human settlements sector plan...

FRANCES BAARD DISTRICT MUNICIPALITY

HUMAN SETTLEMENTS SECTOR PLAN 2017/18

Compiled by: QKG Consulting

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Municipal Human Settlements Sector Plan (MHSP):

Status of Document: Approved

Document Control

Version No Date Revision Made

5

March 2017

09 03 2017

Plan Approval

Responsibility Council Resolution Date

FBDM Council

SOC 01 04/2017

19 April 2017

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

LIST OF ACRONYMS ................................................................................................................. 7

INTRODUCTION ........................................................................................................................ 9

1.1 THE PRIMARY AIM OF DEVELOPING THE HUMAN SETTLEMENT PLAN .............................. 9

1.2 THE PURPOSE OF DEVELOPING HUMAN SETTLEMENT PLAN ......................................... 10

1.3 METHODOLOGY .............................................................................................................. 10

1.4 FRANCES BAARD DISTRICT MUNICIPALITY OVERVIEW ................................................... 12

LEGISLATIVE CONTEXT ........................................................................................................... 15

2.1 THE CONSTITUTION OF THE REPUBLIC OF SOUTH AFRICA ACT 108 OF 1996 ................ 15

2.2 THE HOUSING ACT 107 OF 1997 ..................................................................................... 15

2.3 THE NEW HUMAN SETTLEMENT PLAN (BREAKING NEW GROUNDS, 2005) .................... 16

2.4 THE NATIONAL DEVELOPMENT PLAN (VISION 2030) ...................................................... 17

2.5 THE LOCAL GOVERNMENT MUNICIPAL SYSTEMS ACT 32 OF 2000 .............................. 17

2.6 THE INTER GOVERNMENTAL RELATIONS FRAMEWORK ACT 13 OF 2005....................... 18

2.7 OTHER RELEVANT KEY LEGISLATION; POLICIES; AND PLANS ......................................... 18

3. SITUATIONAL ANALYSIS ..................................................................................................... 19

3.1 POPULATION ................................................................................................................... 19

3.2 AGE STRUCTURE ............................................................................................................... 21

3.3 DEPENDANCY RATIO....................................................................................................... 26

3.4 MALE PER 100 FEMALE ................................................................................................... 27

3.5 EDUCATION ..................................................................................................................... 28

3.6 HOUSEHOLD DYNAMICS ................................................................................................ 29

3.7 HOUSEHOLD SERVICES .................................................................................................... 35

3.8 POVERTY .......................................................................................................................... 40

3.9 UNEMPLOYMENT PROFILE .............................................................................................. 42

3.10 HOUSING DEMAND ....................................................................................................... 43

3.11 GAP HOUSING .............................................................................................................. 43

3.12 RENTAL HOUSING DEMAND .......................................................................................... 44

3.13 TOTAL DEMAND ............................................................................................................ 45

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3.14 SUPPLY OPTIONS ............................................................................................................ 45

3.15 OTHER STAKEHOLDERS .................................................................................................. 49

3.16 ANALYSIS OF THE SPATIAL CONTEXT ............................................................................ 51

4. STRATEGY ........................................................................................................................... 62

4.1 PROPOSED HUMAN SETTLEMENT STRATEGIES ............................................................... 62

4.2 FRANCES BAARD DISTRICT HUMAN SETTLEMENT STRATEGIES ....................................... 63

5. PROJECTS ........................................................................................................................... 67

5.1 PROJECT LINKED TO IDP AND SDF ................................................................................. 67

5.2 PROJECT PIPELINE .......................................................................................................... 67

5.3 LIST OF APPROVED HUMAN SETTLEMENTS PROJECTS .................................................... 67

5.4 LIST OFMUNICIPAL HUMAN SETTLEMENTS PROJECTS ..................................................... 68

5.5 PROJECT FINANCE ......................................................................................................... 70

5.6 BLOCKED PROJECTS ....................................................................................................... 71

6. INTEGRATION ..................................................................................................................... 73

6.1 COMPREHENSIVE PLAN FOR SUSTAINABLE HUMAN SETTLEMENTS (BNG) (2004) ........ 73

6.2 OUTCOME 8: MEDIUM TERM STRATEGIC FRAMEWORK 2014-2019 .............................. 73

6.3 LINKAGE, INTEGRATION AND COMPLIANCE TO THE PLANS AND PROGRAMMES ..... 74

7. INSTITUTIONAL ARRANGEMENTS ....................................................................................... 77

8. PERFORMANCE MANAGEMENT ........................................................................................ 83

9. APPROVAL ......................................................................................................................... 84

10. CONCLUDING REMARKS ................................................................................................. 85

11. BIBLIOGRAPHY ................................................................................................................. 86

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LIST OF FIGURES

FIGURE 1: POPULATION SIZE .................................................................................................. 20

FIGURE 2: AGE GROUP UNDER 15 ........................................................................................ 21

FIGURE 3: AGE GROUP 15 - 19 .............................................................................................. 22

FIGURE 4: AGE GROUP 20 - 34 .............................................................................................. 22

FIGURE 5 AGE GROUP 35 - 39 .............................................................................................. 23

FIGURE 6 AGE GROUP 40 - 64 .............................................................................................. 24

FIGURE 7 AGE GROUP 65 & OLDER ...................................................................................... 24

FIGURE 8 DEPENDANCY RATIO ............................................................................................. 26

FIGURE 9 MALE PER 100 FEMALE ......................................................................................... 26

FIGURE 10 EDUCATION STATUS ............................................................................................ 28

FIGURE 11 HOUSEHOLDS ...................................................................................................... 28

FIGURE 12 HOUSEHOLD SIZE ................................................................................................. 29

FIGURE 13 FEMALE HEADED HOUSEHOLDS ......................................................................... 30

FIGURE 14 TYPES OF DWELLINGS - FORMAL ......................................................................... 31

FIGURE 15 TYPES OF DWELLINGS - INFORMAL ..................................................................... 32

FIGURE 16 TENURE STATUS ..................................................................................................... 33

FIGURE 17 FLUSH TOILETS ....................................................................................................... 35

