html 5 and css 3_ the techniques you'll soon be using - tuts+ code tutorial.pdf

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HTML 5 and CSS 3: The Techniques You'llSoon Be Usingby Mads Kjaer 7 Jul 2009
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In this tutorial, we are going to build a blog page using next-generation techniques from HTML 5

and CSS 3. The tutorial aims to demonstrate how we will be building websites when thespecifications are finalized and the browser vendors have implemented them. If you already

know HTML and CSS, it should be easy to follow along.


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1.HTML 5

HTML 5 is the next major version of HTML. It introduces a bunch of new elements that will make

our pages more semantic. This will make it a lot easier for search engines and screenreaders

to navigate our pages, and improve the web experience for everyone. In addition, HTML 5 will

also include fancy APIs for drawing graphics on screen, storing data offline, dragging and

dropping, and a lot more. Let's get started marking up the blog page.

2.Basic Structure

Before we begin marking up the page we should get the overall structure straight:

In HTML 5 there are specific tags meant for marking up the header, navigation, sidebar and

footer. First, take a look at the markup and I'll explain afterwards:

Page title


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Page title

It still looks like HTML markup, but there are a few things to note:

In HTML 5, there is only one doctype. It is declared in the beginning of the page by

. It simply tells the browser that it's dealing with an HTML-document.

The new tag header is wrapped around introductory elements, such as the page title or alogo. It could also contain a table of contents or a search form. Every header typically

contains a heading tag from to . In this case the header is used to introduce

the whole page, but we'll use it to introduce a section of the page a little later.

The nav-tag is used to contain navigational elements, such as the main navigation on a

site or more specialized navigation like next/previous-links.

The section-tag is used to denote a section in the document. It can contain all kinds of

markup and multiple sections can be nested inside each other.aside is used to wrap around content related to the main content of the page that could

still stand on it's own and make sense. In this case we're using it for the sidebar.

The footer-tag should contain additional information about the main content, such as info


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about who wrote it, copyright information, links to related documents and so on.

Instead of using divs to contain different sections of the page we are now using appropriate,

semantic tags. They will make it a lot easier for search engines and screen readers to figure

out what's what in a page.

3.Marking Up the Navigation

The navigation is marked up exactly like we would do it in HTML 4 or XHTML, using an

unordered list. The key is that this list is placed inside the nav-tags.

BlogAboutArchivesContactSubscribe via. RSS

4.Marking Up the Introduction

We have already defined a new section in the document using the section tag. Now we just

need some content.

Do you love flowers as much as we do?

Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipisicing elit, sed

We add an id to the section tag so we can identify it later when styling. We use the header tag

to wrap around the introductory h2 element. In addition to describing a whole document, the


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header-tag should also be used to describe individual sections.

5.Marking Up the Main Content Area

Our main content area consists of three sections: the blog post, the comments and the

comment form. Using our knowledge about the new structural tags in HTML 5, it should be easy

to mark it up.

Marking up the Blog Post

Go through the markup and I'll explain the new elements afterwards.

This is the title of a blog post

Posted on June 29th

Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Proin

We start a new section and wrap the whole blog post in an article-tag. The article tag is used to

denote an independent entry in a blog, discussion, encyclopedia, etc. and is ideal to use here.

Since we are viewing the details of a single post we only have one article, but on the front page

of the blog we would wrap each post in an article-tag.

The header element is used to present the header and metadata about the blog post. We tell

the user when the post was written, who wrote it and how many comments it has. Note that the

timestamp is wrapped in a -tag. This tag is also new to HTML 5 and is used to mark up a

specific place in time. The contents of the datetime attribute should be:


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1. The year followed by a figure dash (a minus sign to you non-typography nerds)

2. The month followed by a figure dash

3. The date

4. A capital T to denote that we are going to specify the local time

5. The local time in the format hh:mm:ss

6. The time zone relative to GMT. I'm in Denmark which is 1 hour after GMT, so I write +01. If

you were in Colorado you would be 7 hours behind GMT, and you would write -07.

