htas electric vehicle technology final_tcm24-308575

8/8/2019 HTAS Electric Vehicle Technology Final_tcm24-308575

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HTASJaarplan 2009

High Tech Automotive Systems 0

High Tech Automotive Systems

June 2009

Electric Vehicle Technology


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14 June 2009 1

HTAS Innovation Programme

Electric Vehicle Technology


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14 June 2009 2

Table of Contents

Executive Summary ............................................................................................................... 3I. Motivation and background ......................................................................................... 5

II. Opportunities for electric mobility in the Netherlands ............................................... 6Challenges with respect to the market, the infrastructure and vehicles. .............................. 7Certification and Security ..................................................................................................... 8Strengthening the automotive sector .................................................................................... 8

III. Ambitions of the Dutch Automotive Sector ................................................................ 9Background .......................................................................................................................... 9Market considerations for the Netherlands and Europe 2020 ............................................ 10SWOT analysis ................................................................................................................... 11

IV. Programme theme Electric Vehicle Technology (EVT) ............................................ 13

Reference Car .................................................................................................................... 13System Integration ............................................................................................................. 14Programme description ...................................................................................................... 14Analysis of the business cases .......................................................................................... 16

V. Organisation .................................................................................................................18Consortium ......................................................................................................................... 18Governance ........................................................................................................................ 18

VI. Finance & ambitions ................................................................................................... 20

Appendices ........................................................................................................................... 22

References ............................................................................................................................ 29


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14 June 2009 3

Executive Summary

The HTAS Innovation Programme is the result of a joint effort within the Dutch AutomotiveSector. It is an initiative of the Federation Holland Automotive (FHA) in collaboration with theindustrial partners, SMEs, knowledge institutes and government.

In this HTAS programme, new developments have resulted in an initiative to create acompetitive position for the development of electric vehicles, their components and parts.The study HTAS Visie document hybride en elektrische aandrijvingen was completed in2008, and formed the basis for this next development phase of the HTAS InnovationProgramme,

Triggered by the results of this study and the prospective favourable circumstances, the FHAstarted developing a Master plan in early 2009 entitled Naar een snelle en grootschaligeintroductie van de elektrische auto in Nederland. During the preparation of this Master plan,FHA began collaborating with the (power) electronics industry, the automotive sector, the

national and regional governments, and a number of potential launching customers ofelectric vehicles.

The conclusions of both studies are starting points for the R&D programme line ElectricVehicle Technology within the existing HTAS Innovation Programme.

The HTAS Innovation Programme concentrates on two main areas:

Driving Guidance and Vehicle efficiency as prime focus areas for growth and innovation.

Driving Guidance is the area of automotive ICT. The goal is to improve mobility,safety and the environment.

Vehicle efficiency aims to reduce fuel consumption. Vehicle efficiency is a broad

technology area with much international activity.

Within the focus area of vehicle efficiency, two themes are distinguished:

The theme of Efficient powertrain will work on integrated powertrain control,advanced combustion, after-treatment and high-efficiency transmission concepts.

The theme of Light constructions targets the weight reduction of specific sub-assemblies through the application of material innovations.

Electric Vehicle Technology will be added as a third theme within the focus area Vehicleefficiency.

The business case for electric mobility is not only a matter of technology, but also of good

cooperation and organisation between the economic sectors and the authorities concerned.A number of non-technical issues are identified that play a large role in the development ofElectric Drive. They are embedded in the FHA Master plan but also in this R&D programmeline of Electric Vehicle Technology. Particular attention is devoted to ensure goodcooperation with the energy sector and the government on a great number of technical andnon-technical issues.

As also suggested in the original HTAS Innovation Programme, specific attention should bepaid to topics such as Education, Knowledge Transfer and Business Development(especially for SMEs).


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14 June 2009 4

Furthermore, due to the international character of mobility (e.g.. standards and technologies)and the industrial sectors involved, there is a need for (mainly European) cross-bordercooperation.

Implementing the theme of Electric Vehicle Technology will be a part of the total HTAS

Innovation Programme, and will also be supported by a lean organisation that encouragescooperation between projects. The programme office will be expanded to accommodate thistheme.