FIGURE 18 REFUSE REMOVAL ................................................................................................ 36

FIGURE 19 TYPE OF REFUSE REMOVAL .................................................................................. 37

FIGURE 20 ACCESS TO WATER .............................................................................................. 38

FIGURE 21 ACCESS TO ELECTRICITY..................................................................................... 39

FIGURE 22 POVERTY STATUS ................................................................................................. 40

FIGURE 23 UNEMPLOYMENT .................................................................................................. 41

FIGURE 24 GAP HOUSING ..................................................................................................... 43

FIGURE 25 DISTRICT AND MUNICIPAL BOUNDARIES AND LOCALITY ................................. 51

FIGURE 26 SETTLEMENT PATTERNS ........................................................................................ 51

FIGURE 27 SOCIAL FACILITIES ............................................................................................... 54

FIGURE 28 LOCALITY EDUCATIONAL FACILITIES ................................................................... 54

FIGURE 29 LOCALITY OF POLICE STATIONS ......................................................................... 55

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FIGURE 30 CEMETERIES .......................................................................................................... 55

FIGURE 31 PROVINCIAL SPATIAL DEVELOPMENT FRAMEWORK (PSDF) ............................. 60

FIGURE 32 FBDM HOUSING STRUCTURE ................................................................................ 77

LIST OF TABLES

TABLE 1: POPULATION SIZE .................................................................................................... 18

TABLE 2.1 MALE/FEMALE AGE STRUCTURE ........................................................................... 20

TABLE 2.2 PERCENTAGE MALE/FEMALE AGE STRUCTURE .................................................... 21

TABLE 3 AGE GROUP 20 - 34 ................................................................................................. 23

TABLE 4 AGE OF HOUSEHOLDS ............................................................................................ 25

TABLE 5 EDUCATION STATUS ................................................................................................ 27

TABLE 6 HOUSING TYPOLOGIES ............................................................................................ 30

TABLE 7 TENURE STAUS ........................................................................................................... 33

TABLE 8 HOUSEHOLD SERVICES ........................................................................................... 34

TABLE 9 TYPES OF REFUSE REMOVAL ................................................................................... 36

TABLE 10 POPULATION WITH ACCESS TO WATER ............................................................... 37

TABLE 11 ACCESS TO WATER ................................................................................................ 38

TABLE 12 POVERTY ................................................................................................................ 40

TABLE 13 UNEMPLOYMENT PROFILE ...................................................................................... 41

TABLE 14 RENTAL HOUSING DEMAND IN THE DISTRICT ........................................................ 43

TABLE 15 TOTAL DEMAND ..................................................................................................... 44

TABLE 16 FOCUS AREA .......................................................................................................... 57

TABLE 17 POTENTIAFOR SEZS ................................................................................................. 59

TABLE 18 DEVELOPMENT CORRIDORS.................................................................................. 59

TABLE 19 KEY AGRICULTURAL DEVELOPMENT AREAS IN THE NORTHERN CAPE ................ 59

TABLE 20 OBJECTIVES OF THE HUMAN SETTLMENTS PLAN .................................................. 61

TABLE 21 STRATEGIES ............................................................................................................ 62

TABLE 22 FRANCES BAARD DISTRICT OBJECTIVES................................................................ 65

TABLE 23 LIST OF APPROVED HOUSING PROJECTS .............................................................. 67

TABLE 24 MAGARENG LIST OF HOUSING PROJECTS .......................................................... 68

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TABLE 25 DIKGATLONG LIST OF HOUSING PROJECTS ......................................................... 68

TABLE 26 PHOKWANE LIST OF HOUSING PROJECTS ............................................................ 68

TABLE 27 POTENTIAL RISKS ..................................................................................................... 71

TABLE 28 MUNICIPAL SECTOR PLAN RELEVANCE TO HUMAN SETTLEMENTS PLAN AND THEIR

EFFECT ON HOUSING ............................................................................................................ 74

TABLE 29 INTERGRATION ....................................................................................................... 74

LIST OF ANNEXURES

ANNEXURE 1 - HOUSING TYPOLOGIES

ANNEXURE 2 - HDA PROJECT PIPELINE

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LIST OF ACRONYMS

Acronyms Description

BNG Breaking New Ground

COGHSTA Department of Cooperative Governance, Human Settlements and

Traditional Affairs

DHS National Department of Human Settlements

CBO Community Based Organisation

DBS Discount Benefit Scheme

EHP Emergency Housing Programme

EPWP Expanded Public Works Programme

FLISP Finance Linked Individual Subsidy Programme IDP

FB Frances Baard

HDA Housing Development Agency

HSS Human Settlements Strategy

HSP Human Settlements Sector Plan

IDP Integrated Development Plan

IGR Intergovernmental Relations

IRDP Integrated Residential Development Plan

LM Local Municipality

MDG Millennium Development Goals

MFMA Municipal Finance Management Act

MIG Municipal Infrastructure Grant

NC Northern Cape Province

NDP National Development Plan

NGO Non-Governmental Organisation

NHBRC National Homebuilders Registration Council

PHP People’s Housing Process

SDBIP Service Delivery and Budget Implementation Plan

SDF Spatial Development Framework

Stats SA Statistics South Africa

TRA Temporary Resettlement Areas

UISP Upgrading Of Informal Settlements Programme

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Acronyms Description

FBDM Frances Baard District Municipality

SPLM Sol Plaatje Local Municipality

PLM Phokwane Local Municipality

DLM Dikgatlong Local Municipality

MLM Magareng Local Municipality

WSDP Water Services Development Plans

MHSP Municipal Housing Sector Plan

SEZ Special Economic Zone

ASGISA Accelerated Shared Growth Initiative of South Africa

CRU Community Residential Units

CLaRA Communal Land Rights Act

DBSA Development Bank of South Africa

DORA Division of Revenue Act

DPLG Department of Provincial and Local Government

IEP Integrated Environmental Programme

MEC Member of Executive Committee

MSA Municipal System Act

MSA Municipal Structures Act

MTEF Medium Term Expenditure Framework

DHS National Department of Human Settlements

NSDP National Spatial Development Perspective

HSS Housing Subsidy System

PDHS Provincial Department of Human Settlements

PGDS Provincial Growth and Development Strategy

PLRO Provincial Land Reform Office

SMME Small, Medium and Micro Enterprise

SHS Sustainable Human Settlements

UDZ Urban Development Zones

UNDP United Nations Development Programme

NHNR National Housing Needs Register

NUSP National Upgrading Support Programme

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INTRODUCTION

In terms of Section 9(1) of the National Housing Act 107 0f 1997, every municipality must as part of

