Hominin Evolution: Stone Tools

Overview

Stone Tool Sequence

Oldowan

Australopithecus garhi

and Homo habilis

Acheulian

Homo erectus

Mousterian

Neanderthals

5 different industries:SolutreanMagdalenian

Homo sapiens

Oldowan Stone Tools

• Making simple flakes struck off ______________• Bed I & Bed II at Olduvai Gorge (Tanzania) • Gona River in the Middle Awash region

• Oldest formally recognized stone tool assemblage • ___________________________

Oldowan Stone Tools

Dated to: 1.5 to 2 million years ago

Making of Oldowan Tools

Oldowan Stone Tools• Australopithecus

garhi• _______________• Antelope remains:

_________________

• Homo habils• Originally found

among H. habilis• _________________

Acheulian Stone Tools More diverse,

sophisticated

Spread from __________

__________ stone was worked ________

2 manufacturing techniques:1.2.

Acheulian Stone Tools

Flint PointQuartzite Chopper Flint Awl Graver, or burin

Acheulian Stone Tool: ‘Biface’ Hand Ax

• Dominant tool in _____________

• Characterized by: ____________

• Hard to soft hammer technique

• Found in association with ___________

• Spanned the ______________________ of H. erectus

Butchering and Scavenging• Hunting or scavenging?

• Tool marks on animal bones discovered at H. erectus sites indicate:• Acquiring _______________• 1.• 2.

• _____________ the animals, including _______________

Mousterian Stone Tools• Characterized by a

__________________ than found in Acheulian tool kits

Mousterian Toolkit – Including, from left to right:1) Levalloiis point; 2) Perforator; 3) Side Scraper

Mousterian Stone Tools

• Developed for _________________________

• No evidence of _____________

• __________ is prevalent

• NOVA Video Clip

Homo sapiens’ Tools in Europe• Begin at _______________• 5 industries, based on stone tool technologies• Chatelperronian• Aurignacian• Gravettian• Solutrean•Magdalenian

• Major _________________ were occurring

Solutrean Stone Tools• Upper Paleolithic skill & aesthetic

• _________________ developed to the finest degree known

• Referred to as _________________• Made by ________________• Were expertly flaked _________________

• Final products were _____________, but could also be considered a piece of ____

Magdalenian Tools• ___________________ – wooden or bone hooked rod that

extended the hunter’s arm

• Bow and arrow use; punch blade technique

• Decoration of these objects = _____________________

Magdalenian Tools•Use of _____ __________•Mladec bone awls and awls tips