human - nature - controversy · cover of ÒtimeÓ from october 19, 1987 removed due to copyright...
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Human - Nature - ControversySTS.003, Fall 2010
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Undeniable evidence that species change over time -- but what mechanism?
Darwin’s theory bore striking parallels to the economic and political conditions in which he wrote
His theories were quickly applied in economic and political policy
Debates over place of humans in nature
Review:
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From evolution to ecology and environmentalism
Role of humans in global ecosystem
Global warming controversies
Continuing impact of commerce on science
Overview:
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“It is interesting to contemplate an entangled bank, clothed with many plants of many kinds, with birds singing on the
bushes, with various insects flitting about, and with worms crawling through the damp earth, and to reflect that these
elaborately constructed forms, so different from each other, and dependent on each other in so complex a manner, have all
been produced by laws acting around us.”
-- Charles Darwin, Origin of Species, 1859
The Tangled Bank
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Late 19th Century: Industrialization, Pollution, Deforestation, Extinction
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John Muir, Theodore Roosevelt:Conservation, National Parks
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“Two ideas are thus seen to be sufficient to explain the order evolved from this
seeming chaos; the first that of a general community of interests among all the
classes of organic beings here assembled, and the second that of the beneficent power of natural selection
which compels such adjustments of the rates of destruction and of multiplication
of the various species as shall best promote this common interest.”
-- Stephen Forbes, “The Lake as Microcosm,” 1887
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Infographic "Ecosystems of the World" removed due to copyright restrictions.See: Ecosystems of the World.
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DDT, PollutionClean Air and Water ActsEnvironmental Protection
Agency (1970)
Photo of “Silence Spring,” Rachel Carson, removed due to
copyright restrictions.
Photo of Rachel Carson removed due to copyright
restrictions.
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Environment and Disease: Swamps, Miasmas, Malaria
Photo of a swamp removed due to copyright restrictions.
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Spanish-American War and Tropical Medicine:Is the threat the environment or its microbes?
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Mastering the Tropics: Miami in 1926 and Today
Photo of modern day Miami removed due to copyright
restrictions.
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Port-au-Prince Earthquake, 2010: > 200,000 deaths
Photo courtesy of United Nations Development Programme on Flickr.
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Hurricane Katrina, 2005: > 200,000 deaths
Aerial photo of New Orleans after Hurricane Katrina removed
due to copyright restrictions.
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Indian Ocean Tsunami, 2004: > 200,000 deaths
Photo of the 2004 tsunami in the Indian Ocean removed due
to copyright restrictions.
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Natural Disasters?
Photo courtesy of giuser on Flickr.
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SocialDistribution
of Risk
Ground and aerial photos of New Orleans post-Hurricane
Katrina removed due to copyright restrictions.
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Indiana, 8 November 2005
Photos of tornado damaged trailer parks removed due to
copyright restrictions.
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United States, 1979-1994:15,000 Cold-related Deaths
Satellite photo of the Eastern U.S. during the winter removed due to copyright restrictions.
For similar photos from 2011, see: http://www.flickr.com/photos/gsfc/5395476209
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Chicago, July 1995
Maps of temperatures and heat related deaths during the 1995 Heat Wave in Chicago removed
due to copyright restrictions.
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1980s-1990s: Emerging Fear of Cliamte Change
Cover of “Time” from October 19, 1987 removed due to
copyright restrictions.
The cover story is entitled “The Heat Is On.”
Cover of an undated “Time” removed due to copyright
restrictions.
The cover story is entitled “Vanishing Ozone The Danger
Moves Closer to Home.”
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Precedents?Fears of Nuclear
Winter
Photo of a desolate winter scene emoved due to copyright
restrictions.
Artistic rendition of a nuclear explosion removed due to
copyright restrictions.
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Have hurricanes become more frequent and
powerful?Cover of “Divine Wind the
History and Science of Hurricanes,” Kerry Emanuel,
removed due to copyright restrictions.
Photo of Kerry Emanuel removed due to copyright
restrictions.
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Humans and nature? We can alter it profoundly, and yet we remain vulnerable
Can nature change? It seems to, but what is our role in climate change?
Key Points:
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A Future without Fossil Fuels?
Photo of a piece of coal wearing sunglasses captioned “Clean coal. Cool.” emoved due to
copyright restrictions.
Photo courtesy of Morgan Solar on Flickr.
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(Brown and Williamson, 1969)
Cover of “Agnotology the Making and Unmaking of
Ignorance,” Edited by Robert N. Proctor and Londa Schibinger,
removed due to copyright restrictions.
Political cartoon of George W. Bush discounting global
warming while having gas pumped into his ear removed due to copyright restrictions.
Scan of a speech removed due tocopyright restrictions. Brown and Williamson. "Smoking and Health Proposal." (1998).
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MIT OpenCourseWare http://ocw.mit.edu
STS.003 The Rise of Modern Science Fall 2010
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