For the Electric Vehicle Technology, HTAS will cooperate closely with the Dutch NationalTask Force (E-Team) that coordinates activities in the field of Electric Drive, and that alsostimulates cooperation with the government.

Figure 1 provides an overview of the HTAS Innovation Programme and the relationshipbetween the various R&D-themes, the theme Electric Vehicle Technology, and the finalgoals that have been set:

Figure 1: Overview of the HTAS Innovation Programme

(A stands for Automotive)

The theme Electric Vehicle Technology will run over 5 years and is planned to attract an

overall investment of 87 Million (including investments for knowledge transfer, educationand governance).

The additional turnover by 2020 is estimated at 3.5 billion, with additional employmentopportunities for high-tech employees of 7,500 positions (FTEs).

The content described by this R&D programme Electric Vehicle Technology consolidatesHTAS as an international leading programme on the focused automotive growth area ofelectric drive. The results include a high financial yield, with major social relevance. Thewhole is more than the sum of its parts.


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14 June 2009 5

I. Motivation and background

Worldwide, the development of and interest in electric cars is growing. The drive towards arapid and widespread introduction of electric cars seems to have kicked off definitively. Thebenefits of the introduction of electric cars are widely acknowledged.

Over the past three years, the development of electric cars has grown very quickly. In 3years time, a development has been achieved that normally takes 15 years. In fact, theelectric car has largely already been developed and tested. The first vehicles of the newgeneration can enter large-scale production within several years. Major car manufacturersare now developing their strategic plans and determining their choices in terms of testingmarkets, suppliers and production facilities.

It is therefore a crucial time for the Dutch automotive industry to launch activities in the fieldof electric car manufacture and to deliver the required components. The existingdevelopments can be seen as a major opportunity for the Netherlands to take a large stepforward in the production of already developed and tested electric cars and their strategic

components. The Dutch government and the Dutch Automotive Industry therefore decided toorganise the knowledge and research sector in this area of the HTAS InnovationProgramme, in order to develop and set up new activities.

The Netherlands already has a vigorous automotive industry. Today, the Dutch automotiveindustry consists of over 200 companies, representing a turnover of 12 billion and morethan 40,000 FTEs. This industry may be small compared to other European countries, butnot so in national terms, where it is among the top 3 sectors of the Dutch manufacturingindustry. It is strong, innovative, eager and ambitious, and it has a strong potential for growth.

The market opportunities for clean and sustainable cars are recognised clearly by the Dutchautomotive industry. Contributing to the further advance of the plug-in full-electric car is agrowing part of its activities.

The automotive sector, represented by the Federation Holland Automotive, has thereforeformulated the following set of goals for electric cars:

Stimulate the use and production of full electric cars;

Play an active role in research and development (also in European consortia);

Stimulate manufacturers and suppliers of strategic components for electric cars in theNetherlands;

Attract large (foreign) suppliers of key technology for electric cars;

Facilitate the large-scale production of full-electric cars and components in theNetherlands.

In line with these goals, the FHA has published a Master plan outlining the steps required to

reach these goals, and pointing out the opportunities for the Dutch economy and society.1

1See the report Naar een snelle en grootschalige introductie van de elektrische auto in Nederland,published by the Federation Holland Automotive, Zoetermeer, April 10, 2009.


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14 June 2009 7

In summary: the Netherlands offers the following favourable conditions to bring theproduction and use of electric cars in Western Europe to a larger scale in just a few steps,:

Flexible manufacturing automotive plants, very suitable for small series of electriccars;

A solid technological environment where - thanks to available knowledge of keytechnologies and components - the strategic development and pioneering of electriccars can be undertaken;

Protected test environments with knowledge and understanding of issues concerningthe infrastructure for the parking and charging of electric cars, where experiences anddevelopments can be monitored;

A great number of launching customers in government, industry, and car-leaseorganisations;

Government (national, provincial and municipal) that aims to play a dynamic andstimulating role in the promotion and introduction of electric cars.

Challenges with respect to the market, the infrastructure and vehicles

However, there are still a number of challenges to overcome before the large-scaleintroduction in Western Europe and the Netherlands can take place.