the municipality’s process of Integrated Development Planning (IDP) take all reasonable and

necessary steps to ensure that the inhabitants within its area of jurisdiction have access to

adequate housing on a progressive basis by setting housing delivery goals, identifying suitable

land for human settlements development and planning, facilitating, initiating and coordinating

human settlements development in its area of jurisdiction.

The IDP planning process compel the Municipalities to compile sector plans for various

development sectors. Also as part of IDPs, the Housing Act 107 of 1997 stipulates that municipalities

should compile housing strategies and targets. The plan will serve as a guiding framework for the

strategic engagement of the municipality in housing development. The need for Human

Settlements Plans arises from a concern that, in most municipalities, the Integrated Development

Planning (IDP) process inadequately address issues related to the provision of housing.

1.1 THE PRIMARY AIM OF DEVELOPING THE HUMAN SETTLEMENT PLAN

The primary aim of developing the Human Settlement Plan, is to enable the municipality to adhere

to the following key factors when out-rolling the human settlement development; which are:

Human Settlements should be provided closer to employment opportunities;

Human Settlements development should provide wider choice with regard to type of

house, materials, tenure;

Human Settlements development should take measures not to harm the environment;

Housing should be prioritized to the poorest of the poor;

The special housing needs of the disabled and HIV/AIDS victims should be addressed;

Houses should be designed in a manner that accommodates future extensions;

Promote higher density in respect of human settlements development to ensure the

economical utilization of land and services;

Human Settlements development should be based on integrated development

planning;

Promote racial, social, economic and physical integration in urban and rural areas;

Human Settlements development should be administered in a transparent,

accountable and equitable manner and uphold the practice of good governance;

Promote education and consumer protection in respect of human settlements

development;

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Promote the establishment of socially and economically viable communities and safe

and healthy conditions to ensure the elimination of slums;

Facilitate the active involvement of all relevant stakeholders in housing development,

and

Provide community and recreational facilities in residential areas

1.2 THE PURPOSE OF DEVELOPING HUMAN SETTLEMENT PLAN

The main purpose of a Human Settlements Sector Plan is as follows:

To ensure the effective allocation of limited resources;

To provide a formal and practical method of prioritizing human settlements projects and

obtaining political consensus for the sequencing of the implementation;

To ensure more integrated development through bringing together the relevant cross

sectoral role players to coordinate their development interventions in one plan;

To provide greater spatial linkages between the spatial development framework and the

physical implementation of projects on the ground;

To ensure effective subsidy budgeting and cash flows both at the municipal and provincial

levels.

1.3 METHODOLOGY

1.3.1 Guiding Principles

The Housing Sector Plan Development was informed by the following guiding principles:

Principle Description

Simplicity The system will need to be kept as simple as possible to ensure that

the municipality can develop, implement, manage and review

the system without placing an unnecessary great burden on the

existing capacity of the municipality.

Politically acceptable and

administratively managed

The system must be acceptable to political role players at all levels.

Flexibility It must be sufficiently flexible to allow for adjustment due to

changes in the environment.

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Principle Description

Implementable The Human Settlement Sector Plan should be implementable with

the resources (which will include time, institutional, financial and

technical resources) immediately available and accessible to the

municipality.

Transparency &

Accountability

The Human Settlement Sector Plan process should be inclusive,

transparent and open. The general public should be made aware

of the process.

Public Participation The general public and other service providers should be given an

opportunity to participate and inform the process.

Integration The Human Settlement Sector Plan should promote integrated

development process.

1.3.2 Methodology

The standard planning process phases’ as per the integrated development planning guide are

as follows:

Analysis

Strategy

Projects

Project Preparation & Initiation

Status Quo Analysis Strategic Planning

Framework

Comprehensive Close Out

Report

Consolidation of Human

Settlement Sector Plan

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2 3

4 5

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Integration

Approval

The above-mentioned phases were covered in the proposed phases developed by QKG

Consulting. The Analysis Phase was covered under the Status Quo Analysis. The Strategy &

Projects Phases were covered under the Strategic Planning Framework Phase. The Integration

Phase was covered under Consolidation Phase. Lastly Approval Phase covered under Project

Close Out Phase. Thus means the approach proposed by QKG Consulting was in line with the

standardised planning methods.

1.4 FRANCES BAARD DISTRICT MUNICIPALITY OVERVIEW

1.4.1 Vision Statement

The Northern Cape Province of South Africa is divided into five districts, of which the Frances Baard

District is one of the five districts with its main city Kimberley, which is also the capitol of the

Province. The Frances Baard district is the smallest district in the Northern Cape Province and

covers an area of 13,518 sq km, which accounts for 3.4% of the total area of the province. The

District Municipality includes the Dikgatlong, Magareng, Phokwane and Sol Plaatje municipalities

(Frances Baard District Municipality Web Portal). According to the IDP (2012-2017), the district

accommodates the largest proportion of the population in the province, giving it the largest

population density.

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1.4.2 Vision Statement

“To be a municipality with a clear development focus to improve the quality of life of all

communities in the district.”

1.4.3 Mission Statement

The mission statement of the municipality reads as follows:

To promote the quality of services and thereby improving the standard of living of all its

communities by:

Promoting social and economic development.

Promoting the provision of sustainable, affordable and optimal quality of service.

Utilizing all available resources economically, efficiently and effectively.

Effective community participation of all stakeholders.

