WHAT CAN USAID DO TO HELP FEED THE FUTURE?

Vegetation in Galma in 1975 and 2003Vegetation in Galma in 1975 and 2003

Vegetation in Galma in 1975 and 2003 Vegetation in Galma in 1975 and 2003

1975 2003

Zinder: 1975 and 2005Zinder: 1975 and 2005

Farmer-managed re-greening in Farmer-managed re-greening in NigerNiger

5,000,000 ha re-greened in 20 years 5,000,000 ha re-greened in 20 years (only labour for protection, no investment (only labour for protection, no investment costs, no recurrent costs to governments)costs, no recurrent costs to governments)

200 million new trees200 million new trees additional cereal production/year: additional cereal production/year:

500,000 ton500,000 ton 2.5 million people fed2.5 million people fed 1.25 million farm households involved1.25 million farm households involved

Urgent to act as a « perfect storm » is brewing

> Temperatures will increase (2-3° C?)

> Rainfall will become more irregular

☛ Soil fertility is depleting

☛ Inorganic fertilizers are expensive

☛ World food market prices are high

Crop yields will decline ( - 20% to – 50%)

Population will double every 20 years

Niger: 15 million inhabitants in 2010 50 million in 2050

AGROFORESTRY IS A LOW-COST WAY TO INTENSIFY AGRICULTURE, ADAPT TO CLIMATECHANGE AND REDUCE RURAL POVERTY; NO RECURRENT COSTS TO GOVERNMENTS

WHAT CAN USAID DO TO SCALE UP AGROFORESTRY IN AND OUTSIDE THE SAHEL?

REVIEW PROJECT PORTFOLIOS FOR AFRICA ASIA LATIN AMERICA NORTH AFRICA AND MIDDLE EAST

TO EXPLORE OPPORTUNITIES FOR INCLUDING A RE-GREENING COMPONENT

RE-GREENING IS ABOUT:

☻ PROMOTING ON-FARM REGENERATION☻ TREE PLANTING☻ PARTICIPATORY FOREST MANAGEMENT☻ RANGE MANAGEMENT

1990

LAND REHABILITATION AND AGROFORESTRY

2004

Demi lunes

Combretum glutinosum

Zaï

Techniques simples

Piliostigma reticulatum

Impacts importants

NEW AGROFORESTS ON SENO PLAINS (MALI) 450,000 ha

This is what it looks like on the ground

MAINSTREAM AGROFORESTRY INTO EXISTING PROJECTS AND PROGRAMS

DEVELOP NATIONAL AGROFORESTRY PROGRAMS IN THE SAHEL…..URGENT NEED !! (x million $)

THIS WAS BARREN LAND IN 1985

MAINSTREAM RE-GREENING INTO ALLRELEVANT PROJECTS IN SAHEL

A STUDY ON ECONOMIC VALUATIONOF AGROFORESTRY IN THE SAHEL IS UNDERTAKEN BY ICRAF

DEVELOP VALUE CHAINS IN AGROFORESTRY

DEVELOP A MOVEMENT AND A PROCESSAROUND RE-GREENING

BECOME CHAMPIONS OF RE-GREENING…

THE CONTENT OF RE-GREENING PROGRAMS WILL DIFFER PER COUNTRY

Natural regeneration in enclosure Natural regeneration in enclosure in Tigray and on-farm in Zinderin Tigray and on-farm in Zinder

Horn of Africa Regional Environment Centre and Network HoAREC/N: KEY ROLE IN BUILDING RE-GREENING MOVEMENT IN ETHIOPIA

No. of members: 50 local organisations

Build or strengthen links with:

- Productive Safety Net Programme- Sustainable Land Management Programme- Agricultural Support Programme- National Forum on Climate Change- Drylands Coordination Group - Belief systems- International NGOs

HOW QUICK CAN USAID ACT?

HOW FLEXIBLE IS USAID?

CAN USAID SUPPORT LONGER-TERM PROCESSES?

« WE KNOW WHERE WE START,BUT NOT WHERE WE WILL END ».

1. IDENTIFY EXISTING SUCCESSES2. FARMER-TO-FARMER VISITS 3. ADAPTATION OF NATIONAL POLICIES4. BUILD A CIVIL SOCIETY MOVEMENT5. COMPETITIONS AT DIFFERENT LEVELS6. BUILD (INTER-) VILLAGE INSTITUTIONS7. RADIO PROGRAMS 8. USE OF INTERNET AND MOBILE PHONES9. PR/MOBILISATION OF INTERNATIONAL MEDIA 10.ADVOCACY

HOW DO AFRICAN RE-GREENING INITIATIVES SCALE UP SUCCESSES?

Farmer-to-farmer study visits: which impact?Farmer-to-farmer study visits: which impact?

ADAPTATION OF NATIONAL POLICIES: SEEKING CHAMPIONS

Hama Arba DialloVice-President AssembléeNationale du Burkina Faso

Dr Laurent SedogoMinistre de l’Agriculture Burkina Faso

Radio programs potentiallyRadio programs potentiallydraw millionsdraw millionsof listeners (farmers)of listeners (farmers)

4. Web alliance for 4. Web alliance for Re-greening Africa (W4RA)Re-greening Africa (W4RA)

African Re-greening African Re-greening Initiatives: improve Initiatives: improve access to informationaccess to information

MOBILISATION OF INTERNATIONAL MEDIA

NEW YORK TIMES (2007)INTERNATIONAL HERALD TRIBUNE (2007)LE MONDE (2002, 2009)LE MONDE DIPLOMATIQUE (2011)SCIENTIFIC AMERICAN (2011)NEW SCIENTIST (2002, 2006, 2008)NATIONAL GEOGRAPHIC (2007, 2008)NPRTHE NEW YORKER (2011)ABC Radio (AUSTRALIA, 2008)Radio New Zealand (2008)

BBC WORLD Earth report (2006, 2009)

WHAT IMPACT?

ADVOCACYGRASPING ALL OPPORTUNITIES

AFRICAN RE-GREENING INITIATIVES: Creating a process and a movementBurkina Faso, MaliEthiopia, Niger

Expanding to: Kenya, Senegal, Nigeria…….

ETHIOPIE

HoAREC (50 national NGOs) Drylands Coordination Group, National Forum on Climate Change, etc.

It is possible to improve the It is possible to improve the livelihoods of millionslivelihoods of millionsof farmers in Africa !!of farmers in Africa !!