human centered technologies analysis tool victor riley user interaction research and design, inc....
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Human Centered Technologies Analysis Tool
Victor Riley
User Interaction Research and Design, Inc.Point Roberts, WA
June 29, 2005
Project team
• Dr. Tom Raslear, FRA• Stephen Reinach, Foster-Miller• Kurt Bruck, Foster-Miller• Dr. Victor Riley, UIR&D
Background
• Technology and systems becoming more complex
• HF issues coming to the fore– FRA: new rule on processor-based control
systems– FAA: new rule on design-related human error
• Too many problems, not enough regulators with HF expertise
FRA Human Centered Technologies Tool
• FRA wants tool to help Office of Safety personnel evaluate systems and UIs for potential human factors problems
• Current status: beta version
Design related error
• Fitts and Jones (1947):– Substitution errors– Adjustment errors– Forgetting errors– Reversal errors– Unintentional activation errors– Inability to reach a control
Design related error
• Fitts and Jones (1947):– Substitution errors– Adjustment errors– Forgetting errors– Reversal errors– Unintentional activation errors– Inability to reach a control
More specifically:
• Controls:– Violation of cultural expectations– Inconsistencies within the interface– Adjacent controls with conflicting functions– Protections– Hidden functions– Mode errors– Separation– Appropriate placement for importance– Appropriate selection for number and type of functions– Color
More specifically:
• Displays:– Violation of cultural expectations– Inconsistencies within the design– Adjacent displays with conflicting functions– Color (appropriateness, contrast)– Appropriate placement for importance– Control/display relationships
• Feedback• Labels• Function keys
More specifically:
• Automation:– Potential situation awareness gaps due to
combinations of automation
functions
displays
controls
operator
SA parameters
SA parameters
More specifically:
• Automation:– Potential situation awareness gaps due to
combinations of automation
automation functions
displays
controls
operator
SA parameters
SA parameters
More specifically:
• Multiple interfaces:– Compare two systems/interfaces for
inconsistencies (interface and automation)• Interoperability• Mixed-fleet flying• Differences training
System 1
- type
- location
- appearance
- motion
- logic
System 2
- type
- location
- appearance
- motion
- logic
Function
Tool role
• Inform, not replace, regulator decision-making• Plan to make tool available to industry after FRA
acceptance
Tool input
• Upload picture of interface for guide• Designate types and positions of controls and
displays• Define appearance of controls and displays• Define control and display functions• Identify SA parameters associated with
controls and displays• Define automation
Beta version
• Will also be able to analyze some aspects of graphical user interfaces
Final version
• Will also be able to analyze graphical user interfaces and function keys, dual interfaces, automation– conflicting function types assigned to same key on
different screens– same function assigned to different keys on
different screens
Screen Name Page key 1 key 2 key 3 key 4main 2 DDA
representative 5 DDA
failed diagnostics 10
initialization 13 DDA proximity
initialization 15 yes
confirmationcut in/out 21
cut out
go to new screen
go to new screen
go to new screen go to new screen
yes
1 2 3 4 5blank 1 1 1 1 1activate function 0 0 1 1 1go to new screen 1 1 1 1 1back to prior screen 1 0 0 0 0acknowledge 0 0 0 0 1open menu 0 0 0 0 0yes 1 0 1 0 0no 0 0 0 0 1go to home screen 0 0 0 0 0cancel 1 0 0 0 0enter or select 0 1 1 0 0adjust value up 0 0 0 1 1adjust value down 0 0 0 1 0toggle values 0 0 0 0 0scroll up 0 1 0 0 0scroll down 0 0 1 0 0done 0 0 0 0 0
yes/no conflict TRUE FALSE FALSE FALSE TRUE
New rule support
High Level FRA NPRM HF Issues
Proposed Tool Analyses S
itua
tion
Aw
aren
ess
Ove
r-re
lian
ce
Act
ive
Rol
e
Fee
dbac
k
Wor
kloa
d
Pre
dict
abil
ity/
Con
sist
ency
Mem
ory/
Pro
cess
ing
Ant
icip
ate
Err
ors
Errors arising from co-located controls or selection options
x
Inappropriate use of color x Compromised readability due to formatting problems
x x x
Inconsistent representation of same function on different panels or displays
x x x
Inconsistent operation of the same function or interface element
x x x
Errors arising from similar representation of different functions
x x x
Mode errors x x x x Inadequate feedback x x x x x Information gaps due to automation x x x x x x Errors and delays arising from: --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- - different locations for same functions
x x x x
- different terms or labels for same functions
x x x x
- different graphical representations for same functions
x x x x
- different control types for same functions
x x x x
- different functional logic for same functions
x x x x
- different automation levels for the same functions
x x x x x x x
New rule support
Low Level FRA NPRM HF Issues
Proposed Tool Analyses
Dis
play
/Con
trol
Loc
atio
n
Arr
ange
men
t and
Gro
upin
g
Sti
mul
us-R
espo
nse
Com
pati
bili
ty
Pro
tect
Saf
ety
Cri
tica
l Con
trol
s
Dis
play
Erg
onom
ics
Tex
t For
mat
ting
Info
rmat
ion
For
mat
ting
Col
or
War
ning
s
Dat
a E
ntry
Errors arising from co-located controls or selection options
x x x x
Inappropriate use of color x Compromised readability due to formatting problems
x x
Inconsistent representation of same function on different panels or displays
x x x
Inconsistent operation of the same function or interface element
x x
Errors arising from similar representation of different functions
x x x
Mode errors x x Inadequate feedback x x x x x Information gaps due to automation Errors and delays arising from: --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- - different locations for same functions
x x x
- different terms or labels for same functions
x x
- different graphical representations for same functions
x x
- different control types for same functions
x x
- different functional logic for same functions
x x
- different automation levels for the same functions
Schedule
• Alpha test in November of last year• Beta test in July• Final version in 4Q 2005