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2. LEGISLATIVE CONTEXT

2.1 THE CONSTITUTION OF THE REPUBLIC OF SOUTH AFRICA ACT 108 OF 1996

Section 26 (2) of the Constitution, Act 108 of 1996 confers the right to housing and prescribes that

the state must take reasonable legislative and other measures within its available resources to

achieve the progressive realization of this right. The Housing Act No. 107 of 1997 was enacted to

provide a legislative framework to effect the right to housing. An examination of schedule B of the

constitution highlights the limited role of municipalities in housing development. Beyond land and

beneficiary identification, the role of the Municipality is that of constructive coordination of

housing development within its area of jurisdiction. The core powers of implementation can be

assigned to the municipality by the provincial government through assignment and delegation of

powers.

Whilst housing is a concurrent legislative competence of national and provincial government in

terms of Schedule 4, Part A of the Constitution (1996), the pivotal role of the local sphere in ensuring

horizontal and vertical integration of human settlement delivery is acknowledged in housing-

related legislation and policy. The intention is to locate all national housing instruments at

municipal level. As a result, the national accreditation and assignment framework sets out the

Constitutional and legislative mechanisms for the decentralization of the administration of national

housing programmes.

Municipalities are required to take the lead role in negotiating the location of housing supply to

facilitate spatial restructuring; facilitate a match between demand and supply of different state-

assisted housing typologies; and, ensure alignment of housing delivery, spatial planning,

infrastructure investment, land-use planning and management, transportation systems and social

services provision. Municipalities are accredited or assigned responsibilities by provinces for the

administration of national housing programmes in order to facilitate such integrated planning and

delivery.

2.2 THE HOUSING ACT 107 OF 1997

The Housing Act of 1997 (Act 107 of 1997), states that, municipalities must develop appropriate

strategies to facilitate housing development within their jurisdiction. The Housing Act, 1997 (Act

No. 107 of 1997) (“the Housing Act”) which states in Section 9 (1) (f) that “Every municipality must,

as part of the municipality’s process of integrated development planning (IDP), take all

reasonable and necessary steps within the framework of national and provincial housing

legislation and policy to initiate, plan, co-ordinate, facilitate, promote and enable appropriate

housing development in its area of jurisdiction”.

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2.3 THE NEW HUMAN SETTLEMENT PLAN (BREAKING NEW GROUNDS, 2005)

The New Human Settlement Plan (Breaking New Ground, 2005) moves the focus of government

to develop sustainable human settlements, to contribute towards the alleviation of poverty

through housing. Breaking New Ground provides the following guidelines:

1. Residents should live in a safe and secure environment, and have adequate access to

economic opportunities, a mix of safe and secure housing, and tenure types, reliable

and affordable basic services, educational, entertainment and cultural activities, and

health, welfare and police services.

2. Ensure the development of compact, mixed land use, diverse, life-enhancing

environments with maximum possibilities for pedestrian movement and transit via safe

and efficient public transport in cases where motorised means of movement is

imperative.

3. Ensure that low-income housing is provided in close proximity to areas of opportunity.

4. Integrate previously excluded groups into the city, and the benefits it offers, and to

ensure the development of more integrated, functional and environmentally sustainable

human settlements, towns and cities. The latter includes densification.

5. Encourage Social (Medium-Density) Housing – Social Housing is generally medium-

density, and this housing intervention may make a strong contribution to urban renewal

and integration.

6. There is a need to move away from a housing-only approach to a more holistic

development of human settlements, including the provision of social and economic

infrastructure.

7. Multi-purpose cluster concept will be applied to incorporate the provision of primary

municipal facilities, such as parks, playgrounds, sports fields, crèches, community halls,

taxi ranks, satellite police stations, municipal clinics, and informal trading facilities.

8. More appropriate settlement designs and housing products, and more acceptable

housing quality.

9. Enhancing settlement design by including design professionals at planning and project

design stages, and developing design guidelines.

10. There is a need to focus on changing the face of the stereotypical RDP houses, and

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settlements, through the promotion of alternative technology and design.

The New Human Settlement Plan (Breaking New Ground, 2005) clearly articulates the intention of

government to develop sustainable human settlements, to contribute towards the alleviation of

asset poverty through housing. It concludes that asset poverty is a result of inadequate access to

assets by individuals, households and communities including inadequate shelter (which manifests

in badly located low cost and overcrowded dwellings), the inadequate provision of appropriate

infrastructure and the inadequate provision of basic services such as health, safety, emergency

services and education facilities amongst others. Post 1994 housing development has been urban

biased. New policy highlights the need to address this through a stronger focus on rural housing

instruments. Further more rural housing interventions provide government with an opportunity to

facilitate the installation of infrastructure in rural areas (Breaking New Ground 2005)

2.4 THE NATIONAL DEVELOPMENT PLAN (VISION 2030)

The National Development Plan (NDP) Vision 2030 offers a long‐term perspective. It defines a

desired destination and identifies the role different sectors of society need to play in reaching that

goal. It aims to eliminate poverty and reduce inequality by 2030.

Chapter 9 of the NDP highlights problems around human settlement planning and the provision

of infrastructure that supports these settlements. It proposes that the responsibility for housing

should shift to the level at which planning is executed mainly at the municipal level.

It recognises the challenges that local government faces including poor capacity, weak

administration systems, and undue political interference in technical and administrative decision‐

making and uneven fiscal capacity. It calls for the asymmetric allocation of powers and functions

and for more diversity in how development priorities are implemented.

2.5 THE LOCAL GOVERNMENT MUNICIPAL SYSTEMS ACT 32 OF 2000

In terms of Section 25 and 26 which compels all municipalities to develop Integrated Development

Plans (IDP) that are primary investment tools for all municipalities. With their respective sector plans

they are subject to annual reviews. Through the IDP Municipalities are mandated to participate in

all development planning activities that take place within their jurisdiction and ensure that they

are aligned and informed by the overall government strategic thrust. The functions and powers of

Municipalities are further described in chapter 5 of the Local Government Municipal Structures

Act no. 11 of 1 as amended. The relevant sections are sections 83 to 89. These plans are single, all

inclusive, strategic plans.

