how measured data is being used to help operate ... - cigre · • december 2014 oscillation...
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![Page 1: How measured data is being used to help Operate ... - Cigre · • December 2014 Oscillation Introduction . CIGRÉ Training Day 2nd December 2015 EI, Dublin Slide 3 CIGRÉ - Irish](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022081612/5f596256b7a41f7f3b49edce/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
CIGRÉ Training Day
2nd December 2015 EI, Dublin
Slide 1 CIGRÉ - Irish National Committee
How measured data is being used to help Operate
the transmission network
Ciarán Geaney
EirGrid | Power System Protection & Metering
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CIGRÉ Training Day
2nd December 2015 EI, Dublin
Slide 2 CIGRÉ - Irish National Committee
• Introduction
• Phasor Measurement Unit
• Timelines & Statistics
• System Overview
• Current Uses & Analyses
• Potential Uses
• Events Detected
• December 2014 Oscillation
Introduction
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CIGRÉ Training Day
2nd December 2015 EI, Dublin
Slide 3 CIGRÉ - Irish National Committee
Phasor Measuring Unit
eMSNI sub.net Disturbance Recorder
• Meets IEEE C37.118 Synchrophasor Standard
• Streams 3 Voltage Phasors, 3 Current Phasors &
Frequency @ 50 samples/second (20ms / 50Hz)
• Data is GPS time stamped with microsecond accuracy
• Communication is via Ethernet connection to secure
comms network.
• Each device can monitor 2 circuits/feeders
• PMUs installed on high accuracy EirGrid energy
metering cores (0.2% accurate)
• Calibration/Certification process in place
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CIGRÉ Training Day
2nd December 2015 EI, Dublin
Slide 4 CIGRÉ - Irish National Committee
Timelines & Statistics
• Pilot project completed in 2011
• Tendered solution installed Jan 2013
• In use in Control Centres by Jan 2014
• 39 PMUs actively streaming
Three-phase currents, voltages, frequency at 50 Hz
27 in EirGrid at 19 locations
12 PMUs in SONI at 5 locations
• All streaming PMUs are installed on revenue metering
check cores. CTs, VTs and PMUs are all revenue
metering-class (0.2% accurate)
• PMU calibration/certification process in place
• Two-years of historical data available on-line
(terrabytes of data)
• Many generator oscillations, wide-area events
detected
• Currently have a further 40+ PMUs installed and
operating as standalone disturbance recorders PMU
Standalone Disturbance Recorder
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CIGRÉ Training Day
2nd December 2015 EI, Dublin
Slide 5 CIGRÉ - Irish National Committee
System Overview
Databases Client Tools Interface Nodes
Comms Networks
Data Sources
Dedicated Display Viewer & Builder
Web Browser
Viewer
MS Excel Add-In
Analysis & Notifications Toolbox
Data Historian PMU’s
Private WAN #1
Private WAN #2
Private WAN #3 Data Collector #2
Data Collector #1
Asset Database
Private WAN #4
PMU’s
PMU’s
PMU’s
Voltage, Current & Frequency
sampled at 50 Hz.
GPS time-stamped.
Data transmitted to central PDC
(IEEE C37.118)
Concentrated data stored in
corporate servers
Power calculations executed
Data stored for ~ 2 years
(> 2.5 GB / day)
Client tools for viewing &
crunching the data
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CIGRÉ Training Day
2nd December 2015 EI, Dublin
Slide 6 CIGRÉ - Irish National Committee
• Generator oscillation detection & notification
Fourier analysis on real power output from each monitored unit
• Frequency oscillation detection & notification
Fourier analysis on frequency at a Dublin location & Cork location (backup)
Fourier analysis on frequency at location in SONI
• Phase angle monitoring
• Frequency event detection & notification