These challenges concern:

The development and promotion of the market;

The construction and standardisation of infrastructure;

The key components and necessary improvements of electric vehicles;

Assuring the availability of high-quality lithium-based cells for the production ofbatteries for electric vehicles.

The market requires considerable attention and effort over the coming years. Challenges to

be met in this area include: the price of electric cars compared to alternatives; the contractingof launching customers; the supply and acceptance of electric cars; establishing tax rebatesfor clean cars; admission / safety and maintenance protocols for electric cars, etc.

With regard to the infrastructure, this includes challenges such as an efficient energy supplyand storage (smart grid), the financing and payment of electric batteries (depending on thepossible business cases), sufficient charging points at home, at work and at public places,issues of standardisation, safety and certification, etc.

In terms of vehicles, we can briefly highlight the following challenges:

The safety, certification, testing and homologation of electric vehicles;

Drive properties, comfort and increasing the range of electric vehicles;

The battery management and software to enhance the cars energy efficiency The manufacturing capacity for vehicles and components;

The standardisation of vehicles, components, batteries, connections, etc.

These topics and the correlation between vehicle, infrastructure and market are detailed

further in Naar een snelle en grootschalige introductie van elektrische autos in Nederland.


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14 June 2009 8

Certification and Security

The safety of the vehicle, the user, the battery and the electric charging need to be regulatedproperly. Electric cars differ from traditional cars, and assuring the necessary safetymeasures requires special attention by the automotive industry, the energy suppliers and thepublic authorities.

Electric cars involve a number of security issues that can have a great impact on the driver,the passengers and the other traffic, such as:

The weight and place of the battery pack in case of collision

The electricity and associated fire hazard

The effects of the battery packs high voltage in situations of collisions, if a car hits thewater, etc.

The industry, the knowledge institutes and the government therefore need to work on:

Monitoring the safety and use of electric cars (starting in the laboratory);

Developing safety protocols for electric cars, components and batteries throughinternational cooperation;

Regulating and promoting standardisation in this area;

Preparing type-approval procedures for electric cars;

Developing effective service schemes for vehicle maintenance and periodicinspections;

The timely adaptation of legislation in this area.

Strengthening the automotive sector

In the Netherlands, several investments have already been made in the field of componentsfor electric drive (battery materials, battery management systems, inverters, motors, etc.).Many - mostly small - enterprises have started in this new and rapidly evolving market,

denoted as 'Electric Mobility. Their scale is one of the bottle-necks, however. It is thereforenecessary to help these companies scale up, to gain a leading role in the European markets.HTAS, as national innovation programme for the automotive sector, can help achieve this bybuilding a strong national innovation consortium and aligning international contacts.

The Netherlands is also a good alternative for the assembly-line production of electricvehicles. The Netherlands has excellent production and assembly facilities for vehicles,suitable for the manufacture of smaller series of cars (30,000 to 40,000 cars per year).

Finally, the Netherlands is home to various knowledge institutes like TNO, TU Delft, TUEindhoven, Hogeschool Rotterdam and Hogeschool Arnhem and Nijmegen that are alreadycontributing to the technological development and to promoting the market introduction ofelectric cars.

Government help and support in the above-named developments and the production ofelectric cars is essential, especially with respect to business opportunities:

to launch battery development and production;

to encourage the technical development of components and sub-assemblies(including range extenders);

to bundle technology and knowledge in a pool for electric mobility;

to encourage innovation, such as an efficient billing system for electricityconsumption.


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14 June 2009 9

III. Ambitions of the Dutch Automotive Sector

Background

The renewed interest in electric cars appears to be of a permanent nature. Whereas thefocus of the vehicle was formerly on its technical operation, today the electric car is seenmuch more in the context of electric drive or electric mobility. Issues such as electricdriving, state-of-the-art battery and charger technology and the production of renewableenergy are closely related.

Dutch politics and government have a positive attitude towards electric drive and the need forits introduction. Not surprisingly: the small area of our country with its high population densityis affected by substantial mobility problems. In combination with the growing sustainabilityconcern, this fuels a growing demand for vehicles that are more economical, cleaner andquieter. Electric vehicles meet all three requirements and are even cheaper to use.