Marking up the Comments

Marking up the comments is pretty straight-forward. No new tags or attributes are used.

CommentsGeorge Washington on


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Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipisicing elit, sed

Marking up the Comment Form

Several enhancements to forms have been introduced in HTML 5. You longer have to do client-side validation of required fields, emails, etc. The browser takes care of this for you.

Post a comment

Name

E-mail

Website

Comment

There are new two new types of inputs, email and url. Email specifies that the user should enter

a valid E-mail, and url that the user should enter a valid website address. If you write required

as an attribute, the user cannot submit an empty field. "Required" is a boolean attribute, new to

HTML 5. It just means that the attribute is to be declared without a value.

Marking up the Sidebar and FooterThe markup of the sidebar and footer is extremely simple. A few sections with some content

inside the appropriate aside- and footer-tags.


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You can view the final, unstyled markup here. Now for the styling.

6.Styling with CSS 3

CSS 3 builds upon the principles about styles, selectors and the cascade that we know so well

from earlier versions of CSS. It adds loads of new features, including new selectors, pseudo-

classes and properties. Using these new features it becomes a lot easier to set up your layout.

Let's dive in.

Basic Setup

To start off with we are going to define some basic rules concerning typography, background

color of the page, etc. You'll recognize all of this from CSS 2.1

/* Makeshift CSS Reset */

{

margin: 0;padding: 0;}

/* Tell the browser to render HTML 5 elements as block */

header, footer, aside, nav, article {

display: block;}

body {

margin: 0 auto;width: 940px;font: 13px/22px Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;background: #f0f0f0;}

h2 {

font-size: 28px;line-height: 44px;padding: 22px 0;}
http://cdn.tutsplus.com/net/uploads/legacy/373_html5/markup/index.html


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h3 {

font-size: 18px;line-height: 22px;padding: 11px 0;}

p {

padding-bottom: 22px;}

First we reset margin- and padding-styles with a simple rule. In a production environment I

would use a more complete CSS Reset such as Eric Meyer's (for CSS 2.1) but for the scope of

the tutorial this will do.

We then tell the browser to render all the new HTML 5 elements as block. The browsers are fine

with elements they don't recognize (this is why HTML 5 is somewhat backwards compatible),

but they don't know how those elements should be rendered by default. We have to tell them

this until the standard is implemented across the board.

Also note how I've chosen to size the fonts in pixels instead of ems or %. This is to maintain the

progressive nature of the tutorial. When the major browsers one day are completely finished

implementing HTML 5 and CSS 3 we will all have access to page zooming instead of just text

resizing. This eliminates the need to define sizes in relative units, as the browser will scale the

page anyway.

See what the page looks likewith the basic styling applied. Now we can move on to styling the

rest of the page. No additional styles are required for the header, so we'll go straight to thenavigation.

7.Styling the Navigation

It is important to note that the width of the body has been defined as 940px and that it has been

centered. Our navigation bar needs to span the whole width of the window, so we'll have to

apply some additional styles:
http://cdn.tutsplus.com/net/uploads/legacy/373_html5/basic_styling/index.html


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nav ul li.selected a {color: #fff;}nav ul li.subscribe a {margin-left: 22px;padding-left: 33px;text-align: left;background: url("rss.png") left center no-repeat;}

8.Styling the Introduction

The markup for the introduction is pretty simple: A section with a heading and a paragraph of

text. However, we'll use some new CSS 3 tricks to make it look more appealing.

#intro {

margin-top: 66px;padding: 44px;background: #467612 url("intro_background.png") repeat-x;background-size: 100%;border-radius: 22px;}

We are using two new properties. The first one is background-size, which allows you to scale

the background-image. In our case, we scale it to 100% on both axes. If the box expands as we

add more content to it, the gradient background will scale as well. This is something that was

not possible in CSS 2.1 without non-semantic markup and miscellaneous browser issues.


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The second new property is border-radius, which applies rounded corners to the element. The

radius of our rounded corners are 22px in every corner. You could specify different values for

each corner or choose to only round individual corners.

