how mindfulness promotes family wellness 靜觀如何促進家庭健康 · how mindfulness promotes...
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How mindfulness promotes family wellness靜觀如何促進家庭健康29 June 2019
葉盈芝女士
東區尤德夫人那打素醫院臨床心理學家
MS. SINDY YIP
CLINICAL PSYCHOLOGIST,
PAMELA YOUDE NETHERSOLE EASTERN HOSPITAL
What is mindfulness?
Mindfulness is awareness that arises through
paying attention, on purpose, in the present
moment, non-judgmentally, in the service of
self-understanding, wisdom and compassion.”
(Kabat Zinn, 2017, Mindful)
What is mindfulness?(Shapiro, Carlson, Astin, & Freedman, 2006)
Evidence-based mindfulness-
based program
Mindfulness based stress reaction (MBSR)
Mindfulness based cognitive therapy (MBCT)
How well / healthy is your family?
Let’s reflect on
your own
experience
“Mindfulness not only influences the way we
relate to ourselves, including to our mental of
physical conditions, but also the way we relate to
others: ‘relational mindfulness’. By practicing
conscious, present-moment, and non-
judgmental attention, to the self and others,
profound changes in relationships may occur
(Bogels & Emerson, 2019, p.138).
(1)Effects of mindfulness
on stress reactivity
Slow down the automatic reaction
Recognize our body signal of stress
Choose how we respond / react, or choose
not to react
Stress
Physiological arousal ,
emotional reaction
Automatic Reaction
(Fight / Flight Freeze)
The Short Route – reactive parenting
Flight (Avoid / Escape)?
Fight (Attack / Blame)?
Freeze (Numb /
Immobilize)
Stress
Physiological arousal ,
emotional reaction
Notice
Be awareChoice
The longer route
(2) Self-compassion
What is self-compassion? Neff (2003)
Self-kindness vs.
self-judgment
Being gentle with
and
understanding
ourselves rather
than being self-
critical and
judgmental
Common humanity
vs. isolation
An awareness of us
having shared
experience of
suffering with others
rather than feeling
alienated, isolated
and ashamed
Mindfulness vs.
over-identificationHolding one’s
painful feelings and
thoughts in
balanced
awareness rather
than over-
identifying and
dissociation with the
experience.
Mindful Parenting Program (Bö gels & Restifo)
Compassion practices in mindful parenting. E.g
Loving kindness meditation
Bringing self-compassion to self during stressful
parenting interaction
Compassion for children and partners
Self-compassion
(3) Quality time - Being present;
Beginner’s mind, Off-judgments, and
savoring the precious moments
Notice Aware Return
Mindfulness-based program
in parenting context
Mindful Parenting Program (Bö gels & Restifo)
Mindfulness-enhanced Strengthening
Families Program (Coatsworth, et al, 2014)
Mindful & Compassionate Parenting
Program (UCSD)
Mindful parenting program
(Bö gels & Restifo)
1. Automatic pilot parenting
2. Beginner’s mind parenting
3. Reconnecting with our body as a parent
4. Responding VS Reacting to parenting stress
5. Parenting Patterns and schemas
6. Conflict and parenting
7. Love and limits
8. A mindful path through parenting
Research Evidence –
Tip of an ice-berg
Research EvidenceStudy Target group Results and Outcome
Bö gels, et al (2013)
MPP
[Non-RCT]
Parents “Improvements in the target child’s internalizing and externalizing
psychopathology symptoms, parents’ own internalizing symptoms and
externalizing symptoms; Improvements occurred on parental stress,
parenting, and coparenting, but not on marital functioning. “
Zhou et al, 2019
MPP
[Non-RCT]
Parents
(Chinese)
“Significantly reduced mothers‘ stress and depression levels; Enhanced the
positive aspects in mental health, including self-esteem, life satisfaction,
and well-being; Parenting stress and overreacting parenting practice
decreased while positive mother-adolescent interactions increased.”
Rayan & Ahmad
(2016) 5-week
mindfulness based
intervention
Parents of
children with
ASD
“Better outcomes on the measures of psychological well-being and
mindfulness than those in the comparison group; Demonstrated significant
improvements in measures of stress, anxiety, depression, and mindfulness
scores with medium to large effect size (Cohen d between 0.42 and 0.85,
P < 0.01)”
Kor , Chien, Liu, Lai
(2018)
Meta- analysis
(MBSR)
Caregivers
of dementia
patients
Mindfulness for caregivers (often partners) of dementia patients is
associated with a more favorable outcome on caregiver stress, with the
standardized mean difference with a moderate aggregated effect size of
0.57 (95% CI [0.23, 0.92], overall effect Z = 3.25 at p = 0.001), compared to
control conditions at posttest, but not at follow-up .
Warriner, Crane,
Dymond (2018)
Distressed
pregnant
women and
their
partners
Significant increase in both maternal and paternal mental health with
women demonstrating a significant improvement in symptoms of stress,
anxiety, depression, pregnancy-related distress, labour worry and positive
and negative pregnancy experiences;
Men improving significantly in symptoms of anxiety, depression and
showing a trend for improvement in self-reported symptoms of perceived
stress.
Reference
Bö gels, S. M., Hellemans, J., van Deursen, S., Rö mer, M., & van der Meulen, R.
(2013). Mindful parenting in mental health care: effects on parental and child
psychopathology, parental stress, parenting, co-parenting and marital
functioning. Mindfulness, DOI 10.1007/s12671-013-0209-7
Bö gels, S. M., & Emerson, L. (2019). The mindful family: a systemic approach to
mindfulness, relational functioning, and somatic and mental health. Current
Opinion in Psychology, 28, 138-142.
Coatsworth, J. D., Duncan, L., Greenberg, M., & Nix, R. (2010). Changing
parents’ mindfulness, child management skills, and relationship quality with
their youth: results from a randomized pilot intervention trial. Journal of child
and family studies, 19, 203-217
Feldman, C. & Kuyken, W. (2013). Compassion in the landscape of suffering. In
M. G. Williams & J. Kabat-Zinn (Eds.), Mindfulness: Diverse perspectives on its
meaning, origins and applications. New York: Routledge.
Segal, Z. V., Williams, M. G. & Teasdale, J. D. (2013). Mindfulness-Based
Cognitive Therapy for Depression. (2nd Edition), New York, Guilford Press.