home-energy-checks-sea.pdf

8/10/2019 home-energy-checks-sea.pdf

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Home Energy Savings

Jan Jantzen and Michael Kristensen

Sams Energy Agency, Denmark

[email protected]

Energy agencies from Sams (Denmark), Iceland, Rhodes (Greece) and Tenerife (Spain) aim topromote tried-and-tested methods for reducing the energy consumption of households. PROMISE isan EU project under the IEE program.


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Why should I save energy?

2

You save money

and tax

You save energy for the next

generation, and you act locally

The EU aims to

save 20% by 2020

The EU wishes to have secure supply, to

be competitive, to be sustainable


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Three ways to save energy

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Fuel.The energy coming into the house from the outside. A home owner could consider changing the

heating unit to another fuel type, for instance renewable energy.

Conversion. Energy is lost during conversion from input fuel to end-use energy. For example, an oil

furnace can be adjusted in order to minimize the losses through the chimney.

End-use. Energy spent by the occupants. They could perhaps decrease their consumptionfor example,

spend one minute less in the shower, or adjust the indoor temperature.


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kWh saved on electricity

4

Grimsey Rhodes Samso Tenerife

Avoid standby mode 40 40 40 40

Raise temperature in refrigerator

or freezer 1 degree30 30 30 30

Lower temperature in a washing

device (dishwasher from 60 to 30

C, washer from 90 to 60 or from 60

to 30 C)

45 45 45 45

Upgrade a washing device from

class C to A++110 110 110 110

Upgrade a tumble dryer from classC to A++ 400 400 400 400

Replace an old light bulb by a CFL 45 45 45 45

Replace an old circulation pump by

a class A pump333 333 333 333

Install PV panels, per m2 103 206 142 242


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What is the normalenergy consumption? It depends on the local

climate.

5

Space heating:

11700 kWh

69%

Lighting, appliances,cooking: 3270 kWh

19%

Hot water: 2070 kWh

12%

Household Energy Consumption in the EU (2009), Lapillonne, Sebi and Pollier 2012,

www.odyssee-indicators.org


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Energy consumption of our standard house (RETScreen)

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Data from RETScreen using an oil heated standard house of 138 sqm.

The same house is moved to different locations.

Grimsey Samso Rhodes Tenerife

Cooling 0 0 7.1 0

Hot water 3.7 3.4 2.9 2.8

Electricity 3.5 3.5 3.5 3.5

Heating 26.3 16.7 3.9 0

0

5

1015

20

25

30

3540

M

Wh/yr


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Overview of climate data (RETScreen)

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Air

temper-

ature

Daily solar

radiation

Wind speed Heating

degree days

below 18 C

Cooling

degree days

over 20 C

deg C kWh/m2/d m/s deg C - d deg C - d

Samso 8.9 2.92 8.2 3316 0

Grimsey 2.8! 2.20! 6.6 5532! 0

Heimaey 5.1 2.35 10.7! 4704 0

Tenerife 21.2 5.62 5.5 0 606

Rhodes 19.2 5.28 4.4 659 729!

The islands are examples of different climates. The ! symbols mark the energy wise worst case

in each column. Grimsey is coldest, Heimaey is most windy. Tenerife has a tempered climate with

the most solar radiation. Rhodes requires both heating and cooling.


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Saving factors [%] for heating/cooling


Lower indoor temperature 1 C 6.7 13 8.0 13

Same for cooling 14 14

Upgrade to energy windows 12 12 12 12

Same for cooling 9.7 9.7

Improve the wall insulation 2.5

times24 24 24 24


Improve the loft insulation 2.5

times16 16 16 16


8


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Saving factors [%] for heating/cooling


Seal air leaks around doors and

windows4.3 4.3 4.3 4.3

Same for cooling 8.3 8.3

Improve heating unit: lower

thermostat, lower pump speed,insulate boiler, service checks,

renew burner

1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0

Lower temperature in hot water

tank, per degree1.4 1.8 1.5 1.9

Save a litre of water every day 0.83 0.83 0.83 0.83

Install a solar hot water heater, perm2

9.4 23 12 23

9


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In practice

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What is your consumption?

