Human Resources Training Human Resources Training and Individual Developmentand Individual Development

Traditional Training MethodsTraditional Training Methods

Traditional Training MethodsTraditional Training Methods

Presentation Methods

Hands-on Methods

Group Building Methods

Presentation MethodsPresentation Methods

• How is the information transmitted to the trainee with presentation methods??

• What information is transmitted?

• Two presentation methods:–Lectures–Audio-visual techniques

Hands-on MethodsHands-on Methods

• Hands-on methodsHands-on methods refer to training refer to training methods that require the trainee to be methods that require the trainee to be actively involved in learning.actively involved in learning.

• These methods include:These methods include:– On-the-job trainingOn-the-job training– SimulationsSimulations– Case studiesCase studies– Business gamesBusiness games– Role playsRole plays– Behavior modelingBehavior modeling

On-the-Job TrainingOn-the-Job Training

• On-the-job training (OJT)On-the-job training (OJT) refers to new refers to new or inexperienced employees learning or inexperienced employees learning through observing peers or managers through observing peers or managers performing the job and trying to performing the job and trying to imitate their behavior.imitate their behavior.

• OJT includes:OJT includes:– ApprenticeshipsApprenticeships– Self-directed learning programsSelf-directed learning programs

OJT Programs: ApprenticeshipOJT Programs: Apprenticeship

• Work-study training method with both on-Work-study training method with both on-the-job and classroom training.the-job and classroom training.

• To qualify as a registered apprenticeship To qualify as a registered apprenticeship program under state or federal regulations:program under state or federal regulations:– 144 hours of classroom instruction144 hours of classroom instruction– 2000 hours (or one year) of OJT experience2000 hours (or one year) of OJT experience

• Can be sponsored by companies or unions.Can be sponsored by companies or unions.• Most programs involve skilled trades.Most programs involve skilled trades.

SimulationsSimulations

• Represents a real-life situation.Represents a real-life situation.• Trainees’ decisions result in Trainees’ decisions result in

outcomes that mirror what would outcomes that mirror what would happen if on the job.happen if on the job.

• Used to teach:Used to teach:– Production and process skillsProduction and process skills– Management and interpersonal Management and interpersonal

skillsskills

Case StudiesCase Studies

• Description about how employees Description about how employees or an organization dealt with a or an organization dealt with a difficult situation.difficult situation.

• Trainees are required to:Trainees are required to:–Analyze and critique actions takenAnalyze and critique actions taken– Indicate the appropriate actionsIndicate the appropriate actions–Suggest what might have been done Suggest what might have been done

differentlydifferently

Role PlaysRole Plays

• Trainees act out characters assigned to Trainees act out characters assigned to them.them.

• Information regarding the situation is Information regarding the situation is provided to the trainees.provided to the trainees.

• Focus on interpersonal responses.Focus on interpersonal responses.• Outcomes depend on the emotional (and Outcomes depend on the emotional (and

subjective) reactions of the other trainees.subjective) reactions of the other trainees.• The more meaningful the exercise, the The more meaningful the exercise, the

higher the level of participant focus and higher the level of participant focus and intensity.intensity.

Behavior ModelingBehavior Modeling

• Involves presenting trainees with a model Involves presenting trainees with a model who demonstrates key behaviors to replicate.who demonstrates key behaviors to replicate.

• Provides trainees opportunity to practice the Provides trainees opportunity to practice the key behaviors.key behaviors.

• Based on the principles of social learning Based on the principles of social learning theory.theory.

• More appropriate for learning skills and More appropriate for learning skills and behaviors than factual information.behaviors than factual information.

• Effective for teaching interpersonal and Effective for teaching interpersonal and computer skills.computer skills.

Group Building MethodsGroup Building Methods

• Group building methodsGroup building methods refer to refer to training methods designed to training methods designed to improve team or group improve team or group effectiveness.effectiveness.

• Training directed at improving Training directed at improving individual trainees’ skills as well individual trainees’ skills as well as team effectiveness.as team effectiveness.

Group Building MethodsGroup Building Methods

• Involve trainees:Involve trainees:– Sharing ideas and experiencesSharing ideas and experiences– Building group identityBuilding group identity– Understanding interpersonal Understanding interpersonal

dynamicsdynamics– Learning their strengths and Learning their strengths and

weaknesses and of their co-workersweaknesses and of their co-workers

Group Building MethodsGroup Building Methods

• Group techniques focus on Group techniques focus on helping teams increase their skills helping teams increase their skills for effective teamwork.for effective teamwork.

• Group building methods include:Group building methods include:– Adventure learningAdventure learning– Team trainingTeam training– Action learningAction learning

Group Building Methods:Group Building Methods:Adventure LearningAdventure Learning

• Focuses on the development of teamwork Focuses on the development of teamwork and leadership skills using structured and leadership skills using structured outdoor activities.outdoor activities.

• Also known as wilderness training and Also known as wilderness training and outdoor training.outdoor training.

• Best suited for developing skills related to Best suited for developing skills related to group effectiveness such as:group effectiveness such as:– Self-awarenessSelf-awareness– Problem solvingProblem solving– Conflict managementConflict management– Risk takingRisk taking

Group Building Methods:Group Building Methods:Team TrainingTeam Training

• Involves coordinating the Involves coordinating the performance of individuals who work performance of individuals who work together to achieve a common goal.together to achieve a common goal.

• Teams that are effectively trained Teams that are effectively trained develop procedures to identify and develop procedures to identify and resolve errors, coordinate information resolve errors, coordinate information gathering, and reinforce each other.gathering, and reinforce each other.

Group Building Methods: Group Building Methods: Action LearningAction Learning

• Involves giving teams or work groups:Involves giving teams or work groups:– an actual problem,an actual problem,

– having them work on solving it,having them work on solving it,

– committing to an action plan, andcommitting to an action plan, and

– holding them accountable for carrying holding them accountable for carrying out the plan.out the plan.

Choosing a Training MethodChoosing a Training Method

1.1. Identify the type of learning outcome that Identify the type of learning outcome that you want training to influence.you want training to influence.

2.2. Consider the extent to which the learning Consider the extent to which the learning method facilitates learning and transfer of method facilitates learning and transfer of training.training.

3.3. Evaluate the costs related to development Evaluate the costs related to development and use of the method.and use of the method.

4.4. Consider the effectiveness of the training Consider the effectiveness of the training method.method.

WednesdayWednesday

• Creative training and Creative training and presentation techniquespresentation techniques

• Exam review sheetExam review sheet