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2.6 THE INTER GOVERNMENTAL RELATIONS FRAMEWORK ACT 13 OF 2005

The Intergovernmental Relations Framework Act, 2005 (Act 13 of 2005 – ‘the IGR Act’) establishes

a framework for the national government, provincial governments and local governments to

promote and facilitate intergovernmental relations, and to provide for mechanisms and

procedures to facilitate the settlement of intergovernmental disputes.

Chapter 3 of the Intergovernmental Relations Act provides for organs of state to enter into an

implementation protocol as an Agreement where the implementation of a policy, the exercise of

a statutory power, the performance of a statutory function or the provision of a service depends

on the participation of organs of state in different spheres of government.

An effective system of intergovernmental relations and cooperative government is predicated on

appropriate and effective institutions. These institutions are responsible for the development of

appropriate systems and processes as well as initiating and overseeing joint work and projects.

2.7 OTHER RELEVANT KEY LEGISLATION; POLICIES; AND PLANS

The Spatial Planning and Land Use Management Act (Act 16 of 2013);

The National Housing Code (2009);

Prevention of Illegal Eviction from and Unlawful Occupation of Land Act (Act 19 of 1998);

Extension of Security of Tenure Act (Act 62 of 1997);

Communal Land Rights Act (CLARA - Act 11 of 2004);

The Municipal Systems Act, Act 32 of 2000;

Municipal Structures Act, Act 117 of 1998;

Intergovernmental Relations Act of 2006;

The Spatial Planning and Land Use Management Act (16 of 2013);

Public Finance Management Act (1 of 1999); and

Municipal Finance Management Act (56 of 2003)

Comprehensive Plan for Sustainable Human Settlements: Breaking New Ground (2005);

Outcome 8: Medium Term Draft Strategic Framework 2014-2019;

Northern Cape Provincial Growth and Development Strategy 2011;

Northern Cape Provincial Spatial Development Framework 2012

Northern Cape Human Settlement Strategy 2015 (HDA)

Guidelines for Human Settlement Planning and Design; and

NHBRC Technical Standards contained in Government Gazette R1406

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3. SITUATIONAL ANALYSIS

The rationale behind conducting situational analysis is aimed at ascertaining the demographic

profile of the local municipalities which will therefore reflect the holistic picture of the entire district

in regards to the demographics. This information will serve as the guiding framework in determining

the housing demand for each municipality and consolidated demand for the entire Frances

Baard District Municipality. The following variables are analysed:

population and household profile;

age profile;

employment profile;

household income and expenditure profile;

tenure status

economic profile; and

access to services.

The approach that was used during situational analysis, stem from the comparison of Statistics

South Africa Census 2011 Report and Statistics South Africa Community Survey 2016 Report. The

selected variables were compared; and future projection determination was made hence the

Human Settlements Sector Plan is developed for the next 5 year period (2017/18 – 2021/22).

3.1. POPULATION

Table1 Population Size

Municipality

2016 2011 Increase

/Decline

Increase

/Decline

2011 - 2016

% Increase

/Decline PA

2021

(Projected)

Sol Plaatjie 255 351 248 037 7 314 1,03 0,21 262 881

Dikgatlong 48 164 46 839 1 325 1,03 0,21 49 526

Magareng 24 059 24 207 -148 0,99 0,20 23 912

Phokwane 60 168 63 000 -2 832 0,96 0,19 57 463

District Total 387 742 382 083 5 659 1,01 0,20 393 782 Source: Calculations based on Stats SA: Census 2011, Community Survey 2016

The Table 1 above, indicates population dynamics in the four local municipalities for the period

2011 to 2016. The results demonstrate a decline in population over a five-year period in the

Phokwane and Magareng municipalities. Phokwane shows an average decline of -0.96%, thus an

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absolute figure of 2,832 people, over the five-year period. Magareng has a drop of -0.99%,

absolute figure of 148 people.

These could be attributed to factors such as migration to other provinces, other municipalities or

other districts in the province or mortality rates. These could also be attributed to better

understanding of birth control techniques. The, Dikgatlong and Sol Plaatje municipalities has an

increase in the annual growth for the period year 2011 to 2016, with both having an increase of

1.03%. These municipalities have some pull factors such as job opportunities, infrastructure and

services hence an increase in population. Figure 1 below graphically represents the population

dynamics over the five year period.

Taking the above factors into consideration it is evident that the population in the district has

remained relatively stagnant (382 086 people in 2011 and 388 051 people in 2016), an increase of

1.01% and it could be expected to remain this way, if there is no significant economic

development in the area. Having been a primarily mining area and with the decrease in mining

activities, the population numbers could even decrease.

The decline of the population growth in Magareng and Phokwane will also result into a decline in

relation with the housing demand within these respective local municipalities. The projections for

the next five year period (2017 – 2021), the municipalities that experienced the decline during

2011 – 2016 period will not have significant changes as there are no new prospects of economic

development initiatives planned in these respective local municipalities.

The growth rate for the period 2007 – 2011 was 1.6% and this has now reduced to 1% for the period

2011 – 2016. Should the current growth rate of 1% continue the population for the district will

increase to 393,782 by 2021. This is an actual number of 5,731 people.

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Figure 1: Population size

Source: Calculations based on Stats SA: Census 2011, Community Survey 2016

3.2. AGE STRUCTURE

As indicated in Table 2.1 below, the number of females for each age group is substantially more

than those of males in the district, except for the 35 – 64-year age group where the number of

males outweigh the females.

Table 2.1 Male/Female Age Structure

Municipality

Male Female

Total

0–14

(Children

15–34

(Youth)

35–64

(Adults)

65+

(Elderly)

0–14

(Children

15–34

(Youth)

35–64

(Adults)

65+

(Elderly)

Sol Plaatjie 31 816 40 796 41 452 13 701 37 329 44 156 31 365 14 737 255 351

Dikgatlong 6 913 7 509 7 304 2 895 7 810 7 715 5 646 2 373 48 164

Magareng 3 325 3 698 3 746 1 501 3 779 3 936 2 459 1 615 24 059

Phokwane 8 235 9 093 9 178 3 223 10 618 9 438 6 563 3 821 60 168

District Total 50 288 61 095 61 681 21 320 59 535 65 244 46 032 22 545 387 741 Source: Calculations based on Stats SA: Community Survey 2016

Taking the above information into consideration, the percentage of males to females for each

category of age group, per municipality, can be developed. See table 2.2 below. The table

depicts that the number of males to females per age category, in the four municipalities, is

relatively the same.

