human anatomy & physiology nov/dec 2015. be able to identify the major anatomical structures...
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Diaphysis The shaft of the bone (#9) Hollow tube Very strong But light enough to allow for easy movementTRANSCRIPT
THE SKELETAL SYSTEMHuman Anatomy & Physiology
Nov/Dec 2015
Goal 2• Be able to identify the major anatomical
structures found in a long bone• Text: p. 132
Structure of the Long Bones of the Body
Diaphysis The shaft of the
bone (#9) Hollow tube Very strong But light enough to
allow for easy movement
Structure of the Long Bones of the Body
Medullary Cavity Hollow area in the
shaft of the long bone
Contains soft yellow bone marrow Soft, inactive, fatty
form of marrow
Structure of the Long Bones of the Body
Epiphysis Ends of the long
bone (#8) Contains spongy
bone (small spaces)
Spaces filled with red bone marrow
Structure of the Long Bones of the Body
Articular Cartilage Thin layer of
cartilage covering each epiphysis
Functions like a small rubber cushion over the ends of the bone where they form a joint
Structure of the Long Bones of the Body
Periosteum Strong fibrous
membrane covering a long bone (except at joint surfaces)
(#6)
Structure of the Long Bones of the Body
Endosteum Fibrous membrane
that lines the medullary cavity
Goal 3 Be able to discuss the microscopic
structure of a bone and cartilage. Text: p. 132-134
Microscopic Structure of Bone and Cartilage
Skeletal system has two types of connective tissue: Bone cartilage
Microscopic Structure of Bone and Cartilage
Bone has different appearance and texture Compact bone
Outer layer Hard and dense
Porous bone Also called “spongy bone” End of long bones Spaces may be filled with
bone marrow Trabeculae – needle-like
threads that surround these spaces
Microscopic Structure of Bone and Cartilage
Osteons In compact bone Contains blood vessel and
surrounded by layers of concentric rings called concentric lamella
Osteocytes – bone cells Lacunae - cells that lie
within the hard layers of the rings
Canaliculi- tiny passageway between lacunae and central (Haversian) canal Allow nutrients from blood to
reach osteocytes
Microscopic Structure of Bone and Cartilage
Cartilage Numerous collagenous
fibers embedded in a gel – allows for flexibility
Chondrocytes – cartilage cells
No blood vessels – heals very slowly if injured
Locations in body: Outer ear End of ribs End of nose
Goal 4 Be able to explain how bones are formed,
how they grow, and how they are remodeled
Text: p. 134-136
Goal 5 Be able to identify the two major
subdivisions of the skeleton and list the bones found in each
Text: p. 136-152
Goal 6 Be able to list and compare the types of
joints in the body and give an example of each
Text: p. 153-158
Goal 7 Be able to name and describe major
disorders of bones and joints Text: p. 158-163