Hosta Species Update●The Hosta Library●ORG20061103●©W. George Schmid 2010

Rev. Issue 2007.02.15 R1 Rev. 2010.12.10 R2

H.takahashii Y. Araki 1942 Acta Phytotaxonomica et Geobotanica, Vol. 11, 327 1942.

シヒゾギボウシ = Shihizo Gibōshi 해인비비추 = Hae-in-bi-bi-chu (Korean = H. tardiva)

History and Nomenclature: In Japan H. takahashii is called Shihizo Gibōshi, “Shihizo’s Hosta.” It was named for the collector Shihizo Takahashi by the Japanese botanist Y. Araki in 1942. This taxon is one the many local morphs growing in the general area of the former Ōmi-no kuni (近江国), an old province of

Japan, which today comprises Shiga precollection as being in the general area offeet], which is one of the highest peaks inthe Gifu (岐阜; Gifu-ken) and Shiga (滋賀県collected on his own but he also acceptedcollectors, cultivated them in his garden anumber of local morphs and interspecipopulations in the mountainous habita関西地方 - also known as the Kinki regiotakahashii represents the Latinized forMaekawa (1969) was the first to disregarsynonymous with H. tardiva. Korean bota

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Habitat of HMount Ibuki (伊吹山; Ibukiy

. takahashii

fecture. The holotype lists the point of Mount Ibuki (伊吹山) [1,377 m = 4,518 this area, straddling the border between Shiga-ken) prefectures. Araki not only

collections from other researchers and nd established them as taxa. He found a

fic hybrids are represented by isolated t of the Kansai region (Kansai-chihō; n) of central Honshu. The species epithet m of the collectors name Takahashi. d this taxon. Fujita (1976) considered it nists have accepted Fujita’s position and

-

ama) in Shiga-ken (滋賀県)

the Korean name is Hae-in-bi-bi-chu (해인비비추), which is the Korean name for H. tardiva. The taxonomic synonymy with H. tardiva is not supported by morpho-metrics (Schmid 1991) nor DNA analysis (Sauve, R.J., S. Zhou, Y. Yu, and W.G. Schmid; 2005) and I retained this taxon as a species in 1991 (Schmid, 1991). In addition, its genome size of 21.9 pg (Zonneveld, B.J.M. and F.Van Iren. 2001) indicates a position in the H. sieboldii/H. rectifolia complex. This taxonomic placement better conforms to habitat conditions and adjacent population types seen in its habitat. Allopatric populations do exists in the wild and for this reason I have included it in this species update. It may be an interspecific hybrid that has found an environment where it maintains itself successfully, regardless of its measured low fertility (Zonneveld, B.J.M. and F.Van Iren. 2001). More significant than the phenotypical differences listed under Biology, below, is the differentiation by RAPD analysis. H. takahashii was compared with H. tardiva, H. tibae and H. tsushimensis. Based on the resulting banding patterns, H. takahashii was differentiated from the other taxa by a single primer (refer to DNA banding details under Plant Morphology). The holotype shows two determinavit labels: One by Murata, inserting Fujita’s opinion (1976) and a later one in 1992 inserting a H. ×tardiva by Haynes E. Curry at UGA (1988/1992); apparently indication as a H. tardiva (interspecific?) hybrid. Some

uthors disagree with this judgment by considering this a culton and writing the

Del. W.G. Schmid 1991

habit

give approximate ions only)

◘

◘ =

Habitat MapNear Ibukiyama

Habitat and Biology: Before 1942, Y. Araki discovered several new phenotypes among native Hosta populations in central Kansai region (Kansai-chihō 関西地方 - also known as the Kinki region). Kansai lies in the South-Central area of Honshu. Araki found a new taxon in the general area of Mount Ibuki (伊吹山), which is listed on the holotype specimen. The species occupies the shaded slopes of the mountain and evolved as a “local type.” Although many of the variants in the H. sieboldii complex “look” different, they have similar flower morphology. This variant has somewhat different

aname as a cultivar name H. ‘Takahashii’ per the ICNCP.

(Please note: The

at areas shown

locat

Populations of H. takahashii

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flowers as detailed under Morphology, but it is highly differentiated by its ovate leaves that are much larger than both H. sieboldii, H. tardiva or H. rectifolia. The leaves have acuminate tips and their shape is cordate with a truncate base and a dis-tinct leaf-to-petiole transition. The flowers do not have the distinct, dark lines as seen in H. sieboldii, but barely visible lines, which blend more into the back-ground color. The anthers are purple. The flower buds are purple suffused and the scapes, raceme and seeds show much purple spotting.

