human activities and ozone layer

8/10/2019 Human activities and ozone layer

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Human activities that candamage or affect the ozone

Our Goal:

Explain the issue and how it threatens our wayof life

Explain controversies or different perspectiveson the issue

Propose possible solutions Identify decision makers/stakeholders

Describe repercussions of ignoring the issue

By Robert Sholette, Yuliya Mikhnevich, Jacklyn Schilling,Melanie Johnson, Brett Prazych


2/17

The First Recording of Damage to the Ozone Layer

Scientists first began observing the ozone in 1957. In 1985 Scientists discover a drop in ozone levels. Scientists determine the disturbance in the ozone layer

started in the mid 1970s.

In 1985 Scientists decided that something in thestratosphere was damaging the ozone layer.

Figure 1 -- Total ozone deviations from the 1957-1980 average for Europe and North America show amajor decline since the early 1970s. The quasi-biennial- oscillations are related to stratosphericdynamics

Source: Earth Systems Research Laboratory,Observed Ozone Changes. US Department ofCommerce, National Oceanic and AtmosphericAdministration. Web,http://www.esrl.noaa.gov/gmd/ozwv/dobson/papers/wmobro/observed.html . October 23,

2014
http://www.esrl.noaa.gov/gmd/ozwv/dobson/papers/wmobro/observed.htmlhttp://www.esrl.noaa.gov/gmd/ozwv/dobson/papers/wmobro/observed.htmlhttp://www.esrl.noaa.gov/gmd/ozwv/dobson/papers/wmobro/observed.htmlhttp://www.esrl.noaa.gov/gmd/ozwv/dobson/papers/wmobro/observed.html


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The Effect Humans have on the Ozone Layer

Scientific studies over the past 20 years have confirmedhuman produced chemicals have led to the depletion of theozone layer.

Human produced chemicals contain chlorine, fluorine, and

carbon often referred to as CFCs. CFCs are most responsible for ozone reducing gases. CFCs

are used in refrigeration, air conditioning and the cleaning ofelectronic components.

Automobile fumes dont affect the ozone layer, but some ofthe fluids in modes older the 1994 can leak into the air andcause damage.


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The Threat to our way of life

The ozone impact the temperature structure of Earthsatmosphere.

The loss of ozone could significantly cool stratospherepotentially causing destructive climate change.

More ultraviolet radiation hits the Earth resulting in increasenumber of skin cancer and cataracts.

Figure 2-- shows increase number ofskin cancers over last decades.

Source: Natural Health is our DNA Webhttp://www.encognitive.com/node/10530 .October 24, 2014
http://www.encognitive.com/node/10530http://www.encognitive.com/node/10530


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. Scientists state that ozone measurements are variable frommonth to month.

- observers at Antarctic Stationsoccasionally saw unusually low ozonevalues in Spring.

- Ozone readings were dependenton short-term weather conditions

- Graph plotting showed that spring

decline was systematic (Shanklin)

Critics Argue Models Behind Ozone DepletionTheory are Wrong

Figure 3 -- Ozone seasonal deviations from pre-ozone-hole (1957-1978) averages in the Antarctic.Summary for stations Faraday, Syowa, Halley Bay,South Pole

Source: (WMO Bulletin 1994, Earth systemresearch laboratory)


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- New satellite ozone data and other studies based on actual measurements

confirm that the ozone layer is not homogeneous and flat, and that atmosphericdynamics, not chemistry is the factor that determines the thickness of ozonelayer.

- The 3-D images of the distribution of the gases in the stratosphere showed thatozone is organized in complex dynamic vertical structures that are constantly

changing in a way similar to our weather systems.(Maduro)

Some Argue Ozone Depletion Theory False

Figure 4 -- Measurements ofOzone Layer over Norwayshowed that the thinning process

occurred very similarly from 1940to 1998

Source: Maduro, Rogelio. NewScientific Evidence Proves OzoneDepletion Theory False. Web


7/17

- The cancer scare stories about

increased UV radiation and depletionof ozone are based on increased inUV-B that are miniscule when comparedto the natural variations in UV-B thatare determined by ones altitude anddistance from the Equator

( UV varies 5000 percent fromEquator to Poles)( Maduro).

