Human Body Orientation

CHAPTER 1

Anatomy & Physiology Structure serves function Examples:

Bone Lung

Multi-tasking systems

Levels of Organization Chemical

Elements Molecules Macromolecules Cells Tissues

Levels of Organization Organs Organ systems

Organism

Positive & Negative Feedback Three elements

Sensor Control center Effectors

Negative feedback loop Stimulus Sensor Control center Example: Temperature Regulation

Positive feedback Not really a loop Feed-forward Example

Blood Clotting. Labor and Delivery

Homeostatic Imbalance Aging

Body control systems become less efficient

Diseases of aging? What systems are affected?

– Basic Biochemistry

CHAPTER 2

Terminology Matter

Mass Weight C,H,O,N make up 96% of body mass.

Building blocks of elements Atoms

protons neutrons electrons

Periodic Table Chemical symbol

Atomic # Mass #

Chemical bond formation Compounds

chemical bond = attractive forces

potential for forming bonds valency

electrons are promiscuous

Types of chemical bonds Ionic

Cation Anion

Covalent Polar Nonpolar

Hydrogen Weakest chemical bond

Figure 2.6 Universal solvent

Rate of chem. Rx. and bond form. Temperature Particle size Concentration Catalysts (enzymes)

Biochemistry Organic Inorganic

Physiological pH = 7.4

pH PCO2 HCO3- 7.45 35 22 7.35 45 26 7.0

Homeostatic Imbalance Acidosis

Metabolic Respiratory

Electrolyte Imbalance Severe heat stress Kidney failure Prolonged Diarrhea

Inorganic molecules Water

Functions Temperature control Solvent Transport Chemical reactions

Inorganic molecules Salts

Functions Make bones Conducts Stimulates Iron

Inorganic molecules Acids Bases

Organic Macromolecules Carbohydrates

Organic Macromolecules Carbohydrates Lipids Proteins

Organic Macromolecules Carbohydrates Lipids Proteins Nucleic Acids ATP

Summary: Inorganic vs. Organic1. Nonliving Living2. Usually no Carbon Carbon central

molecule3. Ionic bonds Covalent bonds4. Smaller molecules Large molecules5. Water, salts, Carbohydrates, lipids , acids, bases proteins, nucleic acids,

adenosine, phosphate