J--_9r How to

Precisely Pinpoint Performance

Ogden R. LindsleY

Behavior Research Company366 North 1600 Road

Lawrence, KS 66049-91 99

Voice (913) 887-6869Fax (913) 843-2162

Cqrighi ls5. O9d6 Und.l?' Pi.pdrt' t' Cod. PP03

O 1995 Ogden R. Lindsley,366 N.I600 Road, lawrence, KS 66M9. All Rights Reserved.

PINPOINT-1

Goal of this Pinpoint Module:

Tell how to separate behavlor andresult pairs from labels and non-acts.

Descrlbe need for fluency andchannel conslderatlons.

Not to descrlbe advantages ofdlfferent types of frequency palrs -whtch ls done ln "Plnpolnts" module.

Not to provlde practlce - whlch lsdone ln our "Plnpolntlng" module.

CoBfihrlss -Og.io Lhd.lly. Piryfit.2 - Cod.PPD3

Notes and ideas:

@ 1995 Ogden R. Lindsley, 366 N.1600 Roa4 lawrence, KS 66049. All Righs Reserved-

PINPOINT-2

People Track Performance :

Non-performance:

o IABEIS Lazy, Good attitude,

o NON-ACTS Accident free days

Performance:

o BEHAVIORS Llsts product features

r RESULTS ltems sold per day

Behavior Research CompanyCoptright 1s5 - Ogda thddq. piT.itt.3 - Codr ppD3

Notes and ideas:

@ 1995 Ogden R. Lindsley, 366 N.1600 Roa4 l:wrence, KS 66(X9. All Rights Reserved.

PINPOINT.3

Sample Label Pairs

Wanted:

o Ambitiouso Courteous

o Self-stiuter Has to be toldo Cooperatlve Competltlve

Tell neighbor three other label pairsand wrlte them below:

Notes and ideas:

@ 1995 Ogden R. Lindsley,365 N.1600 Roa4 lawrencs KS 56049. AU Rights Reserved.

PINPOINT.4

Performance Labels

r Can't be counted.

o Force using insensitive rating scales.

o Put problem in the person.

r Blame or pralse the petfotmer.

o Hlde behavlors needlng change.

o DON'T LABEL !!

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Notes and ideas:

@ 1995 Ogden R. Lindsley, 366 N.16m Road, l.awrencs KS 66M9. All Rights Reserved.

PINPOINT-5

Sample Non-acts

o Zero defects

o Accident-free days

o Eyes on worko correct llftlng posltl0n

r Never late for work

Tell neighbor three other non-acts andwrlte them below:

Cotright I €5 - Og.ra thd.lq' PiiFht' 6' Cod. PPD3

Notes and ideas:

@ 1995 Ogden R. Lindsley,365 N.1600 Road l:wrence, KS 66M9. All Rights Reserved-

PINPOINT-6

Performance Non-acts

o Can't be counted.

r Hlde the wanted and unwantedperformance.

o Rewards must be glven afterspeclfled tlme wlth no-actlon - whenperformer ls dolng somethlng else.

o Can't reward wanted, nor penalizeunwanted performance .

o DON'T PINPOINT NON-ACTS !!

Cogrit ht l fr95 - Ogdn Lir-l.y - Pitp<irt . 7 . Cod. PPD3

Notes and ideas:

@ 1995 Ogden R. Lindsley,366 N.1600 Roa4 l-awre,nce, KS 56M9. A]l Rights Reserved.

PINPOINT.T

Lindsley's Dead-man Testfor Behavior

o Separates behavlor from non-acts.

r If a dead man can do lt, lt lsn'tbehavlor, so don't waste tlme trylngto change it.

r Behavlors are always verbs (Harless).

Cottright 't S5 - Ogd- [hil.' - PinPoht . I - Codc PPD3

Notes and ideas:

@ 1995 Ogden R. Lindsley, 366 N.1600 Road, lawrence, KS 66049. All Rights Reserved.

PINPOINT.s

Single Behaviors

r Much, much better than labels.

r Much better than non-acts.

o Because wanted and unwantedbehaviors change independentlY'slngles don't guarantee success.

o One third of the time singlepinpoints give unwanted outcomes.

o ALWAYS PINPOINT A PAIR !!