The transition to a large-scale introduction of a pure electric vehicle is a gradual process,from the automotive perspective. Due to the limited energy density of the current state-of-the-

art batteries, at present only short trips (in the range of 100 to 200 km) can be made. Formore than 90% of the daily mobility trips, this is sufficient. All further developments such asfast charging, smart grids, battery swap, etc., necessary for electric drive to evolve as a newmobility form, may gradually scale up from there. If the demand for and supply of electricenergy can lead to new dynamics in this way, the market for renewable electrical energyfrom wind, water and sun can be boosted further. Most OEMs share this overall vision for theautomotive roadmap.

Many experts see the full electric vehicle in combination with a range extender for longerdistances as the ultimate means of transportation in the future. The electric cars availabletoday are certainly not a final solution. The cars will undoubtedly develop in many forms andin competition with each other (electric, hybrid and combustion engine).

The latest plug-in electric vehicles explicitly require an increase in investment in the(electricity) infrastructure. The development of new automotive technical knowledge, thepooling of IT (software engineering), power electronics, powertrain technology and batterytechnology are essential.

Also, these types of vehicles, which are substantially different in design and constructionfrom the traditional car, offer opportunities for many new and often niche-players on themarket. The same market will also determine which customers may potentially purchasethese new products. Meanwhile, many players are busily engaged with the latesttechnologies and still need to start up the manufacture of massive volumes of electricvehicles. China has a huge production capacity for battery technology for consumerelectronics and has a lively market for electric bicycles and scooters. This will prove to betheir technological and cost-technical advantage over the traditional automobile industry in

the west. In short, over the coming decades there will be plenty of space for new propulsiontechnologies and user trends.

Full electric vehicles have significantly fewer components than the current car. For example,the Quicc by Duracar has 600 components, while a normal vehicle has between 1700 and2200 components. One of the electric vehicles components, the battery, is very expensive.As technology develops and economies of scale encourage cost savings on this component,this disadvantage will be mitigated. So far, pure electric vehicles are often functionally usablevehicles, but not yet a trademark or fashion article like petrol or diesel-powered cars.


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Market considerations for the Netherlands and Europe 2020

To obtain a view of the market opportunities for the Netherlands and Europe in the nearfuture (2020), we need some figures and assumptions.

Analysing the actual situation on the market and the market trends, we can estimate the

number of electric vehicles in the future and arrive at an educated guess of whats in it forthe Dutch and European economies, and set targets accordingly.Expectations are that by 2020, the market share of electric cars will be between 2% and 5%.We shall now consider the situation for the Netherlands and for Europe.

NetherlandsThere are now approximately 8 million cars in the Netherlands. Electric drive will increaseover the coming years. With a view to the guiding role that the Netherlands could fulfil inEurope, we assume a growth rate of 5%. This means that assuming a successfulintroduction it would be feasible to have about 400,000 vehicles (max.) in the Netherlandsby 2020.This number will mainly be achieved by electric car sales between 2015 and 2020(depending on availability and the price of cars). This means that, on average, about 80,000

registrations for electric cars per year can be expected, growing to approximately 100,000records of electric cars in the Netherlands by 2020 (i.e., 20% of the total number ofregistrations!).

The price for an electric car is currently very high (between 60,000 and 100,000).If production numbers rise and the availability of materials and components increases, then asignificant reduction of the production costs (especially for batteries) is expected to result in aprice of around 30,000 for an average electric car, including the battery pack, by 2020.

The combination of volume and price results in a situation where, by 2020, the market forelectric cars in the Netherlands is 100,000 x 30,000 = 3 billion per year.

Europe

A similar calculation can be performed for Europe:In Europe, around 250 million cars are currently registered. Assuming a modest share of 2%means 5 million electric cars in Europe by 2020. In terms of volume this means more thanone million records per year, by 2020. This is equivalent, financially, to a market of 30billion per year.