- There is no evidence of UV-B increaseat the surface of the Earth despite

claims of ozone depletion.- Biological research indicates that

UV-A causes skin cancer not UV-B,and UV-A is not screened by ozone layer.

Skin Cancer is Just a Scare

Figure 5 -- Increased rates of melanoma in Norway and fluctuation in UVThe increase in ultraviolet are far too small for the trippling cancer rates. Introduction of topless swimsuites and sanbasingis blamed for increase.

Source: Maduro, Rogelio. New Scientific Evidence Proves Ozone Depletion Theory False. Web.http://www.mitosyfraudes.org/Ingles/Crista.html#2link . October 23, 2014.
http://www.mitosyfraudes.org/Ingles/Crista.htmlhttp://www.mitosyfraudes.org/Ingles/Crista.html


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Potential solutions for Humans to Protect ourOzone:

When disposing of old Refrigeration or Air Conditioning systems, we need to ensureto properly dispose of them. The best way to dispose of either system is easy, andyou can just take them right over to the local recycling center in your area. Anotherimportant step in disposing of a refrigerator or an AC unit, be sure not the damagethe cooling circuit which contains ODSs ( Ozone Depleting Substances).

If you need to have your AC unit or Refrigerator fixed and have a technician out, besure you recycle the old ODSs so they aren't accidentally released into theatmosphere.

When renovating your home or if potentially thinking of doing so in the near future,make sure the insulation foams which also contain ODSs are disposed of in acontainer labeled, Hazardous Waste .

Source: Ozone Protection


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More Solutions to Protect the Ozone:

Last but not least, and most importantly keep yourself informed! By keepingyourself, your local school, your friends, children & family members informedyou are spreading awareness and initiating change about this issue.

Initiate local action to help spread awareness around the community.

Source:Ozone Protection(U.V).

Picture Source:Modified from: Yahoo Image,Protect the Ozone. October, 2015.https://images.search.yahoo.com
https://images.search.yahoo.com/http://en.wikipedia.org/Ultravioletwiki/http://en.wikipedia.org/Ultravioletwiki/https://images.search.yahoo.com/


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What is a Decision Maker or Stakeholder?Decision Makers?

A decision maker, or stakeholder is someone who would takeinterest in the issue, or want something to change about theissue. A decision maker/stakeholder are the people who can

make change happen.


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Who Holds Stake In Ozone Layer Protection?

The big question is: Who can make the changes to protect ourozone layer?

The United Nations has a big part in protecting the ozonelayer. They created a treaty called The Montreal Protocolwhich was enacted to put limits on substances that candestroy the ozone layer. Every nation that is part of the UNsigned it ( European Commission Climate Action).


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But That Doesnt Solve The Whole Problem...

Many people do not know anything about the ozone layer andthe repercussions that the destruction of it could have.

The reality is that WE ARE ALL STAKEHOLDERS AND DECISIONMAKERS!!

We need to be educated about the ozone layers, and everyoneneeds to make personal choices to prolong the life of the

ozone layer.Without it, there is no safety from the toxicity in space.


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It is very simple to change our lifestyles every minutely to have

a positive effect on our ozone layer. If we all are able tochange a few things about our daily routines, or just make

environmentally friendly decisions, we can help to protect the

ozone layer.


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If We Will Ignore Damage to the Ozone

The Ozone will continue to deplete if humans continue to use andabuse substances that are harmful to the Ozone layer.

Damage to the Ozone not only affects just the ozone but other parts

of the atmosphere as well. Industries and companies who continue to cause damage to theOzone will face consequences that possibly lead to people losing jobs.

Ultraviolet radiation will penetrate deeper through the atmosphere if

the Ozone layer continues to deplete.Source: Pollution Issues.


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More Repercussions of ignoring damage to theOzone

In the long term, if humans continue to ignore the damage beingdone to the ozone it could effect us and our everyday lives in adetrimental way.

The air we breath and sun we enjoy to feel on our skins could be in jeopardy If the ozone is not given the chance to recover.

The Greenhouse effect is at risk of no longer being effective withouta properly functioning ozone.