Cofrahl 1995 . Ogdo lndq . Prnpdtt - 9 . Cod. PPO3

Notes and ideas:

@ 1995 Ogden R. Lindsley, 366 N.1600 Roa4 l-awrence KS 66049. All Rigltts Reserved-

PINPOINT-g

Behavior Pairs

r Plnpolntlng wanted/unwanted palrsguarantees qualitY and accuracy.

r The wanted part of the patr tells theperformer what to do ln Place of theunwanted Part of the Pair.

r If one of the palr ls not changtng lnthe deslred dlrectlon lt can bequickly seen and remediated

e ALWAYS PINPOINT AND CHART A PAIR !!

Behavior Research ComPanY

Notes and ideas:

Cottdeht 1905 -ryn Lhilq ' pi*5, ' to 'Cod! PPIB

@ 1995 Ogden R. Lindsley,355 N.1500 Roa{ I-awrence KS 66M9. All Rights Reserved-

PINPOINT.l O

Sample Behavior Pairs

Adjusts spacing exactlY off guide

Uses calculator correctlY PoorlY

Atms free throw ln 3 sec. over 3 sec.

Follows Job atd exactlY lnexactlY

Greets customer warmlY coldlY

Tell nelghbor three other behavlorpairs and write them below.

o ALWAYS PrNPotNr AND:"H:1"::"15;CoF riohl lS5 - Ogdn Lirill.t' FtPoirt''l I' Cod. PPD3

Notes and ideas:

@ 1995 Ogden R. Lindsley, 366 N.1600 Road, lawrence, KS 66049. AI Rights Reserved.

PINPOINT.I l

Gilbert's Leave-it Testfor Results

r Separates behavlor from lts results(called accomplishments by Gilbert).

o If you leave tt behlnd when you walkaway from the Job, lt ls a result.

r Results are always nouns (Harless).

Cotdght tees - Ogdo LbNl? - PilToirt ' i2 ' Codr PPOS

Notes and ideas:

@ 1995 Ogden R. Lindsley, 366 N.l6m Road, Iawrence KS 66M9. AI Rights Reserved.

PINPOINT.l2

Sample Result Pairs

Parts accepted reJected

Math problems corrects errors

Free throws hlts mlsses

order forms perfect wtth errors

Customers satisfied unsatisfied

Tell nelghbor three other result palrsand write them below.

o ALWAYS PrNPorNr AND::#J"::*j:copy'i||ftt rt95 -Ogda t.iriltt'Pipdrt'13 ' Codo PPO3

Notes and ideas:

@ 1995 Ogden R. Lindsley, 366 N.1600 Roa4 lawrencs KS 66049. Ail Righa Reserved.

PINPOINT.l3

Performance Pictures

o Over ten dlfferent plctures oflncorrect and error frequencYchanges occur ln most sltuatlons.

o Ten perform€rnce plctures aredrawn on the next Page.

o A polnt-see-say performance plcturepractlce sheet follows that.

o ALWAYS PINPOTNT AND CHART A PAIR !!

Co!ryriht I $5 - Ogdo Lhd.Lt - PirFirt ' I ,a ' Cod. PPD3

Notes and ideas:

@ 1995 Ogden R. Lindsley, 366 N.1600 Roa4 lawrence, KS 66049. All Rights Reserved.

PINPOINT.I4

Ten Performance Pictures

-_+ _>\_+

Line Gode:

Corrects _-|>Errors -->

Record Floor(Zero Level)

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Cross-over

Conects increasing

Enors decreasing

ollo

lncreasingrapidly

Jaws

I

I

Conects increasingErrors decreasing

otto

lncreasingrapidly

Conech increasing

Errors maintaining

%lncreasing

slowlY

Conects increasingEnors increasing

6lto

Maintaining

Conects maintainingEnors decreasing

otto

lncreasingslowly

Conects maintainingEnors maintainirp

o/o

Maintaining

Conects mainhiningEnors increasing

olto

Decreasingslowly

Down-hill

II

I

Conects decreasingEnors decreasing

olto

Maintaining

Landing

Conects decreasingEnors maintaining

allo

Decreasingslowly

Snow-plow

Conects decreasingEnors increasing

ollo

Decreasingrapidly

Take-off

Uphill Dive Tracks Surface

o 1994ogden R. Llndsl6y366 No[h 1600 Rd, Lawl€nce, KJS 66ot9. All Rlghb Reseilod. File cods CNvtxfodPlc8lo.1

