how cancer causing are the chemicals in my food? · 2011. 7. 6. · garlic, wild blueberries,...
TRANSCRIPT
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© Betty WolanykAg Literacy Works
Really!
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really?
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Natural toxic chemicals in food?Toxic chemical residues from pesticides?Carcinogens? (cancer-causing agents)Microorganisms?Parasites?Allergens?Genetically Engineered Organisms?Hormones?Cloning?
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We want food to be as safe as possible.We especially want children’s food to be
safe.We want to understand what that really
means • objectively.
We can use factual evidence to determine what is safe.
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Where does danger really lie? Is it a real danger? Is the danger a marketing ploy? Is the danger an activist ploy?Who or what causes the danger?Avoiding danger
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Is real ……in some cases.
Is perceived ……in some cases.
Is subjective ……in some cases.
Is manufactured ……in some cases.
Is hidden ……in many cases.
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More dangerous than any other threat?
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75% of all fruits and vegetables have no detectable residues
Another 24.4% have residues well below the EPA tolerance.
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EPA sets tolerances at 100 times the amount that could potentially cause harm in mice.
99.4% are free from harmful residuesThe 0.6% of those with residues at or above
the EPA tolerance are investigated.
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Agree, it is a fact.
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DisagreePlants fight with
spines, rinds and with self-defense chemicals.
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Plants Use Complex Chemistry to:Kill Bugs, Fungi, Bacteria, VirusesTo Fend Off WeedsMake Themselves Smell and Taste Bad
When Attacked, Plants Fight Back
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The dietary intake of nature’s pesticides are 10,000 times higher than the human intake of synthetic pesticide residues.
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These chemicals are plentiful and potent.• Allergens• Carcinogens (Cancer-causing agents)• Teratogens –(Cause birth defects) • Mycotoxins (Fungal Toxins)
They have a long history of making people sick.
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• Could not be registered if made by industry
• Too Toxic
• Too Plentiful
• Of all the vegetation in the world, we can eat very little
• Many plant toxins are heat stable
• Humans, other mammals, and insects have evolved special enzymes to detoxify foods.
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• INSECTICIDE• FUNGICIDE
CULTIVAR
WEATHER
FUNGI
INSECTS
GENE MODIFIED• for INSECTICIDES• for RESISTANCE
NUTRIENTS
ANTIOXIDANTS
NATURAL TOXICANTS
MYCOTOXINS
ALLERGENS
PESTICIDE RESIDUES
You Can’t Leave the Plant out of Risk Analysis
PLANT
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Caffeine Pesticide Extraction
ROAST COFFEE BEANS
GRIND
EXTRACT
THROW OUT THE BEANS
DRINK THE PESTICIDE
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Benzo(a)pyreneBenzaldehydeBenzeneBenzofuranCaffeic acidethyl benzene1,2,5,6-dibenz(a)anthraceneHydrogen peroxideHydroquinone4-methylcatechol
FuranFurfuralCatechold-limoneneCafestolKahweol
AnthocyaninsHydroxycinnamic
Acids
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2-Ethylphenol2.3.5-Trimethylphenol2 Methloxy-4-Ethylohenol24-Methylene-
Cycloartenol24-Methylenephenol4-Methyoxy-4-vinylphenol5-Avenasterol7-StigmasterolAcetaldehydeAllantoic AcidArabinogalactose
AdenineAllentoinArabinoseAsparagineCafesterolCafestolCaffeineCaffeolCahweolCyanidinEugenol
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Arachicic- AcidAspartic AcidCaffeoyl-3-Quinic AcidCamoestanolCampesterolCaprinic AcidCarnaubic AcidChlorogenic AcidCholestanolCholesterol2-Ethylphenol
GalactanGuaiacolGuanosineIsoeugenolLanosterolM-CresolMannanO-cresolO-xylenolOleic Acid
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CitrostadienolCoffeasterolCycloeucalenolGamma-StiosterolGlucogalactomannHydrogen-SulfideHypoxanthineIsochlorigenic AcidLignoceric AciDihyfrolanasterolDihydrositosterolP-Coumeric Acid
Daturic AcidAlactomannanMyrisitc AcidN-NonacosaneObtusipoliolOxalic AcidP-XylenolPalmitic AcidPentosanePutresceneRaffinose
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CitrostadienolCoffeasterolCycloeucalenolGamma-StiosterolGlucogalactomannHydrogen-SulfideHypoxanthineIsochlorigenic AcidLignoceric AciDihyfrolanasterolDihydrositosterolDimethyl-5-Alpha-Cholest-7-En-3-Beta-ol
Daturic AcidAlactomannanMyrisitc AcidN-NonacosaneObtusipoliolOxalic AcidP-XylenolPalmitic AcidPentosane
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Dimethyl-5-Alpha-Cholest-7-En-3-Beta-olMethyl-1-5-Alpha-Stigma-Beta-olRhamnoseSaccaroseScopoletinSinapic AcidSpermidineSqualeneStachyoseStearic AcidTetracosic Acid
Tannic AcidTanninTheobromideTheophyllineTrigonellineanXanthineXylan
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Antioxidants• Alpha-Tocopherol• Beta-Carotene• Beta-Tocopherol• Gamma-Tocopherol
PolyphenolsCalciumCarbohydratesCelluloseCholineRiboflavinSugarThiamine
Citric AcidCystineDextrinsLinoleic AcidLinolenic AcidMannoseMethionineNitrogenPhosphorousGalactin
Fat IronNiacinPectinProtein
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An alkaloid C8H10N4O2A chemical that prevents animals from
eating the plant or its seeds.A pesticide that repels insect attacks Or kills insects that eat it50 other plants have this same built-in
protection• Lemon Tea Cola
• Orange Grapefruit Cacao
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Humans are not aloneBees will choose to pollinate a plant
with caffeine over one without.
