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TRANSCRIPT
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http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tgELv4aNHjQ
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•In 1819, there were 11 free states and 11 slave states. Representation in the Senate was evenly balanced between the North and the South. •Missouri wanted to join the Union as a slave state. That would give the South a majority in the Senate.
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Missouri Compromise Henry Clay proposed the Missouri Compromise.
•Missouri would join the Union as a slave state.•Maine would join the Union as a free state.
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•Congress drew an imaginary line across the southern border of Missouri at latitude 36º30´N. Slavery would be permitted in the Louisiana Purchase south of that line.
Missouri Compromise
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Issue of Slavery in the West
Problem:
•Result of the Mexican War, US acquired a vast amount of land.
•Missouri Compromise applied only to the LA Purchase, not the new western lands.
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Arguments - Issue of Slavery in the West
North:Congressman David Wilmot (PA) called for a law to ban slavery in any territories won from Mexico. (Wilmot Proviso)
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Arguments - Issue of Slavery in the West
South:
Southern leaders said Congress had no right to ban slavery in the West
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The Outcome
•House passed the Wilmot Proviso, but the Senate defeated it. The argument continued.
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Opposing Views
•Abolitionists - Slavery should be banned throughout country & morally wrong. •Southern Slaveholders - Slavery should be allowed in any territory. Slaves who escape to the North should be returned.
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Other Viewpoint - Moderates
•Idea of Popular Sovereignty - right of people to create their government
•Voters in a new territory would decide for themselves whether or not to allow slavery.
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Many northern Democrats & Whigs opposed the spread of slavery, but leaders of both parties refused to take a stand.
•Antislavery members of both parties met & founded Free- Soil Party (a new political party)
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Free-Soil Party - main goal was to keep slavery from spreading to the western territories.
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Presidential Election of 1848
•Free-Soilers - Van Buren: ban on slavery in land gained from Mexican War
•Democrats - Cass (Michigan): supported popular sovereignty
•Whigs-Taylor-LA slaveowner
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•Winner of 1848 Presidential Election- Taylor
•Even Congress contained 13 Free-Soilers
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Slavery Debate…..•1849 - 15 slave states and 15 free states. •CA enter as a free state - North would have a majority in Senate. South fear territories Oregon, Utah, and New Mexico enter as free territories/states
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•Southerners worried would be outvoted in Senate
•Southern States possibility secede or leave the US (Union)
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Opposing Views•Clay - North and South reach an agreement and if they did not - nation could break apart.•Calhoun - Refused to compromise - slavery should be allowed in the western territories
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Calhoun Continued…•fugitive slaves be returned to their owners, & warned if the North did not agree South would secede•Webster - slavery evil but the breakup of US worse - warned against civil war
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Compromise of 1850• Admits CA as a free state • Territories of New Mexico & Utah voters decide slavery question by popular sovereignty
• Bans slave trade in Washington, DC (not slavery)
• Fugitive Slave Act
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Compromise Continued… • Settles Texas/New Mexico border dispute - (Texas gave up land in eastern New Mexico and in return US assumed payment of their debts)
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Fugitive Slave Act of 1850• Citizens must help catch runaway slaves.• Let fugitives escape - fined $1,000 &
jailed. • Special courts handle cases of runaways.
No jury trials. Judges receive $10 for sending a runaway to the South and $5 for setting someone free.
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Response-Fugitive Slave Act• Some judges sent African Americans to the South to receive extra money.
• Act enraged antislavery Northerners - made them feel as if they were part of the slave system.
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Uncle Tom’s Cabin• Harriet Beecher Stowe - shows evils of slavery & the injustice of Fugitive Slave Act.
• Uncle Tom - enslaved African American noted for his kindness.
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Uncle Tom’s Cabin Continued..
• Tom is bought by the brutal Simon Legree
• When Tom refuses to reveal the location of two runaways, Legree whips him to death.
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Reaction to Uncle Tom’s Cabin• Northerners now saw slavery as a moral problem facing every American.
• Southerners claimed that the book did not give a true picture of a slave’s life.
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Leading up to Kansas-Nebraska Act
• Compromise of 1850 dealt w/ Mexican Cession (CA & New Mexico Territory, Utah Territory)
• Did not deal with land that was part of the LA Purchase (Missouri Compromise of 1820)
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• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NPrGU5rJQEc
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Kansas-Nebraska Act - 1854 • Senator Douglas - IL proposed
setting up a government for Nebraska Territory by dividing it into 2 territories - Kansas and Nebraska(part of LA Purchase)
• Settlers in each territory decide issue of slavery by popular sovereignty
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Reaction to Kansas-Nebraska Act
• Southerners hoped slave owners from MO would move into Kansas and make it a slave state
• Northerners - MO Compromise already banned slavery in Kansas and Nebraska
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Reaction to Kansas-Nebraska Act
• Kansas-Nebraska Act would overturn/repeal Missouri Compromise
• Slavery could now spread to areas that were free for over 30 years
• Some challenged Fugitive Slave Act
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Kansas consisted of …• Abolitionists brought over 1,000
settlers from New England
• Proslavery settlers also came
• Proslavery groups from MO rode across border - Border Ruffians - fought with antislavery groups
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Two Governments• 1855 Kansas held elections for
governor and legislature• Border Ruffians voted illegally
and helped elect proslavery legislature- passed laws to support slavery
• Antislavery settlers refused to accept new laws
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Two Governments Continued …
• Antislavery settlers elected own governor and legislature
• Two governments resulted in chaos
• Armed gangs roamed the territory
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“Bleeding Kansas”• Proslavery men raided town of
Lawrence - (founded by abolitionists) destroyed homes and smashed press of Free-Soil newspaper - 1856
• John Brown - abolitionist - and other men attack town of Pottawatomie Creek - murder 5 proslavery settlers at night
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“Bleeding Kansas”• Both sides engaged in guerrilla
warfare - hit and run tactics
• Late 1856 over 200 people killed
• Newspapers started calling the territory “Bleeding Kansas”
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Dred Scott Case • Dred Scott was a slave in Missouri • He moved with his owner to Illinois
and Wisconsin Territory - slavery not allowed
• Scott returned to MO with his owner who then died
• Antislavery lawyers helped Scott file a lawsuit
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Dred Scott Case
• Scott’s lawyers argued that since he lived in a free state/territory, he became a free man
• 1857 - Supreme Court decided - Scott could not file a lawsuit b/c a slave was not a citizen
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Dred Scott Case Continued…
• Slaves considered property - (5th Amendment - cannot have property taken away w/o applying the law)
• Congress did not have the power to outlaw slavery in any territory
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Dred Scott Case Continued…
• MO Compromise - unconstitutional b/c denies people right to their property
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Reaction to Dred Scott Case
• Slave owners - slavery now legal in all territories
• African Americans - condemned ruling - held public meetings
• Northerners hoped that slavery would eventually die out if restricted to the South
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Reaction to Dred Scott Case
• Northerners worried now slavery could spread to the West
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