Unfortunately, neither of the properties are fully implemented into the major browsers. However,

we can get some support by using vendor-specific attributes. Background-size is supported by

newer versions of Safari, Opera and Konqueror. Border-radius is supported by newer versions

of Safari and Firefox.

#intro {

.../* Background-size not implemented yet */-webkit-background-size: 100%;-o-background-size: 100%;


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-khtml-background-size: 100%;/* Border-radius not implemented yet */-moz-border-radius: 22px;

-webkit-border-radius: 22px;}

Since we have a background-color defined, there will be no major problems in browsers that

don't support background-size, such as Firefox. Now we just need to style the heading and the

text.

#intro h2, #intro p{

width: 336px;}

#intro h2 {

padding: 0 0 22px 0;font-weight: normalcolor: #fff;}

#intro p {

padding: 0;color: #d9f499;}

The flower image can be added easily by giving #intro a second background image, something

that CSS 3 supports.

#intro {

...background: #467612 url("intro_background.png") top left (287px 1url("intro_flower.png") top right (653px 100%) no-repeat;

...}

We give the two background images explicit dimensions to ensure that they don't overlap, and

we're set. Note the shorthand notation of background-size.


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Unfortunately, no browser reliably supports this yet, so we'll have to do it the old-fashioned way:

by including an inline image and positioning it using CSS. See the final example to see how it

was done.

9.Styling the Content Area and Sidebar

The content area and sidebar are going to be aligned beside each other. Traditionally you

would do this by using floats, but in CSS 3 we are going to use tables!

"What?! Tables?" you might ask and look confused. You probably learned years ago that using

tables for web layout is a big no-no, and it still is. You should never use the table-element to

mark up a layout. However, in CSS 3 we can make elements behave like tables without it ever

showing in the markup! To start off with, we're going to need some divs to group the sections in

a little more logical manner.


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Everything still makes sense semantically, but now we can style it. We want the #content div to

behave like a table, with #mainContent and aside as table-cells. With CSS 3, this is very easy:

#content {

display: table;}

#mainContent {display: table-cell;width: 620px;padding-right: 22px;}

aside {display: table-cell;width: 300px;


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}That's all! No more floating, faux column background images, clearing or collapsing margins.

We've made the elements behave like a table, and this makes it much easier for us to do

layout.

10.Styling the Blog Post

The styling of the post header is rather trivial so I'll skip to the fun part: the multi-column layout.

Multiple columns

Multiple columns of text was previously impossible without manually splitting the text, but withCSS 3 it's a piece of cake, although we have to add a div around the multiple paragraphs for

this to work with current browsers.

Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet...

Pellentesque ut sapien arcu...

Vivamus vitae nulla dolor...
...
Now we can add two simple properties and call it a day.

.blogPost div {

column-count: 2;column-gap: 22px;}

We want 2 columns and a gap of 22px between the columns. The additional div is needed

because there is currently no supported way of making an element span more than one column.

In the future, however, you'll be able to specify the column-span property, and we could just

write:

.blogPost {

column-count: 2;column-gap: 22px;


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}

.blogPost header {column-span: all;}Of course the column-count and column-gap properties are only supported by some browsers,

Safari and Firefox. We have to use the vendor-specific properties for now.

.blogPost div {

/* Column-count not implemented yet */-moz-column-count: 2;-webkit-column-count: 2;/* Column-gap not implemented yet */-moz-column-gap: 22px;-webkit-column-gap: 22px;}

Box shadow

If you look closely at the image in the blog post you'll see a drop-shadow. We are able to

generate this using CSS 3 and the box-shadow property.

.blogPost img {

margin: 22px 0;box-shadow: 3px 3px 7px #777;}


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The first "3px" tells the browser where we want the shadow to stop horizontally. The second

"3px" tells it where we want the shadow to stop vertically. The last "7px" is how blurred the

border should be. If you set it to 0 it will be completely solid. Last but not least we define the

base color of the shadow. This color is of course faded, depending on how much you blur the

shadow.

It probably comes as no surprise that this property is not implemented in all browsers yet. In

fact, it only works in Safari, and you have to use the vendor-specific property.