• Island detection & notification
• Voltage dip detection and notification
• Model validation
• Post event fault analysis
Current Uses & Analyses
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CIGRÉ Training Day
2nd December 2015 EI, Dublin
Slide 7 CIGRÉ - Irish National Committee
• Generator Testing
Currently ongoing but could be expanded
• Blackstart Testing
• Near Real-time calculations
Performance Monitoring Applications
Live Trends of Generator Response Vs. Expected/Ideal Response
• System Separation/Synchronisation Events
Real-time phase angle difference
• Automated Customer Reporting following events
• Integration with SCADA/EMS for smarter analyses
Potential Uses
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CIGRÉ Training Day
2nd December 2015 EI, Dublin
Slide 8 CIGRÉ - Irish National Committee
• Transfomer Energisation at 17:24:42
• Voltage dipped from 235 kV to 224 kV due to inrush
• CCGT unit reacted and began oscillating ~200 MW at 1.2 Hz
Events Detected (1)
391.88
MW
50.03
Hz
Real Power Frequency
17:25:10 17:25:05 17:25:00 17:24:45 17:24:40 17:24:35
15/01/2014 17:25:15Real Power (green) Vs Frequency (blue)
250.00
300.00
350.00
400.00
450.00
500.00
550.00
49.98
50.00
50.02
50.04
50.06
50.08
50.10
-28.83
MVAr
1.07
Reactive Power %..\..\.%
17:25:10 17:25:05 17:25:00 17:24:45 17:24:40 17:24:35
15/01/2014 17:25:15Reactive Power (green) Vs pu Voltage (blue)
-60.00
-40.00
-20.00
0.00
20.00
40.00
60.00
1.01
1.02
1.03
1.05
1.06
1.07
1.08
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CIGRÉ Training Day
2nd December 2015 EI, Dublin
Slide 9 CIGRÉ - Irish National Committee
• CCGT tripped from 400 MW near Dublin
• Frequency dipped to 49.25 Hz and returned to 49.9 Hz within six seconds
• Another CCGT provided correct MW reserve, but large MVAr swing
• Dublin voltage was ok, Cork Voltage swung from 236 kV to between 223 kV and
252 kV
• Synchrosphasor System summarised the event and issued email notifications
Events Detected (2)
219.997
MW
49.88
Hz
Real Power Frequency
4:10:25 4:10:20 4:10:15 4:10:10 4:10:05 4:09:55 4:09:50 4:09:45 4:09:40 4:09:35
06/05/2013 04:10:30Active Power (green) Vs Frequency (blue)
180
190
200
210
220
230
240
49.2
49.35
49.5
49.65
49.8
49.95
50.1
115.949
MVAr
1.07704
Reactive Power
4:10:25 4:10:20 4:10:15 4:10:10 4:10:05 4:09:55 4:09:50 4:09:45 4:09:40 4:09:35
06/05/2013 04:10:30Reactive Power (green) Vs pu Voltage (blue)
-50
0
50
100
150
200
250
1
1.02333
1.04667
1.07
1.09333
1.11667
1.14
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CIGRÉ Training Day
2nd December 2015 EI, Dublin
Slide 10 CIGRÉ - Irish National Committee
• 2½ hour trend on Wednesday 12th of February 2014 showing ~95 trips
during the heights of Storm Darwin.
238.3
kV L-L
13:30 13:00 12:30 12:00
12/02/2014 14:00:00Longpoint 220 kV
150.0
190.0
210.0
250.0 283.7
kV L-L
13:30 13:00 12:30 12:00
12/02/2014 14:00:00Coolkeeragh 275 kV
280.0
282.0
283.0
284.0
286.0
401.8
kV L-L
13:30 13:00 12:30 12:00
12/02/2014 14:00:00Moneypoint 400 kV
375.0
385.0
395.0
405.0
415.0 115.6
kV L-L
13:30 13:00 12:30 12:00
12/02/2014 14:00:00Shannonbridge 110 kV
104.0
109.0
114.0
118.0
287.1
kV L-L
13:30 13:00 12:30 12:00
Ballycronan More 275 kV
282.0
284.0
286.0
289.0
235.5
kV L-L
13:30 13:00 12:30 12:00
12/02/2014 14:00:00Irishtown 220 kV
222.0
227.0
232.0
240.0
282.2
kV L-L
13:30 13:00 12:30 12:00
12/02/2014 14:00:00Louth 275 kV
274.0
278.0
280.0
282.0
286.0
1.04
1.03
1.08
1.07
1.04
13:30 12:00
12/02/2014 14:00:00Per Unit Vol tages
0.65
0.85
0.95
1.15
Events Detected (3)
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CIGRÉ Training Day
2nd December 2015 EI, Dublin
Slide 11 CIGRÉ - Irish National Committee
• Suspect device
discovered under
Louth – Tandragee
275 kV tower
• Systems were split
in a planned
manner as a
precaution.