We ask the house owners for their

consumption (electricity, oil, gas), perhaps

even their energy bills. This is the observed

consumption.

Then we try to estimate whether theirconsumption is low, medium, or high. This

is difficult, because we do not have

reference numbers.

We have therefore built our own standard

house in software (RETScreen). We can

compare the observed consumption with

the calculatedconsumption of the

standard house transferred to the currentlocation.

Kilowatt corresponds to the speedof the

rotating disk in the picture.

Kilowatt-hours corresponds to the distance

that the counter runs in the picture.

11


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Why change?

7.33 1.60

(Illustrations from Wikimedia Commons) 12


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Because it is a good investment (in Denmark)

13

-20.00

0.00

20.00

40.00

60.00

80.00

100.00

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

Time in years

Simple (EUR)

Simple bank account (without interest). The initial investment (year 0) is small, the payback period is 1 year,

the lifetime is 10 years, and the final profit is 78 EUR. The diagram depends on local prices.


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Adjust temperature.

Some saving actions

are cheap.

14

Air is a better insulator than ice, therefore

the fridge ought to be defrosted 1-2 timesper year. Modern refrigerators are frost free,

however.

Some refrigerators are unnecessarily cold,

and 5-8 C is enough.

Freezers need not be colder than -18 C.

Cleaning the back side from dust also helps,

because it makes it easier for the

refrigerator to get rid of its heat.

(Photo: Kalmarhem, Sweden, via Energy Agency for

Southeast Sweden)


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Tool: an electricity meter

15

The meter can measure the electricity consumption of, for instance, the refrigerator. It can measure the

momentary consumption (kilowatt) and the energy consumption over a period of time (kilowatt-hours).


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Some heating units are more efficient than others

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0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5

Oil furnaces from 1977 or earlier

Oil furnaces after 1977

Gas furnace

District heating installation

New oil furnace

Electric heating

Air/air heat pump (COP)

Ground source heat pump (COP)

The ground source heat pump has a high efficiency, because it receives heat from the ground. In fact 2/3 of

the produced energy comes from the ground. The last 1/3 is due to the electricity that drives the equipment

(compressor, pumps).

Electric heaters have efficiency 1, because all electricity is converted to heat.

New oil furnaces are almost as good.

Old oil furnaces from before the energy crises in the 1970s have a poor performance.


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There are several

ways to save energy

here

Oil burner

unserviced ?

Boiler

uninsulated ?

Temperature setting

higher than 65 C ?

17

Circulation pump

at full speed ?


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Adjust indoor

temperature

Setting 4 for the bathroom (23 C)Setting 3 for the living room (20 C)

Setting 2 for the bedroom (17 C)

Setting 1 for the hallway (13 C)

Setting * for antifreeze (7 C)

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Some rooms can be kept at a lower

temperature than others. This could save

some energy.

A thermostat valve maintains the

temperature automatically. Once it is set, it

should be left alone, but children like to playwith it.


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Add more loft insulation

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Green =input

Current U-value of roof (W/m2*K) 0.38

Lambda value of new insulation (mW/m*K) 42

Thickness of new insulation (mm) 200

U-value of new insulation layer (W/m2*K) 0.21

New roof U-value including insulation (W/m2*K) 0.135254Target indoor temperature (C) 21

Average outdoor temperature of heating season (C) 5.1

Current heat flow Q1 (W/m2) 6.042

New heat flow Q2 (W/m2) 2.150542

Heat flow reduction Q1-Q2 (W/m2) 3.891458

Days in the heating season (d) 365

Energy saved per square metre (kWh/m2) 34.08917

Area to insulate (m2) 120

Energy saved (kWh) 4091

An example with climate data from Heimaey. Adding 200 mm mineral insulation to the loft -- made

of wood and with some existing thin insulation -- saves 4091 kWh per year. This is equivalent to

more than 400 litres of oil.