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PresentIn what quantity?
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Growth regulator no longer in use – AlarBaconTap WaterPeanut ButterDiet ColaMushroomsBeerWine
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0
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
3
3.5
4
4.5
5
Alar Bacon Tap Water Peanut Butter Diet Cola Mushroom Beer Wine
Cancer Causing Chemicals
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E. Coli 157:H7SalmonellaListeriaCamplyobacterBotulism
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Insect Damage Creates Ports of Entry for Fungi
from Hammond et al., SOT poster 2003
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The Plant Is Damaged by Both the “Bug” and the Fungal Invasion
Damaged Fruits and Vegetables Are Cause For Concern A Pest Makes a Hole in a
Vegetable’s Wall
Fungi Invade the Hole
Fungi Make MycotoxinsA Growing Health Concern
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Naturally found in many food plants:
ParsnipsCeleryDillParsleyGrapefruitLemon
LimeOrangePotatoCarrots
Plant chemical produced to fight a fungal invasion of the plant.
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FUROCOUMARIN DATA: UK MINISTRY OF AGRICULTURE, FISHERIES, FOOD. INHERENT NATURAL TOXICANTS IN FOOD. LONDON, 1996.
PLANT-DEFENSE FUROCOUMARINS
PARSNIP FUROCOUMARINS
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
TYPI
CA
L p
pm
0.06
pp
m P
EST
ICID
ER
ESI
DU
E
CO
NV
EN
TIO
NA
L
DA
MA
GE
D
OR
GA
NIC
OR
GA
NIC
DA
MA
GE
D
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MYCOTOXINWHEAT PRODUCTS -- ORGANIC VS CONVENTIONAL
0
40
80
120
80 85 90 95
PERCENTILE EXPOSURE
ug /
per
son
/day
conventional
organic
Probabilistic Model – French Data(amount eaten * contamination level)
Leblanc et al. Reg. Toxicol. Pharmacol. 36: 149-154, 2002
Reg. Level for 60 kg person
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GiardiaCryptosporidiumToxoplasma gondiiTrichinellaTapeworms
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Most people claiming food allergies do not have allergies, they are intolerant of some component of the food.
Actual Allergies-
MilkEggsFish
ShellfishTree NutsPeanuts
WheatSoybeans
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This is the most regulated technology ever developed.
and after 20 years there have been no evidence of harm to people from GMO food.
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Not Fed Hormones
Not Fed Hormones
Not Fed Hormones
Not Fed Hormones
Fed Hormones?Not Fed
Hormones
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No Chicken is Fed
Hormones
Fed Hormones?
Black Marketing
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NoAdded
Hormones
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Food and Nutrition: Agree or Fiction ©Ag Literacy Works
in the quantity and type of hormones found in it. It does not matter if the milk is produced organically, conventionally or from cows given rBST.
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Food and Nutrition: Agree or Fiction ©Ag Literacy Works
Are there clones or components in the food system from clones?
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A plant or animal genetically identical to the parent.•Cells in mitosis•Any organism that reproduces asexually.
Food and Nutrition: Agree or Fiction ©Ag Literacy Works
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Many weeds, trees, shrubs, ferns, vines and green plants form clonalcolonies.
In horticulture, many plants are produced from a single individual to produce identical foliage, flowers and fruit.
Grafting is a type of cloning. Food and Nutrition: Agree or Fiction ©Ag Literacy
Works
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Food and Nutrition: Agree or Fiction ©Ag Literacy Works
PotatoSweet PotatoGarlicWild BlueberryAsparagusRhubarbCarrotBanana
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Avoid Damaged Fruits and Vegetables
Trim Around WoundsKeep Clean, Don’t
Cross-contaminateKeep Cold Foods ColdKeep Hot Foods Hot Focus on Real Danger, Not
Manufactured
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Is real ……in some cases.
Is perceived ……in some cases.
Is subjective … or personal…in some cases.
Is manufactured ……in some cases.
May be where you least expect it –naturally!
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HOW PLANTS DEFEND THEMSELVES AND WHY THIS IS IMORTANT FOR ANYONE THAT EATS FOOD
Daland R. Juberg [email protected]
Joel Mattsson, DVM, [email protected]
June 2005
Portions of this program were adapted from:
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