.blogPost img {

margin: 22px 0;-webkit-box-shadow: 3px 3px 7px #777;}

11.Zebra-striping the Comments

Zebra-striping, or highlighting every second element in a series, has traditionally involved

selecting all the elements via javascript, then looping through them and highlighting all the odd

elements. CSS 3 introduces the pseudo-class "nth-child", which makes it ridiculously simple to

do this without javascript. We'll use it to zebra-stripe the comments.


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section#comments article:nth-child(2n+1) {

padding: 21px;background: #E3E3E3;border: 1px solid #d7d7d7;/* Border-radius not implemented yet */-moz-border-radius: 11px;-webkit-border-radius: 11px;}

The weird value "2n+1" is actually pretty simple if you understand what it stands for:

2n selects every second item. If you wrote 3n it would select every third item, 4n every

fourth item, and so on.

The +1 tells the browser to start at element 1. If you are familiar with programming you

probably know that all arrays start at 0, and this is also true here. This means that element

1 is actually the second element in the series.

Alternatively, you could simply write:

section#comments article:nth-child(odd) { ... }

Since the standard includes the two most used values as shorthand, odd and even. The rest of

the comment styling should be simple to understand with your new knowledge.

Styling the Comment Form, Footer and Sidebar

A couple of CSS 3 techniques are reused in the styling of the comment form, footer and

sidebar. In the comment form and the footer I've used the same type of table layout technique

used in the main layout. In the sidebar border-radius is used to add rounded corners to the

different sections.

12.The Final Design

See the final designwith all styling applied.

Compatibility

The page renders correctly in Safari 4 and newer webkit-based browsers, as it is the only
http://cdn.tutsplus.com/net/uploads/legacy/373_html5/final/index.html


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rendering engine that supports all of the CSS 3 techniques we have used. Firefox 3 has some

problems applying rounded corners to our flower image and it doesn't support background-

size, but besides that the layout works. I've chosen to ignore Internet Explorer as it requires a bit

of hackingto get HTML 5 to work. You could also define some more rules and get everything

working across major browsers, but all of this is outside the scope of the tutorial.

Conclusion

When HTML 5 and CSS 3 are one day implemented in all browsers it will be a lot easier to

build websites. We'll finally be able to stop using floats for layout (which they were never meant

to be used for), and we will spend considerably less time writing javascript to scale our

background images or zebra-stripe our tables. Hopefully we will use all this extra time to study

some long-neglected areas of web design, like front end optimizationand proper information

architecture.

Follow us on Twitter, or subscribe to the NETTUTS RSS Feedfor more daily web development

tuts and articles.

Adve rtisement

Difficulty:

Intermediate

Length:

Medium

Tagged with:
http://code.tutsplus.com/search?search%5Bfilters%5D%5Bcompletion_time%5D%5B%5D=Mediumhttp://code.tutsplus.com/search?search%5Bfilters%5D%5Bdifficulty%5D%5B%5D=Intermediatehttp://feeds.feedburner.com/nettutshttp://www.twitter.com/nettutshttp://psd.tutsplus.com/articles/9-information-design-tips-to-make-you-a-better-web-designer/http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BTHvs3V8DBAhttp://remysharp.com/2009/01/07/html5-enabling-script/


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HTML & CSS Web Development HTML5 CSS3

About Mads Kjaer

Mads is a web designer and standards aficionado. He creates beautiful websites using HTML, CSS,

jQuery, PHP and WordPress. Despite his young age, he has been involved in web development since the

days of Netscape 4. Follow him on Twitter.

View Full Profile

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23/31



608 Comments

Carlos Arbelaez

Hello, nice job. I would like to use it on my course at the university. With your permision, I

would like to translate the document to spanish and distribute it on my students with your

credits ?

Best wishes

Carlos Arbelaez

Rehan

Where can we find the images used???

Reinier Kaper

I'd suggest you take a close look at your outline, because this mark-up is far from nice.Don't get me wrong, HTML5 isn't as great as people pretend, simply because of the section,

article, aside, nav, etc elements. They imply new sections and are arguably useless...