TargetsGiven the potential both technically and also in terms of market share, we may well expectthe Netherlands to gain up to 10% of this emerging market - especially for components and(sub) systems.This means that, by 2020, the European market may represent up to 3 billion turnover peryear for the Dutch industry. The turnover generated by the domestic Dutch market isestimated at about 25% of the total market, i.e., 750 million. Finally, we assume a marketoutside Europe of 1 billion. Thus, based on the considerations above, in our view it seemsrealistic for the Dutch programme line for Electric Vehicle Technology to assume an annualturnover of up to 5 billion from 2020. With a success rate of 70%, the extra turnover is 3.5billion. In terms of employment opportunity, we can translate this turnover into 7500 FTEpositions for high-tech employees (contributing 125,000 turnover per year), assuming that1/3 of the created jobs will be inside the Netherlands.


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SWOT analysis

Knowing the strengths and weaknesses of the Dutch automotive industry within the contextof the opportunities and threats that are associated with the introduction of electric cars, wecan take the measures necessary to achieve our goals. One of these measures is to build an

effective innovation programme for electric cars.

The diagram below indicates the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats in severalkeywords. Each aspect is explained further in short statements:

SWOT analysis for Electric Vehicle Technology in the Netherlands

Strengths

Key technology needed to attain a leading market position is available in severalcritical areas (battery, power electronics, traction and vehicle design);

A lot of experience is available in the field of electric vehicles for B2B-markets inlogistics centres, seaports and airports;

Due to the absence of major OEMs, there is much room for start-up ventures,possibly resulting in new brands of electric vehicles;

The Netherlands is a small country, e-drive can quickly be implemented at a nationallevel;

The automotive sector is well organised (FHA, HTAS etc.).

Weaknesses

Knowledge is scattered across industry, universities, knowledge institutions;

Many small budgets for electric drive, with currently little coordination betweeninitiatives;

Master plan, financial support from government and implementation strategy DrivingElectric Delta Works is not finished yet.


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Opportunities

A strong home market for electric vehicles can boost production of vehicles, sub-assemblies and components;

Social / politics: Dutch government invests in and encourages pilot programmes in

electric driving. If the government, acting as customer, remains critically andsubstantially involved, this may lead to a successful electric vehicle market. Aging ofthe population can diminish the total market for cars yet increase opportunities for theelectric car, also because of the convenience of home charging;

Environment: alternative energy sources such as wind power can be expanded andlinked to electric drive;

Employment: increase in electric drive and the ancillary developments in verydifferent industries (vehicles, batteries, electricity, energy producers, ICT, serviceproviders, filling stations) has a favourable effect on employment.

Threats

Given good cooperation between electric drive projects, the Netherlands can create a

significant critical mass in the market for electric vehicles. But if individual projectswith lower budgets remain locked in competition, they may turn out to be temporary.In that case it will not be possible to realise quick growth in the different areas(vehicles, e-net services, market);

If the Netherlands does not act quickly enough with well-coordinated field tests andpilot projects, it will not obtain the knowledge and experience required to fulfil aguiding role within Europe;

If the Dutch automotive industry does not respond quickly enough, electric vehiclesand more of the parts and components will be imported from abroad. We will thuslose the opportunity to create additional jobs and to build knowledge;

Many Dutch electric utility companies will come into the hands of private foreigninvestors, for who the issue of electric drive in the Netherlands may not be a priority

(e.g. RWE and Vattenfall).

ConclusionsThe Netherlands has sufficient knowledge and capabilities to initiate the production of newelectric vehicles with the existing and new supply industry. Coordination between theindustry, research and educational institutes will be performed by HTAS.

The large variety of small and medium-size businesses affords the Netherlands a goodposition to focus on developing and manufacturing components and (sub) assemblies. It alsooffers opportunities to build complete vehicles in flexible manufacturing plants.

The Electric Vehicle Technology programme is devoted to countering the weaknesses andthreats and makes maximal use of the strengths and opportunities to achieve such a position

that international companies will also want to focus their demand for electrical vehicleproduction, components and parts on the Netherlands.

In short, electric drive may provide an excellent opportunity for Dutch industry. It can give animportant impetus to new mobility and to more production of zero emission electricity.


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IV. Programme theme Electric Vehicle Technology (EVT)

Reference Car

As a result of the SWOT analysis, the programme line Electric Vehicle Technology (EVT) willmainly focus on components and (sub) assemblies.It is obvious, however, that the individual projects need to be synchronized with each other.

