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Hot War Ends-Cold War Begins

1945-1990

The Cold War…

In 1945, one major war ended and another began…The Cold War lasted about 45 years.

The United States became the leader of the free-market capitalist world. America and its allies struggled to keep the communist, totalitarian Soviet Union from expanding into Europe, Asia, and Africa.

Cold WarDefinition: The antagonism between the

United States and the Soviet Union using other nations to do the fighting.

1946-1990

Domestic Issues…

Balance of Power influenced both Domestic and Foreign Policy…

Arms Race Space Race Senator Joseph McCarthy searches for the

“enemy within” – communists in America Prosperity of the 1950s… “Happy Days”

Balance of Power…if you do then I will…

United States uses the first atomic bomb against Japan to end WWII and continues development of nuclear weapons…

Soviets feel they have to try and keep up in an arms race with more and more powerful weapons…

+ US

Arms Race…

.

US – Jumps into the space race with the creation of NASA and plans for manned space flight leading to travel to the moon in 1969…and increased money and emphasis on math and science education

1957 – The Soviets launch the first orbital space craft – Sputnik – beginning the space race and the challenge of advanced math and science education

+ USSR

SPUTNIK - 1957

TO the United States LANDING ON THE MOON –Apollo 11 1969

SPACE RACE

McCarthyism…Where are the

Communists???

McCarthyism…Searching for subversives within…

Foreign Policy Issues…

Truman Doctrine – Policy of ContainmentMarshall Plan – Economic Aid to EuropeBerlin Blockade/AirliftNATOKorean ConflictCuban Missile Crisis

Europe after WWII

Cold War – Fear of Soviet Aggression

March 1946--Sir Winston Churchill delivers his Iron Curtain speech at Westminster College in Missouri after accepting an honorary degree.

“From Stettin in the Baltic to Trieste in the Adriatic, an iron curtain has descended across the Continent.”

Cli k f

Truman Doctrine 1947

US policy to help any country fighting against Communism – first enacted as aid to Greece and Turkey…it shifted US foreign policy toward the Soviets to a policy of containment.

Marshall Plan for European Recovery

Berlin AirliftJune 1948-May

1949

NATONorth Atlantic Treaty Organization

Containment…There were no direct military campaigns

between the United States and the Soviet Union. Yet billions of dollars and millions of lives were lost in the fight.

Korea, Vietnam, Cuba, Afghanistan, and Angola all became battlegrounds between the two ideologies of democratic/capitalism versus communist/socialism and neither side intended to retreat…

Where will “the Soviet Bear”

stop???

Korean Conflict 1950 - 1953FACTS ABOUT "THE FORGOTTEN WAR“A UN Mission with troops from 24 countries

33,741 US Dead23,615 Killed In Action92,134 US Wounded*4,820 US Missing In Action (Declared Dead) 7,245 Prisoners Of War2,847 Died in POW Camp

Brand New Missiles!!!

n 1956--America's first ICBM (Intercontinental Ballastic Missile)

n 1956--The US develops the Polaris missile, which can be launched from a submerged submarine.

Cuban Missile Crisis

13 Days in the Fall of 1962 when the world

lived on the edge of

nuclear war

The Growth of the Berlin Wall1961-1989

Escalation in Vietnam…

The Turbulent 60s

The Soviet- Afghan Warn 1979--Embarking on their own version of Vietnam, the

USSR sends tanks, troops, aircraft to Afghanistan.

The US and many Muslim stateswould support Afghan rebels who would fight for religious reasons as well as nationalistic reasons.

The Soviet Union’s Final “Czar”1987 Gorbachev

campaigns for glasnost & perestroika -glasnost: freedom of speech and release of some political prisoners- perestroika: small scale private ownership [instead of government ownership

Instability and Collapse 1989 Demonstrations in

Tiananmen Square East Germans begin to

move to West Germany through Hungary

Hungary and Czechoslovakia vote out Communist rule (Velvet Revolution)

Romania votes out Communist rule but has short civil war (Ceausescu)

1989 Berlin Wall comes down

1990 Reunification of Germany

Pope John Paul II, born in Poland, uses the leverage of his position as the leader of all Catholics world-wide to end communism

1989 In Poland, Solidarity wins the national legislative elections (org. of ordinary workers)

1990 Lech Walesa elected President of Poland managing its transition to a post-communist state

Soviet Union Collapses 1991 Coup in Soviet

Union gets rid of communism and speeds the break-up of the Soviet Union

Gorbachev resigns; Yeltsin elected President

START (Strategic Arms Reduction Treaty) is initiated

You Decide: Who Won the Cold War? There was no announced

winner, so you set the criteria, and decide who came out on top....

Consider: The Space Race The Arms Race Conflict Containment Other factors…

Work in a small group to determine who gets the trophy.