Just a little example: you use an h2 for the blog article and an h2 for the intro section, but

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because they are both within a section, they have the same weight in the outline.

Also, because you have the blog article in a section, it creates a new Untitled heading

(because the section itself implies this) which is not right.

Furthermore, I don't think you use the aside in the right way. Both Categories and Archives

should be in their own aside, because (again) an aside implies a new section and creates

an Untitled heading.

Don't get me wrong: HTML5 creates more issues with outlines than it solves, but if you

follow the current specs, you'll see that this is not really the right way to do things.

I also suggest using H5o, an HTML5 outliner snippet to see you outline, it really helps and

lets you see where you miss (implied) headings (think about all the poor screenreaders,

they go nuts over this).

cishemant

Nice one!! Can you explain me the difference between HTML5 and Microsoft Silverlight.

yacobi

Regarding the comments section, you put each comment wrapped in inside

. But a comment section is usually an ordered list with somes inside.

Jorge L Camacho

A million thanks, you gave me a playground. Hundreds of doubt out of my head. I'm a

newbie with no education about creating websites and end exactly as you exposed. The two

columns not working in IExplorer but it works fine in Firefox.

wondering

Hmm, isn't this pretty much identical to one of the THEMES from Coffee Cop HTML creator

who borrowed from whom I wonder?

Xxobit

Great tutorial! It helped me a lot, especially the content part. You make it so damn easy

compared with what I was tought. Thanks again for this tut.

Randallg

Awesome article. Thanks!

p.s. "You longer have to do client-side" should be "You no longer have to do client-side"
http://disqus.com/xxobit/http://disqus.com/jorgelcamacho/http://disqus.com/cishemant/http://www.talentsfromindia.com/silverlight-developer-programmer.html


25/31



Niranjan

Really, good job!

Jade

I believe you have used the section, article and aside tag in the wrong context

It should be used like this instead

Blah

Content

Blah

Content

With the aside is generally used as content related to the main content in the page, not for a

nav which is unrelated.

I got lots of info of correct way to use the new HTML5 tags from http://html5doctor.com/

Rusty

Great article BUT. How on earth on the comments section do you manage to get the

headings to the left aligned and the comments to the right wrapped ?? Been trying for ages

but cannot do it. Can you put the CSS up as well please ??? Driving me mad trying to do it.

:-(

Fett'e Brown

Thank you for this code. It gave me the concept that I needed in order to complete my

assignment.

Ghid turistic

Now that is the way to make a tutorial. Soon enought I will star learning css/ html and I'll be

back on this tutorial for sure

Dennis

This is the future, in the current. I like that one day browsers will start page zooming, the %

are starting to kinda get tiring.

Mulberry Alexa Bag This is a great post that i have to say like this because it is a truth. Thankyou sincerely for

your great showing with us.
http://html5doctor.com/


26/31



yacobi

Cool, but regarding the comments section, you put each comment wrapped in inside . But a

comment section is usually an ordered list with somes inside!

Jecson Singh

Wow so good information about HTML5 and Css3 thanks a lot for sharing. Here i also wantto share a very best site where anyone can share their site to get better responses in their

business.

http://cssxperts.com/

Stijn Jasper

In the index.html file you are referring to master.css however I can't seem to find that file on

this page to download. Can you put it up so I can take a look at the styling? Thank you!

M K D tutorials

nice article

Try this HTML Tutorials http://mkmovietrailer.blogspot.com/2013/09/html-tutorials.html

Definitely good tutorial,thanks

Techslate

Nice Post and good article. I would be happy if you could cover some aspect on how it can

be used for mobile friendly sites.

suleman

Thanks for the tutorial it help very much for creating the template for my website

"scriptzguru.com"

anayasteven

i think that you have to explain HTML 5 and other application in details.

http://www.adwebstudio.com/adv...

tarek hasan

Undoubtedly, that post is very effective and helpful than I found in http://vectology.com.

