how we got the bible the bible in your hands general outline 9.gnostic gospels & beyond...
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How We Got the BibleThe Bible In Your Hands
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General Outline
9. Gnostic Gospels & Beyond10.Textual Criticism11.The Catholic Era & The Reformation12.The Bible in Your Hand
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Outline for Study• Why Talk About This?• Translation Philosophies• Other Specific Translation Issues• Which One Is “Right”?• Ben’s General Rules
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Why Talk About This?• An Almost Uniquely English Problem
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The Version Wars• It was believed that changed Bibles would
lead to a changed church.• It was thought that this could be prevented.Conclusions:• We don’t want to be the people that tell
others to use our “special Bible.”• We need to teach people about the Bible’s
they actually have.
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Translation Philosophies
WORD FOR WORD• FORMAL CORRESPONDENCE: Translators try
to retain as much of the originating text’s sentence structure and word order as possible.
THOUGHT FOR THOUGHT• DYNAMIC EQUIVALENCE: Translators put the
ideas of the originating text into the equivalent images and language of the receiving culture.
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Translation Philosophies
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Translation Philosophies
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Example: 1 Corinthians 11:20
• INTERLINEAR: Coming together therefore you to the it not it is of the Lord a supper to eat.
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Example: 1 Corinthians 11:20
• INTERLINEAR: Coming together therefore you to the it not it is of the Lord a supper to eat.
FORMAL CORRESPONDENCE• KJV: When ye come together therefore into
one place, this is not to eat the Lord’s supper.• NASB ‘95: Therefore when you meet
together, it is not to eat the Lord's Supper,
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Example: 1 Corinthians 11:20
• INTERLINEAR: Coming together therefore you to the it not it is of the Lord a supper to eat.
DYNAMIC EQUIVALENCE• NIV ‘84: When you come together, it is not
the Lord’s Supper you eat,• ESV: When you come together, it is not the
Lord’s supper that you eat.
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Example: 1 Corinthians 11:20
• INTERLINEAR: Coming together therefore you to the it not it is of the Lord a supper to eat.
LOOSE DYNAMIC EQUIVALENCE• NLT: When you meet together, you are not
really interested in the Lord's Supper.• GOD’S WORD: When you gather in the same
place, you can’t possibly be eating the Lord's Supper.
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Example: 1 Corinthians 11:20
• INTERLINEAR: Coming together therefore you to the it not it is of the Lord a supper to eat.
PARAPHRASE• MESSAGE: You come together, and instead of
eating the Lord’s Supper, you bring in a lot of food from the outside and make pigs of yourselves.
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Example: Matthew 26:27• INTERLINEAR: Drink ye of it all.• KJV: Drink ye all of it.• ESV: Drink of it, all of you.• NIV ‘84: Drink from it, all of you.• MESSAGE: Drink this, all of you.
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Example: Romans 10:10• INTERLINEAR: For with heart [one] believes
unto righteousness, and with mouth [one] confesses unto salvation.
FORMAL CORRESPONDENCE• KJV: For with the heart man believeth unto
righteousness; and with the mouth confession is made unto salvation.
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Example: Romans 10:10
DYNAMIC EQUIVALENCE• NASB ’95: for with the heart a person
believes, resulting in righteousness, and with the mouth he confesses, resulting in salvation.
• NIV ’84: For it is with your heart that you believe and are justified, and it is with your mouth that you confess and are saved.
• ESV: For with the heart one believes and is justified, and with the mouth one confesses and is saved.
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Example: Romans 10:10
LOOSE DYNAMIC EQUIVALENCE• NLT: For it is by believing in your heart that
you are made right with God, and it is by confessing with your mouth that you are saved.
• GOD’S WORD: By believing you receive God's approval, and by declaring your faith you are saved.
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Example: Romans 10:10
PARAPHRASE• MESSAGE: With your whole being you
embrace God setting things right, and then you say it, right out loud: “God has set everything right between him and me!”
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Other Specific Translation Issues
Gender Neutrality• Good: 1 Timothy 5:8• Neutral: Mark 16:16; Matthew 4:4• Bad: Gender of God? (Hebrews 12:7)• (NIV ‘84) “Endure hardship as discipline; God is
treating you as sons. For what son is not disciplined by his father?”
• (NIrV) “Put up with hard times. God uses them to train you. He is treating you as children. What children are not trained by their parents?”
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Other Specific Translation Issues
Textual Criticism• Erasmus (16C): 6 mss• Mill / Textus Receptus (17C): 82 mss• Westcott-Hort (19C): Eclectic, Primarily 2 mss• Modern Text (20C): 5,000+ mss & a lot moreImportant Questions• How many manuscripts (etc.) available?• How are manuscripts evaluated?
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Which One Is “Right”?
The Version you want to use depends on your purpose.• Word-For-Word: Good for word studies (as
long as you trust the words).• Thought-For-Thought: Good for extended
readings (as long as you trust the thoughts).• Paraphrase: Good for a paraphrase (as long
as you trust the paraphrase).
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Ben’s General Rules• Read criticisms of your Bible.• Avoid single author translations for primary
Bible usage.• Avoid translations with a stated agenda.• Be cautious in study from though-for-
thought translations.• Paraphrase Bibles should not be your
primary Bible.• Parallel Bibles: Beware of “picking” phrases.
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