◄◄◄ H. takahashii

(cultivated plant) Shihizo Gibōshi シヒゾギボウシ

Elongating scapes and racemes

Hosta Hill R.G. ◄ © W.G. Schmid 1990.08.11

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Racemes with seed pods and a closer look at pods

◄ © W.G. Schmid 1990.09.30

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H. takahashii (Holotypus) シヒゾギボウシ Coll. loc. cit.: In Ibukiyama (伊吹山), Shiga-ken (滋賀県) by S. Takahashi

KYO No. 14833 [1938.09.09] Kyoto Univ. Herbarium (京都大学総合博物館)

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Plant Morphology: Plant size 50–65 cm dia. by 30 cm high (20–26 by 12 in.). Petiole 17.5–25 cm by 4–1 cm wide (7–18 by 0.16–0.45 in. wide), slightly winged, erect, green with purple-dotted at the base, lighter above. Leaf 12.5–20 cm by 10–17 cm wide (5–8 by 4–6.7 in.), erect, broadly ovate, peti-ole transition truncate, cordate, slightly undulate, wavy in the margin, smooth, shiny light, elm green above, glossy light green below, tip acuminate. Venation 5–8, sunken above, very projected, smooth below. Scape 65–80 cm long (26–32 in.), erect, green, purplish red dotted at the base. Sterile bracts 3(5), clasping the stem; fertile bracts, navicular, long, thick, grooved, green, persisting, not withering atanthesis. Raceme 30 cm (12 in.), 15–30 flowers. Flowers 3.5–4.5 cm long and 3–4 cm broad (1.5–2 by 1.25–1.50 in.), purple-violet, Type B coloration (Schmid 1991 ▲▲perianth expanding, in the central part slightly dilated bell-shaped, lobes spreadinghalf open, short pedicels, projecting stamens. September. Seed pods light green, purple-dotted. Anthers densely purple-dotted, look purple. Fertility: Partially Fertile.

Karyotype-Chromosomes: Sporophytic Count = 60; 12 large, 48 small; (2n).

Genome Size: DNA content (2C) in pg (one (10-12) gram) = 21.9 ± 1.09. (Zonneveld, B.J.M. and F. Van Iren (2001). See note under DNA banding.

DNA Banding: Recent RAPD analysis (Y. Yu, 2002; Sauve, R.J., S. Zhou, Y. Yu, and W.G. Schmid. 2005). In additions to other taxa, the banding patterns of 4 related species accessions (See Fig. B) were compared in the 2002/2005 study. Thespecies shown in the banding pattern were compared using a single primer OPB-01 5'-GTTTCGCTCC-3'), generated three bands as shown in Fig. B. The polymorphic

band (850bp) common to (36) H. tardiva, (39) H. takahashii, (40) H. tibae allowed for the separation of (41) H. tsushimensis from the group. The second band (937bp), which was common to (36) H. tardiva and (40) H. tibae allowed for their separation

Banding Pattern (Fig. B) 36 39 40 41

) ,

4

(

36 = H. tardiva ahashii

39 = H. tak

40 = H. tibae

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41 = H. tsushimensis

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ird band (6H. takahashii from this group is an indi-ynonymous with H. tardiva. Genome size in kahashii is 21.9 ± 1.09. (Zonneveld, B.J.M.

nonymy:

a, Vol. 11, 327 1942. . loc. cit.: S. Takahashi, Mt. Ibuki (伊吹山), 県), central Honshu, Japan.

Synonyms:

from (39) H. takahashii. The th 76bp) allowed for the separation of (40) H. tibae from (36) H. tardiva. Separation of cation that this species related to but not spg for H. tardiva is 22.7 ± 1.1 and for H. taand F. Van Iren (2001).

Taxonomic Type and Sy H. takahashii Araki. Acta Phytotaxonomica et GeobotanicType: In KYO, No. 14833, 1938.09.09; coll

Shiga Prefecture (Shiga-ken; 滋賀 Botanical Synonyms: H. takahashii = H. tardiva Fujita, N., 1976; synonym not accepted here) H. takahashii = H.× tardiva Curry, H.E. Currie, H. E., 1988/1992; s.l. ; synonym not

accepted here) Japanese Language Synonyms: H. takahashii = シヒゾギボウシ = Shihizo Gibōshi Korean Language H. takahashii = 해인비비추 = Hae-in-bi-bi-chu (= H. tardiva – s.l.)

▲Developing bud initial 1990.07.14 ◄ Expanding Raceme 1990.08.04

H. takahashii (cult. plant)

Hosta Hill R.G. © W.G. Schmid

H. takahashii in Cultivation: This species is in cultivation and has

1995. It has beautiful late-blooming flowers o clones have been seen. Both

, but conforming to the holotype) and

been sold in the hosta trade since about and its leaf mound is tidy and attractive. At least twapparently came from Japan (not voucheredone of them has unique 3-colored flowers: The narrow tube is dark purple and the perianth outside is white with dark, purple lines, while the inside is of a uniform purple color with darker stripes. The Japanese call this Kinshoku Gibōshi (三色ギボウシ = “Tricolored Hosta”) and the equivalent cultivar name would be H. takahashii ‘Kinsho-ku’. Regardless, whether regular flowers or tri-colored ones, H. takahashii is a good horticultural subject.

