HumanBodyOrientation Bio230CarlaSweet,M.D.

AnatomyisStructure;Form.HowthingsarebuiltWhatisAnatomy?

WhatisPhysiology?

PhysiologyisthestudyofFunction-howthingswork

InthisclasswewillbestudyingANATOMY!!

REMEMBER!!!!

Form(anatomy)determinesFunction(physiology)

THELANGUAGEOFANATOMYisandhastobeveryprecise.Inordertoavoidconfusionandmistakesinprofessionalenvironments,suchashospitalsandhealth-relatedfields;todescribebodypartsanditsexactlocations,anatomistsuseanatomicalterms;- inthestudyofanatomy,descriptionsofanypartofthehumanbodyassume thatthebodyisinthecorrect"ANATOMICALPOSITION”: - thepersonstandserectfacingtheobserver,withtheheadlevel,andtheeyesfacingforward;thefeetareflatontheflooranddirectedforward, andthearmsareatthesideswiththepalmsturnedforward.

Regionalterms- seeyourlabexerciselistfortheonesyouareresponsiblefor!

pedal(foot)

*plantar=soleoffoot

BodyPlanes:a. Sagittal Plane- verticalplanesdividesbodyororganintorightandleftportions.includesmidsagittal (shown)andparasagittal (lateraltomidline)

MRIheadmidsagittal image

BodyPlanes:b. Frontal(Coronal)Plane-averticalplanethatdividesthebodyororganintoananteriorandposteriorsection

MRIheadcoronal(frontal)image

BodyPlanes:c.Transverse(Horizontal)Plane– ahorizontalplanethatdividesthebodyororganintosuperiorandposteriorportions.Alsoreferredtoasacrosssection.

TransverseMRIimageofabdomen

Whatplanesaretheseimagestakenfrom?

c

BodyCavities

SerousMembranesintheVentralBodyCavity

Thewallsoftheventralbodycavityandtheoutersurfaceoftheorgansitcontainsarecoveredbyathindoublelayeredmembrane– theSEROSA.

ThepartofthemembraneliningthecavitywallsiscalledthePARIETALSEROSA

Thepartoftheserosaliningthetheorgan(s)iscalledtheVISCERALSEROSA.

THESPACEBETWEENTHEPARIETALANDVISCERALMEMBRANESISTHE“SEROUSCAVITY”-FILLEDWITHSEROUSFLUID.WHATISTHEFUNCTIONOFSEROUSFLUID?

Theserousmembranesarenamesforthespecificcavityandorganswhichtheycover.

Youareresponsibleforthefollowingserosa.1. parietalpericardium(linesthepericardialcavity):visceralpericardium(linestheheart)2. parietalpleura(linesthepleuralcavity):visceralpleura(linesthelungs)3. parietalperitoneum(linestheabdominalcavity):visceralperitoneum(linestheabdominal

organs)

1. Parietalpericardium:Visceralpericardium(pericardialcavity)

HEART

2.ParietalpleuraVisceralpleura(pleuralcavity)LUNGS

Remember:parietal=outsidevisceral=nexttothe“visceral”organ.

WhatisPericarditis?WhatisPleurisy(Pleuritis)?

Peritoneum-hardtovisualize!First,wewilltakealookatasagittal sectionthroughtheabdomenjusttotherightofthemidlineofthebody.

Theparietalperitoneumiscoloredbrightblueandthevisceralperitoneumiscoloredmagenta.

gpc &lpc refertothegreaterandlesserperitonealcavities.Thiscavityisfilledwithserous(lubricating)fluid.

Wewilllearnmoreabouttheperitoneumwhenwelearnaboutthedigestivesystem.Fornow..trytovisualizethisserousmembraneandhowitformaadoublelayermembranewithanoutside(parietal)layerandaninner(viscerallayer),withtheperitonealcavityin-between.

Whatisperitonitis?