederick Barbossa failed to bring northern Italy under his control

Frederick II also tried German nobles grew more

independent Spanish and French rivals battled for

power The rest was in ruins

The Height of Church power

Pope Innocent III took office He excommunicated King John and

Philip II Launched a crusade against

Albigensians After death, Philip helped with the

election of a French pope, papacy entered a period of decline

The CrusadesThe Crusades were a

series of Holy Wars to drive the Muslims out of the holy land, Palestine

It was mainly against the Muslims and the enemies of the pope

Pope Urban declared the crusade at the Council of Clermont

Motives and Goals of CrusadesThe goal of the Crusa

des was to recapture the Holy Land from the Muslim rule

Knights wanted more lands and become affluent

Urban, the pope wanted to gain his influence over Europe and heal the schism

List of Crusades

• During the First Crusade, Christian knights seized Jerusalem in 1099• In the Second Crusade, Saladin, leader of the Muslims, captured Jerusal

em by 1187• After the Third Crusade, Europeans failed to regain the holy land but Sal

adin reopened it to the Chritian pilgrims• The Fourth Crusade resulted when the Crusaders fought Christians and

captured Constantinople

List of Crusades(con't)• Al-Kamil, brother

of Saladin. agreed to have peace with Europe in the Fifth Crusade

• Muslim successfully gained control over the holy land in the sixth Crusade

Religious Toleration and heresies• Under the Muslim rul

e, Spain enjoyed religious toleration

• Religious toleration is the freedom to worship a religion

• After the successful Reconquista in Spain, Ferdinand and Isabella ended it and fought against heresies

Section 5Section 5

By: LizzieBy: Lizzie

The Black DeathThe Black Death

Around 1347, Genoese trader ships Around 1347, Genoese trader ships came over to Messina, Sicily. They came over to Messina, Sicily. They didn't know that with their goods didn't know that with their goods came a deadly disease. When they came a deadly disease. When they docked, they started noticing the docked, they started noticing the symptoms of the “bubonic plague”.symptoms of the “bubonic plague”.

The Sicilians kicked them out, but it The Sicilians kicked them out, but it was too late.was too late.

Bubonic PlagueBubonic Plague

Global EpidemicGlobal Epidemic

The disease soon The disease soon spread beyond Sicily spread beyond Sicily to Spain, France and to Spain, France and other parts of Europe.other parts of Europe.

People started seeing People started seeing symptoms of the symptoms of the bubonic plague. bubonic plague.

It quickly became an It quickly became an Epidemic-Epidemic-outbreak of outbreak of quickly spread quickly spread disease.disease.

People began to get People began to get egg-sized lumps under egg-sized lumps under their arms.their arms.

They started to turn They started to turn an ugly blackish color. an ugly blackish color.

Once they started to Once they started to spit up blood, death spit up blood, death was certain.was certain.

Gravediggers Gravediggers collected the corpses collected the corpses like a garbage man like a garbage man collects trash.collects trash.

EffectsEffects

Physical:Physical:

-Spitting up blood,-Spitting up blood,

- Egg-sized lumps all - Egg-sized lumps all over body.over body.

- Skin slowly turning - Skin slowly turning black.black.

Economic: Economic:

-Surviving workers -Surviving workers demanded a higher demanded a higher salary.salary.

-People started -People started splurging on splurging on luxurious things for luxurious things for fear that they fear that they would die soon.would die soon.

Babylonian CaptivityBabylonian Captivity

All through the crisis of the plague, All through the crisis of the plague, the church had it’s own problems. the church had it’s own problems. The papal authority moved it’s court The papal authority moved it’s court to southern Sicily for 70 years. to southern Sicily for 70 years. People called this time the People called this time the Babylonian captivity Babylonian captivity in reference to a in reference to a time of captivity in the Bible’s old time of captivity in the Bible’s old testament.testament.

Questioning the churchQuestioning the church

Surviving priests were asked “Why Surviving priests were asked “Why did God only save some people?”did God only save some people?”

John Wycliffe started the idea that John Wycliffe started the idea that people should be able to read the people should be able to read the bible for themselves. bible for themselves.

His fellow scholars started translating His fellow scholars started translating the bible from Latin into English.the bible from Latin into English.

Jan Hus Began preaching John Jan Hus Began preaching John Wycliffs ideas.Wycliffs ideas.

PersecutionPersecution

Both Wycliffe and Both Wycliffe and Jan Hus were Jan Hus were convicted of convicted of starting new starting new heresies and were heresies and were burned at the burned at the stake.stake.

The 100 years warThe 100 years war

Even through all the holy scandal Even through all the holy scandal and near extinction of Europe, the and near extinction of Europe, the people still got riled up over a little people still got riled up over a little thing like territory.thing like territory.

England’s king, Edward III, decided to England’s king, Edward III, decided to try and take the French crown, a war try and take the French crown, a war erupted. erupted.

Once the war started, the people did Once the war started, the people did not want to stop fighting.not want to stop fighting.

Joan of arkJoan of ark

In 1429, a 17-year In 1429, a 17-year old girl, named Joan old girl, named Joan of ark, requested to of ark, requested to have the French have the French king, King Charles king, King Charles VII, allow her to lead VII, allow her to lead his army. When he his army. When he said yes, everyone said yes, everyone was surprised to see was surprised to see that they won the that they won the battle, with Joan’s battle, with Joan’s help.help.

Joan’s martyrdomJoan’s martyrdom

When the British allies finally caught When the British allies finally caught Joan, Joan,

They tried her for witchcraft. She was They tried her for witchcraft. She was wrongly convicted, and was burned wrongly convicted, and was burned at the stake. This rallied the French at the stake. This rallied the French more than anything.more than anything.

The French went on to win more The French went on to win more victories, until England was only left victories, until England was only left with a French port.with a French port.

Medieval to Modern Medieval to Modern

The end of the time of crisis led way The end of the time of crisis led way to more economic development than to more economic development than ever. Italy was having more trade ever. Italy was having more trade than ever before, and with people than ever before, and with people recovering from the population recovering from the population decimation, this was a great time for decimation, this was a great time for the medieval ages to make way for the medieval ages to make way for the modern world.the modern world.