H. takahashii ‘Kinshoku’ ►►► 三色ギボウシ = “Tricolored Hosta” Hosta Hill R.G. © W.G. Schmid 1990.08.25

(cultivated plant) H. takahashii .; W.G. Schmid 1990.06.07 Leaf mound in spring; Hosta Hill R.G

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Horticultural Progeny: No horticultural progeny of H. takahashii is on record.

H. takahashii (

ill R.G. ● © W.

CSeed

Hosta H

▲ H. takahashi Flowers Hosta Hill R.G. © W.G

G. Schmid; 1990.09.17

ultivated plant) stage

H. ‘Kinshoku’ Flowers▲. Schmid 1990.08.25

-

◄◄◄ H. takahashii

(Cultivated Plant) Hosta Hill R.G.

© W.G. Schmid All photographs

◄ seed pods – detail Notice purple dotting

1990.09.23

◄◄◄ H. takahashii

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[三色ギボウシ]

◄ species flower buds and

perianth 1989.08.09

◄◄◄ H. ‘Kinshoku’

◄ tricolor flowers of

H. ‘Kinshoku’ 1989.08.07

References: Araki, Y. 1942. Acta Phytotaxonomica et Geobotanica, Vol. 11Chung, M.G. and S.B. Jones. 1989. Pollen morphology of Hosta

and related genera. Bulletin of the Torrey Botanical Club, Vol. 116, 1:31–44. Currie, H. E., 1988. Collected chemo-systematic data for a dissertation on

biosystematics of the genus Hosta. (Preliminary title: Biosystematics of theEastern Asian species of Hosta). University of Georgia, Athens/1992).

Erdtman, G. 1966. Pollen morphology and plant taxonomy. Angiosperms. Hafner: N. Y. Fujita, N., 1976a. The Genus Hosta (Liliaceae) in Japan. Acta Phytotaxonomica et

Geobotanica, Vol. 27, (3–4) pp. 66–96. Grant. V. 1981. Plant speciation. Columbia University Press; N.Y. Maekawa, F., 1971. The Genus Hosta in Japan. NMaekawa, F., 1969. Hosta Trattinnick. In

Seibundoshinkosha, Tokyo, Vol. 3:1105–1109. Maekawa, F., 1972. The distribution map of Hosta in Japan. In Garden Life

Seibundoshinkosha, Tokyo, Vol. 8:31–33. u, and W.G. Schmid. 2005. Random amplified D) analysis in the genus Hosta. HortScience 40(4).

Schmid, W.G. 1991. The genus Hosta: Giboshi Zoku (ギボウシ属). London and Portland: Timber Pres

Schmid, W.G. 2004. Hosta species and DNA fingerprinting. Bull. Brit. Hosta Hemerocallis Soc. 2004: 50, 59-66.

Schmid, W.G. 2005. Species and such: Hosta DNA fingerprinting. The Hosta Journal, Vol. 36 2005 (3): 69-74.

u, Y. 2002. Classification of s and cultivars based on RAPD analysis. T ith W.G. Schmid); published in summary in Sauve, R W.G. Schmid. 2005 (which see).

Zilis, M.R. 2009 a. Rochelle: Q & Z Nursery, Inc. onneveld, B.J.M. and F.Van Iren. 2001. Genome size and pollen viability as

criteria: Application to the genus Hosta. Plant Biology, 3, pp. 176-ieme Verlag: Stuttgart

, 327; 1942. Tratt. (Funkiaceae)

ew Flowering Plants, Tokyo, 70:3–7. New Encyclopedia of Horticulture,

,

Sauve, R.J., S. Zhou, Y. Ypolymorphic DNA (RAP

s.

Y hosta specieSU Graduate School (w.J., S. Z d hou, Y. Yu, an

. The HostapediZ

taxonomic185. G. Th

H. takahashii

(Cultivated plant) Hosta Hill R.G. © W.G. Schmid

1989.08.19

Note: Other species in

background are already carrying seed pods, while late-blooming H. takahashii is still

in full bloom

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H. takahashii (シヒゾギボウシ) Shihizo Gibōshi (Araki 1942) ►► © W.G. Schmid Hosta Hill R.G. 1998.10.21 Seed capsules after dehiscing; showing both fertile and aborted seeds

◄ H. takahashii (シヒゾギボウシ)

© W.G. Schmid Hosta Hill R.G.

1992.05.24

Note:

Leaf surface damage by pine

cone

chmid 2007/2010: The text and illustrations are copyrighted and are available for personal reference only. Other contributors

retain their copyright of featured photographs as noted in captions. he content may not be published in printed form without the author’s

written permission. Web quote reference:

© W.G. S

T

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W. George Schmid, HostaLibrary.org/species/.