housing(atthe(end(of(the(19 (century( part2( · almshouses(• (twiy’s...
TRANSCRIPT
Housing at the end of the 19th century Part 2
• This sec7on includes a wide range of domes7c architecture with examples of specialist types of housing and housing built for the old, poor and rela7vely well off. However, much of what was built for the poor is now valued by the the rich, for reasons of character and loca7on.
• Many of the examples demonstrate a very high level of craCsmanship and quality of materials.
18th Century Brick
Almshouses
• TwiJy’s is not of quite the same character as Long Alley (see Part 1). S7ll in ac7ve use as almshouses but, looking at the doors, it is clear that 3 households are accommodated rather than the original 6.
TwiJy’s 1709
Almshouses
• In a more urban seUng these almshouses con7nue to provide convenient, convivial and characterful accommoda7on for the elderly
Abingdon Almshouses
The vicarage
• The vicarage in the village of Drayton shows the scale at which the church accommodated its staff. Whilst the building is probably too large for most if not all modern families, the demand for flats in villages is uncertain and the building has been lived in by just one person.
The Vicarage for when the clergy had large families and congrega7ons
Railway housing
• Part of our built heritage is a wide variety of buildings erected to serve special purposes. One detached and a pair of semi-‐detached houses in Steventon sta7on yard were erected by Brunel to administer the construc7on of the Great Western Railway.
Steventon Sta7on1830s built for and used by Isambard Kingdom Brunel
Back to backs
• A programme of slum clearance has significantly reduced the number of surviving examples of back to backs built throughout the Victorian era to provide the cheapest possible housing for factory workers in industrial ci7es. An example in Birmingham owned by the Na7onal Trust can be visited. It is now, however, difficult to imagine that one upstairs room could house 20 people in 3 different families.
Leeds Back to Backs with UPVC windows
Gentrifica7on
• Another specialist form of housing was that provided for railway workers. Osney Island is only a few hundred yards from Oxford sta7on. Even though they are suscep7ble to flooding (some temporary flood protec7on was provided 3 7mes in 2012) a 2 bedroomed terraced coJage would in 2012 fetch the same as a 4 bedroomed detached house in the Oxford suburbs or country towns.
More railway housing Osney canalside
Contras7ng styles
• This example of infilling makes no aJempt to reflect the styles of its neighbours or, for that maJer, any other building in the area. It is built to a very high standard of energy efficiency and is a good example of where priority is given to a 21st-‐century need rather than following a earlier tradi7on.
Osney Infill
Late 1800s Osney
Oxford posh
• This row of late Georgian houses in the centre of Oxford contains a few office and academic uses. However, most remain in residen7al uses, including single-‐family dwellings. The name of the street is not only the postal address but also signifies the owner of the freehold.
St John’s Street frontage
St John’s Street facade
Solid brick • Houses built in the late Victorian period have provided
valuable accommoda7on for over 100 years. However, this inheritance of several million homes represent a very considerable challenge at a 7me when carbon emissions from the hea7ng of residen7al property needs to be reduced by at least 80% in the next 35 years. Whilst secondary glazing provides some opportunity to exclude draCs from the sash windows, UPVC is oCen the owners’ tool of choice and one that is oCen resisted by conserva7on officers. A far greater challenge is how to insulate the solid 9” walls (iden7fied through courses of stretchers and headers). A checker paJern is created when the headers are vitrified (heat crea7ng a blue and some7mes glazed effect).
Abingdon Late Victorian
Late Victorian (end of Part 2)