-50000

0

50000

100000

150000

200000

250000

300000

350000

400000

PhokwaneDikgatlong

MagarengSol Plaatjie

Frances

Baard

District

63000 46841

24204

248041

382086

6016848473

24059

255351

388051

Population Size

2011 Population 2016

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Table 2.2 Percentage Male to Female per Age Structure per Municipality

Municipality

Male % Male

Population

Female % Female

Population

Total

Sol Plaatjie 127 765 0,50 127 587 0,50 255 352

Dikgatlong 24 621 0,51 23 544 0,49 48 165

Magareng 12 270 0,51 11 789 0,49 24 059

Phokwane 29 729 0,49 30 440 0,51 60 169

District Total 194 385 193 360 387 745

Source: Calculations based on Stats SA: Community Survey 2016

Figure 2 – 6 indicates the increase or decrease in population amongst the various age groupings.

The percentages represented by the graphs is in relation to the overall population of the

respective municipalities.

Figure 2 below indicates that there has been a drop in the age group of under 15 year olds age

structure from 2011 to 2016 across the four municipalities. Phokwane and Magareng has had an

overall decrease of 7% (1523 and 501 respectively), followed by Sol Plaatje with 2% (1053) and

Dikgatlong with 1% (103).

Figure 2 Age Group Under 15 Year Olds per Municipality


Dikgatlong Magareng Phokwane Sol Plaatjie

00-04 10.14 10.17 11.50 9.55

05-09 10.99 10.09 10.30 8.94

10-14 9.44 9.26 9.53 8.59

0.00

2.00

4.00

6.00

8.00

10.00

12.00

14.00

Age Group under 15

22

Figure 3 below indicates that there has been a drop in the age 15 group 15 – 19 year olds.

Phokwane has a decrease of 21.19% (1300) and Sol Plaatje 4.12% (952). Dikgatlong and

Magareng has had an increase in this age group of 1.33% (57) and 1.00% (23) respectively.

The age group 15 – 19 and 20 -34 is also makes up the group referred to as the youth of the country.

Figure 3 Age Group 15 – 19 Year Olds per Municipality




A decline among the people aged between 20 - 34 years old is also observed during the same

period, for all four municipalities, as indicated in figure 4 above. This age group bracket is

considered economically active, and usually participate in migration more than other age

structures presented. The reason for migration is mostly employment, better services and

education.


15-19 9.04 9.68 8.04 8.67

0.00

2.00

4.00

6.00

8.00

10.00

12.00

Age Group15-19


20-24 8.17 8.51 7.48 8.75

25-29 8.40 7.22 8.20 8.40

30-34 5.99 6.32 7.08 7.44

0.001.002.003.004.005.006.007.008.009.00

10.00

Age Group 20 -34

23

Table 3 below indicates the change in numbers between 2011 and 2016 with the associated

percentages that each represents in terms of the overall population for the respective

municipalities.

Table 3 Age Group 20 – 34 Year Olds per Municipality

Municipality Age

Group

% Age

Group

Age

Group

% Age

Group

Age

Group

% Age

Group Total

2016

Totals

2011 20-24 20-24 25-29 25-29 30-34 30-34

Dikgatlong 3 935 8,17 4 046 8,40 2 887 5,99 2 901 11 943

Magareng 2 047 8,51 1 737 7,22 1 520 6,32 1 534 5 940

Phokwane 4 498 7,48 4 935 8,20 4 262 7,08 4 277 15 252

Sol Plaatjie 22 355 8,75 21 442 8,40 19 010 7,44 19 026 67 137

FBDM Totals 32 835 8,23 32 160 8,05 27 679 6,71 27 738 100 272 Source: Calculations based on Stats SA: Census 2011, Community Survey 2016



The age group 35 -39 as represented in figure 5 is the group that reflects and overall increase

across the four municipalities. This is primarily your young or newly married couples that return

home to raise their families. Also these are your more stable group. Your special cases such as

would primarily be derived from this group. This group makes up 7.36% of the population of the

district.


35-39 6.83 6.16 6.99 7.66

0.00

1.00

2.00

3.00

4.00

5.00

6.00

7.00

8.00

9.00

Age Group 35-39

24



Figure 6 above represents the age group 40 -64 and just as the previous group reflects and overall

increase across the four municipalities. This is your married couples that are raising their families.

This group represents the group that is given preference in terms of housing subsidies and makes

up 47% of the population of the district.

Figure 7 Age Group 65 Year Olds and Older per Municipality



40-44 5.48 7.05 5.45 6.55

45-49 5.44 4.52 4.84 5.60

50-54 4.82 4.09 4.51 4.98

55-59 4.31 3.97 4.37 3.73

60-64 3.11 3.51 3.07 3.11

0.001.002.003.004.005.006.007.008.00

Age Group 40 - 64


65-69 3.15 4.48 3.23 3.19 3.27

70-74 2.13 1.74 2.68 2.05 2.14

75-79 1.14 1.03 1.54 1.40 1.37

80-84 0.86 0.97 0.78 0.79 0.81

85+ 0.55 1.23 0.40 0.60 0.60

0.00

0.50

1.00

1.50

2.00

2.50

3.00

3.50

4.00

4.50

5.00

Age group 65 & Older

65-69 70-74 75-79 80-84 85+

25

Figure 7 represents the retired group. The numbers indicate a dramatic increase of over 65-year-

old individuals in all four municipalities. Although Dikgatlong has the highest increase of 53% in

terms of its population for that age grouping, followed by Sol Plaatje 51%, Magareng 47% and

Phokwane 44%. The reason for an increase across the four municipalities could be due to a

majority of people returning back home after reaching their retirement age.