On a slightly positive note, scientists suggest that if the damagingemissions we put into the ozone are greatly reduced, the ozone couldrecover by 2050.

Source: Pollution Issues.


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The Greenhouse Effect at Risk

With more damage to the Ozone from humans burning more andmore fuels into the atmosphere, the Greenhouse Effect is at risk of nolonger working effectively.

The greenhouse effect is a vital process that the earth relies on to

function correctly and maintain heat at night. With the Ozone layer being damaged from human activities, theOzone may not be able to properly hold in heat which the greenhouseeffect is responsible for.

Source: Pollution Issues.


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Work CitedBritish Antarctic Survey . Natural Environment Research Council. The Ozone Hole. Vol 2.0. 2009. Web

http://www.antarctica.ac.uk/press/journalists/resources/science/the_ozone_hole_2009.pdf

European Comission Climate Action . Ozone Protection: Protection of the Ozone Layer: Questions & Answers,September (2012) . Web : http://ec.europa.eu/clima/policies/ozone/faq_en.htm . October 26,2014

Maduro, Rogelio. New Scientific Evidence Proves Ozone Depletion Theory False. Web.http://www.mitosyfraudes.org/Ingles/Crista.html#2link . October 23, 2014.

Natural Health is our DNA. Skin Cancer Statistics-Number of Cases. Webhttp://www.encognitive.com/node/10530 . October 24, 2014

Pollution Issues. Ozone. Web http://www.pollutionissues.com/Na-Ph/Ozone.html . October 26, 2014

Stratospheric Ozone Monitoring and Recearch in NOOA. Science: Ozone Basics . Last updated on 20 March,2008 by Karin L. Gleason. Web http://www.ozonelayer.noaa.gov/science/basics.htm . October 20,2014

Shanklin, Jonathan. Reflections on the Ozone Hole . Nature. Vol 465. May 6, 2010. EbscoHost October 23, 2014

US Enviromental Protection Agency. Brief Questions and Answers on Ozone Deplition. Web.http://www.epa.gov/ozone/science/q_a.html Last updated on October 19, 2010. October 24, 2014US Department of Commerce, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Earth Systems ResearchLaboratory, Observed Ozone Changes. Webhttp://www.esrl.noaa.gov/gmd/ozwv/dobson/papers/wmobro/observed.html . October 23, 2014

Wikipedia. Ozone Protection(U.V) .Web : http://en.wikipedia.org/Ultravioletwiki/ . October 26 th , 2014.
http://www.antarctica.ac.uk/press/journalists/resources/science/the_ozone_hole_2009.pdfhttp://ec.europa.eu/clima/policies/ozone/faq_en.htmhttp://www.mitosyfraudes.org/Ingles/Crista.htmlhttp://www.encognitive.com/node/10530http://www.pollutionissues.com/Na-Ph/Ozone.htmlhttp://www.ozonelayer.noaa.gov/science/basics.htmhttp://www.epa.gov/ozone/science/q_a.htmlhttp://www.esrl.noaa.gov/gmd/ozwv/dobson/papers/wmobro/observed.htmlhttp://en.wikipedia.org/Ultravioletwiki/http://en.wikipedia.org/Ultravioletwiki/http://en.wikipedia.org/Ultravioletwiki/http://www.esrl.noaa.gov/gmd/ozwv/dobson/papers/wmobro/observed.htmlhttp://www.epa.gov/ozone/science/q_a.htmlhttp://www.ozonelayer.noaa.gov/science/basics.htmhttp://www.pollutionissues.com/Na-Ph/Ozone.htmlhttp://www.pollutionissues.com/Na-Ph/Ozone.htmlhttp://www.pollutionissues.com/Na-Ph/Ozone.htmlhttp://www.encognitive.com/node/10530http://www.mitosyfraudes.org/Ingles/Crista.htmlhttp://ec.europa.eu/clima/policies/ozone/faq_en.htmhttp://ec.europa.eu/clima/policies/ozone/faq_en.htmhttp://www.antarctica.ac.uk/press/journalists/resources/science/the_ozone_hole_2009.pdfhttp://www.antarctica.ac.uk/press/journalists/resources/science/the_ozone_hole_2009.pdf

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