• Frequencies were
balanced with
SONI slightly
higher than
EirGrid
• Sync Scheme at
Tandragee worked
as planned
System Separation &
Re-Synchronisation
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CIGRÉ Training Day
2nd December 2015 EI, Dublin
Slide 12 CIGRÉ - Irish National Committee
Oscillation & Trip
• Generator oscillation and consequent tripping due to issue with a gas valve
-5.41026
MW
49.9846
Hz
Real Power Frequency
4:44 4:43 4:42 4:41 4:40 4:38 4:37 4:36 4:35 4:34
17/06/2014 04:45:00Active Power (green)
-60
-40
-20
0
20
40
60
80
100
49.88
49.9
49.92
49.94
49.96
49.98
50
50.02
50.04
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CIGRÉ Training Day
2nd December 2015 EI, Dublin
Slide 13 CIGRÉ - Irish National Committee
AF2.APL16 ModuleDB\EirGrid|Frequency NCC
50.09
Hz
AF2.APL16 ModuleDB\EirGrid|Frequency CHCC
50.09
Hz
Frequency NCC Frequency CHCC
22:47 22:46 22:45 22:44 22:43 22:40 22:39 22:38 22:37 22:36
26/12/2014 22:47:45NCC and CHCC Frequency
49.60
49.70
49.80
49.90
50.00
50.10
50.20
December 2014 Oscillation (1)
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CIGRÉ Training Day
2nd December 2015 EI, Dublin
Slide 14 CIGRÉ - Irish National Committee
0.02 0.03 0.04 0.05 0.06 0.07 0.08 0.09
Osci llation Frequency (Hz)
Osci llation Ampli tude
(Peak-Peak mHz)
System Frequency (Hz)
Frequency Oscillation Amplitude (mHz)
Legend:
Live MeasurementsLast Five Minutes
22:49 22:48 22:47 22:46 22:45 22:40 22:39 22:38 22:37 22:36
0.00
50.00
100.00
150.00
200.00
250.00
Frequency NCC
22:49 22:48 22:47 22:46 22:45 22:44 22:41 22:40 22:39 22:38 22:37 22:36
49.60
49.70
49.80
49.90
50.00
50.10
50.20
0.0
50.0
100.0
150.0
200.0
December 2014 Oscillation (2)
• Very Low Frequency Oscillation
• 0.065 Hz oscillation mode with max pk-pk amplitude of ~ 350 mHz
• Root cause still under investigation
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CIGRÉ Training Day
2nd December 2015 EI, Dublin
Slide 15 CIGRÉ - Irish National Committee
How Measured Data is being used in Planning the
Transmission Network?
Brendan Kelly
EirGrid | Transmission Access Planning
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CIGRÉ Training Day
2nd December 2015 EI, Dublin
Slide 16 CIGRÉ - Irish National Committee
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CIGRÉ Training Day
2nd December 2015 EI, Dublin
Slide 17 CIGRÉ - Irish National Committee
Evolution in Planning Needs –
The Old meets the New
Connection Studies
Load Flow
Short Circuit
Dynamics Stability
EMT/TOV
Power Quality/Harmonics
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CIGRÉ Training Day
2nd December 2015 EI, Dublin
Slide 18 CIGRÉ - Irish National Committee
The need for Good Power Quality
Bound by Grid Code to ensure adequate Quality of Power for Customers as per IEC/TR 61000-3-6 at
IPP/DSO Point of Connection
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CIGRÉ Training Day
2nd December 2015 EI, Dublin
Slide 19 CIGRÉ - Irish National Committee
We’ve got you covered!
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CIGRÉ Training Day
2nd December 2015 EI, Dublin
Slide 20 CIGRÉ - Irish National Committee
Using Data for Power Quality Analysis
1. Predicting Future Harmonic Distortion using Existing Measurements
2. Trends – Is there a problem/Is it getting worse?
3. Monitoring Impacts of Wind, Demand, Outages, Cables, Filters and Improving Network Models
4. Using data to create more efficient study procedures
5. Combatting variability in measurements
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CIGRÉ Training Day
2nd December 2015 EI, Dublin
Slide 21 CIGRÉ - Irish National Committee
1. Predicting Future Harmonic Distortion
Measured
Harmonic
Distortion
Today
Calculation of Harmonic Limits for every future connecting customer
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CIGRÉ Training Day
2nd December 2015 EI, Dublin
Slide 22 CIGRÉ - Irish National Committee
2. #trending
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CIGRÉ Training Day
2nd December 2015 EI, Dublin
Slide 23 CIGRÉ - Irish National Committee
2b. Trends – Year on Year Change in
Incremental Harmonic Distortion
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CIGRÉ Training Day
2nd December 2015 EI, Dublin
Slide 24 CIGRÉ - Irish National Committee
2c. Correlation of Wind with Harmonic
Distortion
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CIGRÉ Training Day
2nd December 2015 EI, Dublin
Slide 25 CIGRÉ - Irish National Committee
3. Monitor/Benchmark Impact of
Cable Connections
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CIGRÉ Training Day
2nd December 2015 EI, Dublin
Slide 26 CIGRÉ - Irish National Committee
3b. Highlight Critical Contingencies
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CIGRÉ Training Day
2nd December 2015 EI, Dublin
Slide 27 CIGRÉ - Irish National Committee
4. Investigate Seasonal Demand
Correlations
- Cut Study Scenarios in Half! Measurements for January and June
Expected Significant
Damping from Load
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CIGRÉ Training Day
2nd December 2015 EI, Dublin
Slide 28 CIGRÉ - Irish National Committee
5. Variability of Measurements
Using Data to ensure Studies not detached from Reality
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CIGRÉ Training Day
2nd December 2015 EI, Dublin
Slide 29 CIGRÉ - Irish National Committee
Move towards an Interactive - Data
Transparent future?
Note: For Illustrative Purposes Only.
Real Measurement Data not included
Station A
Station B
Station C
Station D
Station E
Station F
Station G
Station H
Station I
Station J
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CIGRÉ Training Day
2nd December 2015 EI, Dublin
Slide 30 CIGRÉ - Irish National Committee
Questions & Answers