Table 4 Age of Heads of Household per Municipality

2011 2016 2011 2016 2011 2016 2011 2016 2011 2016 2011 2016 2011 2016 2011 2016 2011 2016

10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18

Dikgatlong 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 0 6 72 12 132 39 13

Magareng 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 0 6 0 6 0 6 0 15 28

Phokwane 9 0 3 0 3 0 3 0 9 0 15 10 12 0 21 0 51 79

Sol Plaatjie 36 0 15 0 6 0 9 0 9 0 15 15 27 0 36 190 72 518


The table above represents child headed households and indicates the ages of the heads of

households in each of the four municipalities for the ages 10 - 18 years. As can be seen from the

table the number of child headed households has increased overall from 462 household in 2011

to 1058 households in 2016. It is clear from the table that the impact of child headed households

will play a significant role in the district and special focus will have to be placed on assisting these

households, particularly in Sol Plaatje that has 68% of the total child headed households.

3.3. DEPENDENCY RATIO

Figure 8 below, indicates the percentage of people in the four municipalities that are dependent

on a state subsidy and/or social grants. This is also supported by the fact that there is a significant

drop of those economically active; see age structure, (15-64), while there is an increase in the

number of over 65-year-olds dependent on a state subsidy. Phokwane has the highest annual

growth of 1.08%, among all four municipalities.

26

Figure 8 Dependency ratio


The above information may also indicate that the number of people that may be eligible for a

house subsidy could increase as the dependency ratio have increased in line with the population

increase.

3.4. MALE PER 100 FEMALE

Male and female ratio is high among all four municipalities, see Figure 9 below. Thus, for every 100

females, there are a total of 98.6 males in 2016, while in 2011 the figure was 94.7 males per 100

females. In this case a possibility of a higher birth rate is a reality. Results are indicated in Figure 8

below. Magareng municipality has the highest male to female ratio of 1.06% over the five year

period, while the average for the district is 1.04%.

Figure 9 Male Per 100 Female


Phokwane

Dikgatlong

Magareng

Sol PlaatjieFrances Baard District

2 0 1 12 0 1 6

A V G G R O W T H

2 0 1 1 - 2 0 1 6

61.5

66.6

1.0

8

58.5

62.1

1.0

6

60.7

63.9

1.0

5

51

54.1

1.0

6

231.7

246.7

1.0

6

DEPENDENCY RATIO

90

92

94

96

98

100

102

Phokwane Dikgatlong Magareng Sol Plaatjie

Male per 100 Female

M/100 F 2011 M/100 F 2016

27

3.5 EDUCATION

3.5.1. No schooling

Education status over five years, from 2011 to 2016 is indicated in table 5 and the results are further

illustrated in figure 10 below. The findings indicate that there is a decrease in the number of people

schooling, thus, less people in all four municipalities were going to school during 2011 to 2016,

which indicates a decrease in the literacy rate. Dikgatlong has the highest declining rate of -1.44

followed by Phokwane and Magareng with -0.82 respectively and Sol Plaatje having the lowest

percentage, -0.52.

Table 5 Education status


3.5.2. Matric

The results further indicate an increase in matriculants in all four municipalities. Magareng has the

highest increase of 0.82% pa, followed by Sol Plaatje with 0.72% pa, while Phokwane has the

lowest, 0.44% pa.

3.5.3. Higher Education

An increase in higher education is prevailing in Sol Plaatje, with 0.22% pa and Dikgatlong which

received an increase of 0.14% pa during period 2011 until 2016. Magareng and Phokwane face

a decline in this education category. This could indicate that the migration is more apparent in

Sol Plaatje and Dikgatlong, hence an increase in population in these two municipalities as seen

above. Moreover, Sol Plaatje is the home to Sol Plaatje University (University of the Northern Cape)

that opened its doors in 2014.

2011 2016 2011 2016 2011 2016

Municipalities AG AG AG

Phokwane 17.7 13.6 -0.8 21.9 24.1 0.44 6.6 6 -0.12

Dikgatlong 17.7 10.5 -1.4 20.3 22.7 0.48 2.7 3.4 0.14

Magareng 16.6 12.5 -0.8 24 28.1 0.82 3.5 2.1 -0.28

Sol Plaatjie 7.1 4.5 -0.5 29.2 32.8 0.72 10.4 11.5 0.22

Frances Baard District 59.1 41.1 -3.6 95.4 107.7 2.46 23.2 23 -0.04

No schooling Matric Higher education

Education

28

Figure 10 Education status


3.6. HOUSEHOLD DYNAMICS

3.6.1 Households and average size

Figure 11 Households


-20

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

No

schooling

Matric Higher

education

2011 2016 Avg/Annum

2011 -2016

2011 2016 Avg/Annum

2011 -2016

2011 2016 Avg/Annum

2011 -2016

Education status

Phokwane Dikgatlong Magareng Sol Plaatjie Frances Baard District


Households 2011 17544 11967 6120 60297

Households 2016 19597 14824 6970 71939

0

10000

20000

30000

40000

50000

60000

70000

80000

Households

Households 2011 Households 2016

29

Figure 11 above provide results pertaining to household dynamics in the four listed municipalities.

The number of households have increased from 95 928 in 2011 to 113 330 in 2016. This represents

an increase of 17 402 houses or 18%.

Figure 12 Household size


The Figure above reflects that there was a decline in the average household size within Frances

Baard District over a five year period (2011 – 2016). During year 2011, the average size was 3.9;

and now as per the Community Survey 2016, the average size is 3.5. This average size is still within

the bracket of the national average household size which is 3.8. In as much as there has been a

decline within the district municipal area; Phokwane and Magareng have dropped drastically

due to the movement that was attested by the population dynamics table and figure in previous

pages.