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Saving too much could cause mould in damp rooms

20

We may see damages due to humidity,

especially in poor homes. Humidity causes

mold, and this can be a hazard to the health.

It is easy to detect by its smell.

We have to advise about ventilation too.


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Home energy check basic data

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Green boxes are input Observed Standard

Language (1 = en, 2 = da, 3 = el, 4 = es, 5 = is) 1 4

Location (1 = Grimsey, 2 = Rhodes, 3 = Samso, 4 = Tenerife) 4 4

Currency EUR EUR

Exchange rate of 1 EUR 1

Address or email address see file name above

Number of persons in the household 2

Heated area (m2) 138

Heating system (oil furnace, heat pump, district heating, electric

radiators) Oil

Fuel consumption for heating 0- unit (litres, kWh, MWh, m3) Litres

Price of fuel for heating (price per unit) 1

Cooling system (heat pump, air) Heat pump

Fuel consumption for cooling 0

- unit (kWh, MWh) kWh

Price of fuel for cooling (price per unit) 0.145

Hot water system (oil boiler, electric boiler, solar hot water) Electric boiler

Fuel consumption for hot water 2750

- unit (litres, kWh) kWh

Price of fuel for hot water (price per unit) 0.145

Electricity consumption for appliances excluding heating (kWh) 3500

Energy price for heating (price/kWh) 0.118Energy price for cooling (price/kWh) 0.0518

Energy price for hot water (price/kWh) 0.145

Electricity price (price/kWh) 0.145

Total energy consumption (kWh) 6250 6250

Observed / standard energy consumption ratio 1.00

We would like to know all the information on

the right, before we start on the energy check.

But it can be difficult or even impossible to get.

We must therefore guess some of the

information.

It is important to know the size of the home

(heated area in m2), the number of inhabitants,

and the fuel consumption.

Prices could be looked up elsewhere, and it may

be possible to guess the energy for the hot

water system (use the standard house numbers).

When you change location in the spreadsheet

(location 1--4) the background energy factors

will change.


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Savings advices

22

Negotiate values for the green column during the interview with the household. Those are the savings they will try.

The spreadsheet immediately calculates the total amount of savings (kWh) and the money saved (local currency).

Advice ID

Saving per

item Unit

Saving on

cooling Standard Your Unit

Saved

fuel

Saved

fuel

Fuel

price

Fuel

price

Saved

money

items items EUR EUR EUR

Avoid standby mode (TV, decoder, charger, video, stereo, PC, play

station) E1 40 kWh 2 2 devices 80 0.00 0

Raise the temperature in the refrigerator or freezer 1 degree E2 30 kWh 2 2 degrees 60 0.00 0

Lower the temperature in 1 washing device (dishwasher from 60 to 30

deg, washer from 90 to 60 deg or from 60 to 30 deg) E3 45 kWh 2 2 machines 90 0.00 0

Upgrade 1 old washing device from class C to class A++ E4 110 kWh 1 machines 0 0.00 0

Upgrade 1 old tumble dryer from class C to class A++ E5 400 kWh 1 machines 0 0.00 0

Replace 1 old light bulb by a class A light bulb E6 45 kWh 7 bulbs 0 0.00 0

Upgrade 1 old refrigerating appliance from class C to class A++ E7 373 kWh 1 machines 0 0.00 0

Install 1 square metre of photovoltaic panels E8 206 kWh 39 0 m2 0 0.00 0

Lower the indoor temperature 1 degree always to save heating (raise the

indoor temperature 1 degree always to save cooling) HC2 13.04% 0 13.56% 1 1 = yes 0 0 0.00 0.00 0


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Grimsey case (215-5459)

Habitants: 2

Heated area: 132 m2

Built in 1975

Window area: 31 m2 Electricity consumption:

6500 kWh/year

Oil consumption: 4920

litres/yr

Electricity price: 11.5ISK/kWh

Oil price: 60 ISK/litre

27 light bulbs

Oil boiler: HS Tarm FB-B

Mark 2 Circulation pump: UPS

25-40 at speed 3

13 Danfoss thermostat

valves

23


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Tenerife case (PuertoFranco)

Heated area: 230 m2

Habitants: 2, but 8 peopleuse the house

No heating, use electricheaters when necessary

Source of hot water:electricity

Electricity consumption:3400 kWh / year

Electricity price: 0.145EUR / kWh

Change 20 light bulbs

2 freezers, temperature25 C

2 fridges, temperature 3 C

24


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Rhodes case (EthnikisAdistasis)

Heated area: 100 m2

Habitants: 3

Source of heating:

electric heater, use itwhen tariff is low

Electricity consumption:

3000 kWh / yr

Electricity price: 0.19

EUR / kWh

Hot water: Solar heater

with electric backup

Will maybe buy an

air/air heat pump

25


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Performance Numbers

26

Energychecks

Savings Averagesavings per

home

Averagesavings per

home

No of checks kWh/yr kWh/yr EUR/yr

Samso 75 351 000 4 700 590

Grimsey 13 88 900 6 840 365

Tenerife 5 5 210 1 040 141

Rhodes 7 9 450 1 350 107


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Summary

We apply relative saving factors to observed

consumption

We think we can find at least 5% savings by

means of behaviour advices (low cost)

We think we can find additional 15% if we

include refurbishment advices (costly)

27


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More information

PROMISE 2012 Capacity building workshops report.PROMISE Deliverable D3.1

www.ieepromise.eu

A. Klaesener, J. Jantzen, S.I. Fridleifsson, A. Chatzimpiros, K.

Komninos, E. Lopez Suarez and S. Carlier-Wiart (2013).Energy Efficiency in Households. Proc. 4th Int. Conf. onRenewable Energy Sources and Energy Efficiency, Nicosia,Cyprus, June 2013 (in print)

A. Klaesener, J. Jantzen, S.I. Fridleifsson, A. Chatzimpiros, K.

Komninos, E. Lopez Suarez and S. Carlier-Wiart (2013).Energy Efficiency in Households. Proc. 7th Int. Conf. onEnergy Efficiency in Domestic Appliances and Lighting,Coimbra, Portugal, Sep 2013 (submitted)

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Theory

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If large temperature difference and small

resistance (insulation) then large losses

30

The heat flow Qthrough the walls is lost to the outside. We wish to minimize the losses. This can be done

by decreasing the temperature Tiinside or increasing the resistance Rby installing more insulation.

Insulation material has a characteristic resistance, but it is given as its U-value, where U= 1/R. It depends

on the material. The lower the U-value the better. As an example, 1 square metre of 200 mm mineral

insulation has U= 0.21 (W/m2*K).


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Basic equations

31

R

TTQ oi

:(kW)ferHeat trans

soi

s tR

TTQtE

:(kWh)Energy


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When you adjust Tito T'i, the saving

factor depends on climate (To)

32

'''

EtQtR

TTss

oi

oi

oi

soi

soi

soi

TT

TT

tR

TT

tRTTt

RTT

E

EE

'1

''

ETT

TTEE

oi

oi

'1'


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When you adjust R to R', the saving

factor does notdepend on climate

33

'''

EtQtR

TTss

oi

'1'

'

R

R

tR

TT

tRTTt

RTT

E

EE

soi

soi

soi

ER

REE

'1'


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34

PROMISE

www.ieepromise.eu

An action (IEE/10/312/SI2.589421)supported by the EU programme

Intelligent Energy Europe

under the

Executive Agency for Competitiveness and Innovation(EACI)

The sole responsibility for the content of this publication lies with the authors. It does not

necessarily reflect the opinion of the European Union. Neither the EACI nor the European

Commission are responsible for any use that may be made of the information contained therein.

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