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Name (ID#) D_ M_ Y_ Timing No. this day: _ No. of min: _Point Say how proportion (Vo) changes across time: (increasing, inc)

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O 1993 Ogden R. Llnd6loy.366 Norlh 1600 Rd., Lawrence, KS 66049. All Rlghts Reso'.ed

Fluencyo Eric Haughton discovered thatatmlng performance at htghfrequencles produced more:Retentlon Endurance AppltcatlonStandards Stabtltty Confldence

o Results from a sample fluency studyln namlng Greek letters to dlfferentpractlce frequencles was comparedto their later correct retentionfrequencies.

Copyright lr5 -Ogdo Lhd.lt. Ptngdrt- 15.Cod. PPOs

Notes and ideas:

O i995 Ogden R. Lindsley,366 N.1600 Road, lawrence, KS 66O49. All Rights Reserved.

PINPOINT-15

Fluency Data samPle

Greek letters correctly named per min.

Practice no,/mln Retention no,/min

70

60

50

28

L2

4

- Behavior Research

Copy?i|ht l$s - Ofdo lhdlcy ' PitFht ' 16 ' Cod. PPD3

Notes and ideas:

@ 1995 Ogden R. Lindsley, 365 N.16m Road, Iawrence KS 66049. Ail Rights Reserved.

PINPOINT.l6

Pinpoint for Flue Aims

o Brlef plnpolnts ( 1 or 2 syllables)permit practice to fluencies above60 per mlnute.

e Abbrevlatlng words permlts fluentpractlce alms - three sampl€s!FrequencyCeleration

Coptrifht 195 . Ogd- lr*llq - Plr?dt . l7 . Cod. PPO3

Notes and ideas:

Number per minute to Nmo Tell neighbor three fluency briefs

from your work and write below.

Behavior Research Company

to Freqto cel

@ 1995 Ogden R. Lhdsley, 355 N.l5m Roa4 lawrence KS 66049. All Rights Reserved-

PINPOINT-17

Select Channel for Learning

o Preclslon Teachtng also dlscoveredthat the see-say and hear-saychannels are most comfortable formost learners and produce higherfrequencies and steeper learning.

r Deslgn practtce materlal ptnpolntsto permit rapid switchlng fromhear-say to see-say and to see-wrltechannels.

Behavior Research CompanyCopttiohttges.Ogd.t lilehy. PirFit.lt - Cod. PPO3

Notes and ideas:

@ 1995 Ogden R. Lindsley, 366 N.1600 Road,I-awrence, KS 66049. All Righa Reserved"

PINPOINT.l S

Pinpointing Don'ts

No labels.

No non-actions.

No counts without time.

No tlme wlthout counts.

No Iarge low-frequency plnpolnts.

No cumbersome channels.

Cop'right rS5 -O9d6 tiid.Lt - Pitp<itt - t0. Cod. PPD3

Notes and ideas:

O 1995 Ogden R. Lindsley, 366 N.l6m Roa4 Lawrence, KS 56049. All Rights Reserved-

PINPOINT.I9

a

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Pinpointing Do's

Always pinpoint a hit/miss pair.

Plnpolnt a result palr flrst.Plnpotnt a behavtor palr nextgutded by peachy and lemonyperformers.

Track only frequencles (count/mln).

Pinpoint for high fluency aims.

Select high celeration channel.

Behavior Research CompanyCotright tlDs - o9da LhdrtrT. pti*it,. 20. Godr PPO3

Notes and ideas:

@ 1995 Ogden R. Lindsley, 366 N.1600 Road Lawrence, KS 66M9. AU Rights Reserved.

PINPOINT.2O