Hoofed mammals

Ungulates

• Ungulates: Refer to mammals with hooves

• Artiodactyla:_________

• Perissodactyla: __________

Hoofed mammals (ungulates)

Order_______________

Order _______________

Weight borne on one central toe Weight shared between two central toes

Hoof a modified nail?

___________, ________, and _______ are all composed of two structures: the _________(a scale-like plate; our

finger- and toe-nails) and the ___________(a softer layer, found as a very fine layer on the underside of our

fingernails) which connect the unguis to the pad of the digit.

Hoof a good modification?

_______________________________________________________

Over _______ species

Skulls of ungulatesSkulls of ungulates

Equus - horse

Perissodactyla

Artiodactyla

Ovis - sheep

Sus - pigCamelus - camel

Perissodactyla

Contains17 Recent species in three families: Equidae (__________), Tapiridae (________),

Rhinocerotidae (______________)

Perissodactyls: ________examples

Equus asinusFeral donkey

Equus caballusFeral horse (Mustang)

Przewalski’s Horse

3 speciesZebra

Perrisodatyles are___________

Unique digestive system and dentition to suit their diet.

Special ________in their __________ to digest cellulose.

Horse skull

Long diastema

Canines large in males, small or

absent in females

Cusps of cheekteeth joined by ridges

Equidae: True wild horses are called the_____________ Horses: http://animal.discover

y.com/videos/jaws-and-claws-2-wild-horses.html

True wild horses do not look like the domesticated horse which has been bred by humans for over 4,000 years.

Equidae: Zebra’s

3 species: ________ ________ ________

http://animal.discovery.com/videos/growing-up-zebra-baby-zebra.html

Perissodactyl: Tapiridae(_______)

Average life span in the wild:25 to 30 years

________:Height at shoulder, 29 to 42 inches

_______:500 to 800 lbs _______:Endangered

Perissodactyl: Tapiridae(_____)

Mountain Tapirs

Malayan Tapir

Lowland Tapir

Bairds Tapir

Perissodactyl: Rhinocerotidae (___________)

_________:Endangered DESCRIPTION: There are ______species of rhinos The _______species: white and black

rhinos. _________rhinos include the Indian and

the Javan The five species range in weight from

_____pounds to _______ pounds and stand anywhere from four and a half to six feet tall.

Perissodactyl: Rhinocerotidae (Rhinoceros)

_______________:

Black Rhino: ______ White Rhino: _____Sumatran Rhino: ___Javan Rhino: fewer than ________Indian Rhino: more than ______

Perissodactyl: Rhinocerotidae (_____________)

Perissodactyl: Rhinocerotidae (Rhinoceros) _________: 35 years.

____________: Rhino habitat ranges

from savannas to dense forests in tropical and subtropical regions.

Artiodactyla

Artiodactyls are the most________, ______, __________ mammals alive today. They are the fifth largest order of mammals, consisting of approximately 210 species.

______________________Artiodactyla

1 Domestic Cow Ruminantia 2 Cape Buffalo Ruminantia3 White-tailed Deer Ruminantia 4 Pygmy Hippopo5 Caribou Ruminantia6 Giraffe Ruminantia 7Hippopotamus (Hippopotaminae)8South American LamaTylopoda 9White-lipped PeccaryTayassuidae10 Common Warthog Suidae 11Domestic Pig Suidae 12 Camel Tylopoda 13 Collared Peccary 14 Bison Ruminantia

________________________Upper incisors absent, replaced in life by a hard pad on which lower incisors bite

_____________(non ruminants)

Male canines curl upward

Artiodactyla: ___________

• _____________________________

• Most are Ruminants• Digestion in

ruminants occurs sequentially in a ______________

• ______________

• Compared to the perissodactyla

Artiodactyla have cloven feet.

Why the difference?

artiodactyls - 1

Capra hircus – goat

Camelus dromedarius – camel

Cervus timorensis - rusa

Sus scrofa – pig

artiodactyls - 2Antilope cervicapra

- blackbuck

Bubalus bubalis – buffalo

Bos taurus x Bos indicus – cattle

Bos javanicus – banteng

And finally, Cetacea

Two suborders:– ____________

Baleen whales• Right whales• Rorquals

– ___________– Toothed whales

• Sperm whales• Dolphins

How can whales be related to artiodactyla?

• Astragali of the Eocene protocetids (left) and Artiocetus clavis (right), as compared to that of the pronghorn Antilocapra americana (centre). Note the distinct double-pulley shape.

_______________________now indicates clearly that cetaceans are actually

artiodactyls that have become totally aquatic

________

Balaena australisSouthern Right While

Balaenopteridae - Rorquals

Megaptera novaeangliae - Humpback

Balaenoptera physalus – Fin whale

Balaenidae – Right whales

_________________________Long, fine baleen of Blue Whale, suitable for filtering krill (tiny crustaceans)

Short, coarse baleen of Minke Whale, suitable for trapping small fish

Baleen hangs down from palate

Grooves on throat of rorquals are normally pulled tight to make mouth into a beak

But when feeding, the whale relaxes

the grooves and takes in gallons of

water, which it pushes through the baleen and expels,

filtering out the prey

But when feeding, the whale relaxes

the grooves and takes in gallons of

water, which it pushes through the baleen and expels,

filtering out the prey

Balaenoptera musculus – Blue whale

________________________Delphinus

delphis – Common

dolphin

Orcinus orca – Orca or Killer whale

Physeter macrocephalus – Sperm whale

Homodont (teeth all alike) usually dozens

in each jawSperm whale tooth