Therefore, the central theme and guideline in the EVT R&D-programme will be the design ofa complete Reference Vehicle as a framework for all the research projects and activities. Thebinding goal is a newly designed and fully integrated electric vehicle as a demonstrator, todemonstrate the architecture of the vehicle and the interrelation and interconnection betweenall the incorporated innovations.

To develop a solid design and assure the proper functioning of components for the electricvehicle, every research project has to fulfil the constraints of:

System Integration; Standardisation;

Modularity;

Flexibility;

Scalability;

Compatibility;

Interoperability;

Consistency;

Eco-friendly use of materials;

Recycling and reuse of components and materials (esp. batteries).

The starting point and structure for each research project is a common electric reference car.This reference car or demonstrator ensures the synchronisation between the different

projects. The reference car will thus serve to safeguard the interconnection and interrelationbetween the several research projects (see figure 1).

Figure 1: The Reference Car as Guideline within the HTAS-EVT programme


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System Integration

An important condition for the success of the EVT research programme is to create a well-considered future-proof architecture, which provides guidance for car and componentmanufacturers throughout the complete lifecycle of the car, i.e. from the design stage untilthe final recycling process. Good thinking makes good products. Therefore, there is a need

for a seamless integration of the different elements and components in the electric car.

Now is the opportunity to create, from scratch, a well thought-out common concept for a fullelectric car, and to develop and build components that fit within this common overall concept.

The architecture has to be based on the principles of modularity. This opens new possibilitiesfor knowledge institutes and the industry to pursue technological improvements in theirproducts over the course of time. These improvements need to have a short time-to-marketso that they can be implemented in a cost-effective and efficient manner.

In this way, development and production costs for the automotive industry and manufacturersof key components will be lower, which means lower operating costs for the consumer.

Programme description

Based on the many interviews that were made for the study HTAS Visie document Hybrideen electrische aandrijvingen, HTAS has selected 5 key areas for the Dutch researchprogramme on Electric Vehicle Technology.These key areas are:

1. Chassis and Body;2. Powertrain;3. Control;4. Auxiliary equipment;5. Other (Design, development and engineering, interface with the e-infrastructure).

Within these 5 key areas, a number of relevant research projects for the furtherimprovement of electric cars have been defined. This was done through a fruitfulcooperative effort involving the automotive industry (united in the Federation HollandAutomotive), the knowledge institutes (TNO, TU-Delft, TU-Eindhoven, HogeschoolArnhem-Nijmegen, Hogeschool Rotterdam) and the Dutch government (representedby the Ministry of Economic Affairs).

The following table provides an outline of the R&D programme for each of the 5 key areas.The detailed aims (that is, the content and deliverables) of each project and theorganisations that are involved are provided in Appendix 1 of this report. For each projectthere is an estimation of the costs, the planning, and the expected turnover once the projecthas been successfully completed.:


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Overview R&D Programme Electric Vehicle Technology

European CoordinationThe European Commission recently announced the European Green Cars Initiative. Theaims of this initiative are to support innovation in manufacturing, construction and in theautomobile sector, which have recently seen demand plummet as a result of the crisis andwhich face significant challenges in the transition to the green economy

Three Directorates General of the European Commission (INFSO, RTD and TREN) wish to

focus on road electrification in a coordinated manner. The five key areas for Europeanresearch are:

1. Energy storage systems;2. Drive trains;3. Vehicle integration;4. Infrastructure integration;5. Electric Car, integrated with the transport system.


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Other calls concerning battery technology and a large European Field test will also belaunched this year. From 2010, the European Commission will concentrate on the personaland social acceptance of electric driving. The calls will include a link to the averageconsumer to prevent the looming fall into the chasm (that is, if the mainstream market is not

propelled into motion). Explicit attention will be paid to the vision of how it can beimplemented in consumer environments.

HTAS will consult the Dutch government and the EC to determine how cooperation in theEuropean context can be addressed.

