human anatomy & physiology instructor: jeff hargett biology 2121
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Human Anatomy & Physiology
Instructor: Jeff HargettBiology 2121
Important Information Email: [email protected] Background:
Full-Time Experience 28 years (Rome High)
Part-Time Experience 12 years (Floyd College)
Syllabus: On the web at: http://www.floyd.edu/academics/divisions/smpe/biology/jhargett/hargett.htm
Introduction: Anatomy
Study of the structure of living organisms surface anatomy gross anatomy embryology cytology histology
Physiology
Study of the function of body parts cell physiology pathophysiology exercise physiology immunology
Body Systems Integumentary system- external
support and protection of the body Skeletal system - internal support
and flexible framework for body movement
Muscular system - production of body movement and body heat
Respiratory system- gas exchange between environment and blood
Nervous system- controls and regulates all other systems of the body
Circulatory - transport of nutrients to body cells and waste products away from cells
Lymphatic system- body immunity and absorption of fats
Endocrine system- secretion of hormones
Urinary system - blood filtration and waste removal
Digestive system- breakdown and absorption of food
Reproductive system - production of egg and sperm as well as secretion of the sex hormones
Organization of Life
Structural Levels chemical cellular tissue organs organ systems
What is Life?Characteristics of Life
Organization Metabolism
catabolism anabolism
Responsiveness
Movement Growth Differentiatio
n Reproduction Homeostasis
“Homeostasis”
Constancy Within Narrow Limits
Feedback Loops
Negative feedback systems reverses original stimulus helps stabilize situation
Positive feedback systems enhancement of original stimulus
amplify/reinforce change
Anatomical Terminology
Antatomical Position Regional Terms
Axial Appendicular
Body Planes
Sagittal Midsagittal (Median) Parasagittal
Frontal (Coronal) Transverse (Cross Section) Oblique
Body Cavities Dorsal
Cranial Vertebral (Spinal)
Ventral Thoracic
Right & Left PleuralMediastinum (Pericardial)
Abdominopelvic
Abdominopelvic Subdivisions Abdominal Pelvic Quadrants Regions
Epigastric Umbilical Hypogastric Right & Left Hypochondriac Right & Left Lumbar Right & Left Iliac (inguinal)
Directional Terminology
Superior / Inferior Anterior (ventral) / Posterior
(dorsal) Medial / Lateral / Intermediate Proximal / Distal Superficial / Deep
Regional Terms Abdominal - anterior torso below
diaphragm Antebrachium - forearm Antecubital - Depressed area in
front of elbow
Arm - upper extremity between shoulder and elbow
Axillary - armpit Brachial - arm Buccal - mouth Carpal - wrist Cephalic - head Cervical - neck
Costal - ribs Cranial - skull Crural - leg Cubital - elbow Cutaneous - skin Digital - fingers or toes Dorsum or dorsal - back
Epigastric - upper middle area of abdomen
Facial - face Femoral - thigh Frontal - forehead Forearm - upper extremity between
elbow and wrist Gluteal - buttocks
Groin - root of thigh between torso and leg
Inguinal - groin Leg - Lower extremity between
knee and ankle Lumbar - Lower back Mammary - breast
Mastoid - Area of skull below and behind ear
Occipital - Back of lower skull Palmar - Palm of hand Pectoral - chest Pedal - foot Pelvic - lower torso
Perineal - area between anus and genitals
Precordial - chest area over heart Plantar - sole of foot Popliteal - behind knee Supraclavicular - above collar
bone Tarsal - ankle
Temporal - side of skull Thoracic - chest Umbilical - area around umbilicus
(navel) Volar - palm or sole