Really excellent tips and tutorials.
http://disqus.com/tarekhasan/http://disqus.com/techslate/http://disqus.com/disqus_HdImd5zLb7/http://disqus.com/stijnjasper/http://disqus.com/jecsonsingh/http://vectology.com/http://www.adwebstudio.com/advertising-agency-in-sharjah/http://scriptzguru.com/http://mkmovietrailer.blogspot.com/2013/09/html-tutorials.htmlhttp://cssxperts.com/


27/31



MP

You are mixing and matching old technology (LISTS) with new (NAV)!

They are two completely different things.

Nav bars are easily (and obviously) styled like this

nav {}

nav a {}

nav a:hover {}

They do not need and tags. Those belong to lists.

Chris

This layout doesn't work in Internet Explore. How come?

Nick

Some say that an unordered list inside a nav tag is redundant.

Rajkumar

Good

Sikkander

Nice tutorial....

amul

I'd have to agree with others here and point out that some of the material here is dated nowin oct 2012. However the basics still apply...

Browsers have been iterating rapidly so by the very nature the technology documentation

will always go out of date.

Amir Rachum

How do handle sticky footer business?

Randallg

'There are new two new types of inputs" probably should be "There are now two new types

of inputs"?
http://disqus.com/disqus_Vd1n7klsF0/


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Mjs34

When you get to section 9. Styling the Content Area and Sidebar you do not indicate where

the code goes in the html doc. When I check the source code of the final results page it

differs from what you had me code in the html portion of the tutorial. Maybe you make

adjustments further along in the tut, but it can be very confusing for a novice. Makes me

wonder if it's worth the money I pay.

Sudha

Thanks to share your knowledge to all. I got more ideas from this. I am new one to web

design. Keep it this kind of sharing.

Deepu

Thanks.

its very easy to understand both html5 and css3 for new guys....

MFMOsem

this is a definitely good starting point for me! thank you

lucho gizza

Excelente tutorial, good tutorial! thanks!

FoxaZ

That's an amazing tutorial. Very helpful!

rraqi

very nice :D

if you want help for html 5 check out this page

THENX

N'Djamena M.

Thanks for this tutorial. I'm kind of on the fence about HTML5/CSS3. It seems to be really

growing in popularity these days but I'm not sure I want to invest time in learning it while it'sstill not implemented across the major browsers. Cross-browser compatibility is very

important for me.
http://helphtml5.blogspot.com/


29/31



Asif Khan

Nice Tuts ......it very Help Ful

gutoLee

Nice tutorial! Thank you! But I'm wonder why you are presenting css properties that don't

have yet implemented in most browers? It would'nt be more nice if you've covered stuffs100% functional in every browser.

uploadpic

Thank you for this article, I'm inspired now with the new elements.

Hein

This is great post!

Ricardo Nunes

That's a very good beginners tutorial!

daxuky

Nice work dude! I've started learning HTML5 and this tuto have helped me a lot!

Umair Ulhaque

Nicely written with comprehensive guidelines.. I am just moving to html5 and css3 it was a

good start for me to make use of new elements thanks to the author

Rollin Shultz

It is very nice. You are using the new HTML tags , I have adopted and which I find

convenient for eliminating div IDs. I did this build with your code and images, and I played

with it a bit. I did a gradient background in place of your background and if you try it I bet you

will like it.

background: #C0C0C0; /* Old browsers */

background: -moz-linear-gradient(top, #C0C0C0 0%, #ededed 53%, #f9f9f9 100%); /*

FF3.6+ */

background: -webkit-gradient(linear, left top, left bottom, color-stop(0%,#C0C0C0), color-

stop(53%,#ededed), color-stop(100%,#f9f9f9)); /* Chrome,Safari4+ */

background: -webkit-linear-gradient(top, #C0C0C0 0%,#ededed 53%,#f9f9f9 100%); /*

Chrome10+,Safari5.1+ */

background: -o-linear-gradient(top, #C0C0C0 0%,#ededed 53%,#f9f9f9 100%); /* Opera

11.10+ */


30/31



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ac groun : -ms- near-gra en op, , e e e , ;

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