Analysis of the business cases

Economic growthThe content of the programme is based on the strengths of the Dutch automotive industry incombination with the worldwide automotive development towards lower and zero emissionvehicles, especially the full electric car. The main objectives of the programme are based on

the above-mentioned assumptions and should lead to an increase in turnover of the sector,especially through the activities for parts, cars and complete electric cars, up to about 3.5billion and an additional employment of 7,500 FTEs. The EVT programme shows verypromising international business opportunities that will allow this ambition to be met. Theprogramme will boost economic activities beyond the automotive sector as well. There will bea spin-off towards other sectors like the electricity sector, as an additional effect.

Social benefits & sustainabilityThe challenge facing modern society is to achieve economic growth in a sustainable way.This is particularly relevant for the transport industry. Main trends in the industry, andtherefore also the focus areas of the electric vehicles, are three factors of sustainable growth:Safety, Environment and Mobility.

Dutch automotive industry

In addition to important economic growth, there are other benefits for the Dutch automotiveindustry. New developments will require stronger cohesion between companies for theelectric car. A totally new product is needed, for which partners need to cooperate to pursuejoint results, which cannot be achieved alone. Companies will become part of stronginternational networks. SMEs will get involved and work together with larger companies andknowledge institutes. The electric car requires other and new components, which newcompanies are already developing. They have started working together with the alreadyexisting industry. Also in this way, a stronger international image of the Netherlands as anindustrial high-tech nation in the field of electric drive will enhance the marketing power ofDutch industry abroad and attract new industries to the Netherlands.


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EducationNew automotive professional education programmes specialised in electric vehicletechnologies are needed. They will boost the professional quality of the industry, bothautomotive and other. Skills and competencies needed for electric drive and electric cars canalso benefit other sectors. Lively and attractive education programmes are an important

instrument in attracting more students to Technical Universities, Hogescholen and TechnicalColleges at all levels. The currently running HTAS enabling programme needs to be adaptedto these new developments.

GovernmentThe Electric Vehicle Technology programme is an open invitation to government to worktogether with the industry and knowledge institutes to realise mutual goals on safety,mobility, environment and sustainable economic growth. During the preparation of thisprogramme, the Federation Holland Automotive launched a Master plan entitled Naar eensnelle en grootschalige introductie van de elektrische auto in Nederland. At the same time,the Ministries of Transport, Economic Affairs, Environment and Finance are jointly workingon a national plan too. The two development plans appear to mesh well with each other. Thisjustifies the expectation that the ambitions of the Dutch automotive sector strongly cohere

with the plans of the Dutch national government.


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V. Organisation

Consortium

The Electric Vehicle Technology programme theme will become part of the total HTASInnovation Programme, with the three different both national and international groups of

partners:

Industrial partners;

Knowledge institute partners;

Government.

For the Electric Vehicle Technology, industrial partners are not only found in the automotivesector but also in the electrical and electro-technical sector, which will play a major role indeveloping this technology (for instance the battery and charging technology, powerelectronics, etc.). The same applies to the knowledge institutes. Also their know-how in termsof electricity use and its influence on electric cars will form part of the programme theme.

The Dutch government will be involved in the execution of this programme, not only as afunding partner but also in the expression of the national ambition for a sustainable transportsystem. A National Task Force will be responsible for the overall coordination of activitiessurrounding the introduction of electric cars in the Netherlands.

In the regional field tests to be organised for electric vehicles in the coming years, support isrequired from the technical side, which includes universities, knowledge institutes, and theautomotive industry. National and local governments, electricity companies, e-car suppliers,launching customers etc. will be involved in these field tests of the electric car. In addition,there are roles for government institutions where legal and safety issues are concerned.

Furthermore, it is evident that the success of HTAS depends on international collaboration.As pointed out above, the European Commission has started the Green Cars Initiative.

Where possible, efforts should focus on collaborating with European initiatives and on theorganisational participation in consortia, which will work on various initiatives to be taken bythe EC in this area. Different calls are foreseen for the coming years.

European OEMs and Tiers often form consortia to advance R&D on special subjects. ManyHTAS partners participate in such international consortia. These contacts are very importantand sometimes even preferable to 1-to-1 contacts with OEMs to avoid competition effectsand restrictions in market development.

