human ecology vs. cultural ecology
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Human Ecology vs. Cultural Ecology
Ecological anthropologists who view themselves as human ecologists generally see ecology as providing a testable framework for examining both human and nonhuman social behavior within a unified theoretical perspective. Those who view themselves as cultural ecologists, on the other hand, are more likely to reject a strict application of ecological principles to the study of the human condition on the grounds that culture acts as a mediating force which renders human adaptation to the environment analytically distinct from that of all other species. For cultural ecologists, ecology serves more as an orientation for the study of human environmental relations than as an operational set of theoretical principles which can be used to explain specific human social behaviors.
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Ecological Concepts
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Energy Flow in Ecological Systems
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House energy-flow
system
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Energy Flow in the U.S. Food
Production and Distribution
System
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Food Web
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House Temperature
Decreases
Furnace Restores House Temperature
Negative Feedback System
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Neutron BombPositive Feedback System
M.I.R.V.
I.C.B.M.
Hydrogen Bomb
Atomic Bomb
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Energy Subsidy
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Range-Fed vs.
FeedlotBeef
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Energy subsidies in
U.S. Food Production
System
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Energy Drains
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Conditions favoring the evolution oftwo or more distinct adaptive strategies:
(1) Coarse-grained environments
(2) Resources which require distinct physical or behavioral adaptationsfor their effective exploitation
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The Evolution of Ecological Communities