Governance

The EVT programme will be part of the HTAS Innovation Programme and should be a leanand pragmatic organisation, suited to executing the programme to achieve the plannedresults. The tasks for the governance of HTAS are:

To achieve the individual programme objectives (according to the InnovationProgramme);

To set up an annual business plan in line with the achieved results and marketdevelopments;

The financial control of the programmes and reporting of the programme progress (tothe programme committee and SenterNovem);

The development and facilitation of new programmes in line with the targets of theInnovation Programme;

To coordinate communication between all parties involved.


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For the governance and organisation of the work, as for other parts of the HTAS InnovationProgramme, 5% of the budget is reserved.

The governance model will consist of the same organisation as the HTAS InnovationProgramme with one remark: the EVT programme has a direct connection with the National

Task Force for the introduction of Electric Drive in the Netherlands. This ensures that othersectors like the electricity sector are closely involved with the activities conducted within theprogramme.

This means that, within the HTAS Innovation Programme, the R&D programme EfficientVehicle will have a third theme, namely Electric Vehicle Technology. This theme can beinfluenced by the National Task Force and of course can feed the National Task Force withthe results of the projects in return.

Governance of the HTAS Innovation Programmeand the relation with the National Task Force


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VI. Finance & ambitions

Based on the content described in the previous chapters, the partners (and potentialpartners) in HTAS have worked on estimations for the required investments and the potentialturnover created by the EVT programme. The following table provides an overview of theresults. The figures are based on estimations per sub-project, as detailed in the appendices.

The R&D programme line will focus on innovations of key components and (sub) assemblies,creating turnover and employability. However, the HTAS Innovation Programme alsoforesees (for this additional EVT programme line) the need to support the R&D Programmewith an Enabling Programme for the areas of Education, Knowledge Transfer and BusinessDevelopment. Thanks to the current HTAS Enablers sub-programme, only a limited increaseof investments is assumed:

The Education programme, aligned with electric vehicle technology, needs to run forabout two additional years. Knowledge transfer has to be set up (achieved throughworkshops, symposia and an improved information exchange between knowledgeinstitutes and industrial partners, especially SMEs), and business development isrequired to match the new ideas on (E) mobility with new possible business models.

The governance of the HTAS EVT Programme Line is estimated to cost a maximumof about 2 million over a 5-year period.

Furthermore, but outside the financial scope of this HTAS EVT Programme Line, a

number of operational field tests have to be set up on a national but also internationalscale. This will be done in close cooperation with the national Task Force for ElectricMobility (see FHA report).

The Electric Vehicle Technology Programme Line as presented in this report requiresa total investment of 87 million and is estimated to generate a total turnover of 4,700 million/year. The programme will target a success rate of 70%, equaling 3,500 million additional turnover.

Finally, assuming that part of the turnover will be realised in the Netherlands by high-tech positions, the programme line will also target a growth in employmentopportunity of about 7,500 FTEs by 2020.


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This new HTAS programme line for Electric Vehicle Technology is fully compatible with thefocus of the HTAS Innovation Programme on Efficient Vehicle Technology. This programmeline is moreover consistent with government goals and is presumably part of the nationalprogramme for E-mobility, as proposed by the recent report of the Federation HollandAutomotive.

Investing in Electric Vehicle Technology is an opportunity for industry, knowledge partnersand government to work together on societal and economic goals. If this public-privatepartnership performs well, the Netherlands has a realistic chance of becoming a guidingcountry in Europe with respect to E-mobility.

HTAS is ready for Electric Vehicle Technology.


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Appendices

A more detailed structure of the HTAS programme line Electric Vehicle Technology isoffered below. The individual projects are grouped according to the 5 key areas:

1. Chassis and Body;2. Powertrain;3. Control;4. Auxiliary equipment;5. Other (Design, development and engineering, interface with the e-infrastructure).

An overview of the organisations involved in this HTAS programme line is also provided.


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1. Chassis & body


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2. Powertrain


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3. Control


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4. Auxiliary Equipment


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5. Other


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Organisations involved in Electric Vehicle Technology


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References

HTAS HTAS Innovation ProgrammeSeptember 2007

FHA

Naar een snelle en grootschalige Introductie van elektrische

autos in Nederland April 2009

HTAS HTAS Visie document Hybride en elektrische aandrijvingen January 2009


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