3.6.2. Female Headed Household

It is evident that for the period 2011 – 2016 there was an increase in the number of female headed

household as seen in Figure 13 below. In Magareng the percentage of female headed

households has increased to 43.40%, Sol Plaatje 42.40%, Phokwane to 40.40% and Dikgatlong to

37.50%. Phokwane has the highest annual growth (0.48), of female headed household over the

five year period and Dikgatlong followed with 0.42 female headed household. Sol Plaatje receive

the lowest, 0.28. This analysis reflects the need to prioritise female headed households when

allocating houses, hence they fall under vulnerable groups.

Phokwane Dikgatlong Magareng Municipalities

Series1 3.26 3.06 2.90 2.82

2.50

2.60

2.70

2.80

2.90

3.00

3.10

3.20

3.30

Household Size

30

Figure 13 Female headed


3.6.3 Housing Typologies

Annexure 1, Table 6 and Figure 14 & 15 below, indicates the change in the number of housing

arrangements across the district. The types of housing structures have increased across the district

between the period 2011 to 2016, from 95,907 to 387,740, this is a direct increase of 291,833.

The increase in housing structures can be attributed to the reduction in household sizes, migration

and the reduction mortality rates. Once again Sol Plaatje Municipality has had the biggest

increase from 60,288 to 255,351, an increase of 195,063 structures, followed by Phokwane,

Dikgatlong and Magareng. On the other hand, the results show a movement away from

traditional dwellings in Phokwane.

Table 6 Housing Typologies

Municipality

House or

brick/concrete

block structure on

a separate stand or

yard or on a farm

Flat or apartment

in a block of flats

Cluster house

in complex

Townhouse

(semi-

detached

house in a

complex)

Semi-detached

house

House/flat/ room

in backyard

Room/flatlet

on a

property or

larger

dwelling/

servants

quarters/

granny flat

2011 2016 2011 2016 2011 2016 2011 2016 2011 2016 2011 2016 2011 2016

Sol Plaatjie 44 412 194 132 1 569 3 708 162 224 303 549 1 506 3 213 942 20 122 315 372

Dikgatlong 9 192 32 094 51 0 12 0 9 40 66 392 51 5 315 9 60

Magareng 5 061 18 894 30 0 15 0 6 359 165 259 42 538 6 0

Phokwane 13 938 49 089 261 312 30 0 27 201 156 195 261 896 21 133

District Total 72 603 294 209 1 911 4 020 219 0 345 1 149 1 893 4 059 1 296 26 871 351 565


0.00 5.00 10.00 15.00 20.00 25.00 30.00 35.00 40.00 45.00 50.00

Phokwane

Dikgatlong

Magareng

Sol Plaatjie


2016 40.40 37.50 43.40 42.40

2011 38.00 35.40 41.70 41.00

Female Headed Households

31

Sol Plaatje as usual has again had the biggest increase in all forms of housing typologies. While

the number of formal houses has increased, it is the increase in the number of “Flat or apartments”

and “House/flat/ room in backyard” that has shown a dramatic increase. This indicates the huge

demand for rental properties in Sol Plaatje which can be directly attributed to the impact of Sol

Plaatje university.

Overall there has been an increase in the different forms of housing typologies, with a few

exceptions in the “flat or apartment in a block of flats” in Dikgatlong and Magareng and “Cluster

house in complex” in Dikgatlong, Magareng and Phokwane, the decrease was not significant.

Figure 14 Types of dwellings - Formal


0 40,000 80,000 120,000 160,000 200,000

House or brick/concrete block structure on a

separate stand or yard or on a farm

Flat or apartment in a block of flats

Cluster house in complex

Townhouse (semi-detached house in a complex)

Semi-detached house

House/flat/ room in backyard

Room/flatlet on a property or larger dwelling/

servants quarters/ granny flat

Formal Dwellings

Phokwane Magareng Dikgatlong Sol Plaatjie

32

Figure 15 Types of dwellings - Informal


Annexure 1 represents the different types of dwellings. The Annexure indicate an annual growth

in structures from 17,289 to 56,643 in informal dwellings and from 78,618 to 331,097 in formal

structures, that represents an increase of 78,708 and 252,479 respectively.

3.6.4 Tenure Status

The financial arrangements between people in terms of in what way, or the rights that has been

assigned to them occupy or live in a house or apartment, refers to the tenure. Rent and owner

occupied is the most common form. Table 6 and Figure 10 below, illustrates the tenure status in

the District as well as the Sol Plaatje, Phokwane, Dikgatlong and the Magareng municipalities.

An increase, especially in houses owned indicates a positive economic growth in the area.

Dikgatlong has experience growth in terms of their population in the period up to 2016 as per the

Community Survey Report, which resulted into an increase of informal dwelling. Other contributing

factors to this increase of informal dwelling, might be the fact that Dikgatlong is in the close

proximity to Sol Plaatje which is the economic hub of the Frances Baard District.

0 5000 10000 15000 20000 25000

Informal dwelling/shack in backyard

Informal dwelling/shack not in backyard (e.g. in

an informal

Caravan/tent

Other

Informal Dwellings


33

Table 7 Tenure Status


Overall the tenure status has increased in the district. A concern however is that owned and fully

paid off has increased from 26,790 to 137,840, an increase of 111,050 or 515%. There have been

no significant developments in the district that could have fueled such an extensive growth and

neither has so many subsidy houses been built.

Figure 15 Tenure status


The demand for housing has increased significantly over the period 2011 -2016. Rental demand

has doubled across the district with the exception of Sol Paatje where it has tripled (10 857 to

30 171). There a number of contributing factors to the growth that is experienced in Sol Plaatje,

such as the establishment of the university whereby students will need more accommodation;

development opportunities that are currently taking place within Sol Plaatje municipal area,

which has moved people from their original place of birth to come and look for employment

opportunities in Sol Plaatjie. The table below reflects, there is a huge demand for rentals.

-30000 10000 50000 90000 130000 170000 210000 250000

Rented from private individualRented

Owned; but not yet paid off

Owned and fully paid off

Occupied rent-free

Other

Tenure Status

FBDM Total Phokwane Magareng Dikgatlong Sol Plaatjie

Municipality Rent

Owned; but not

yet paid off

Owned and fully

paid off

Occupied rent-

free Other

2016 2011 2016 2011 2016 2011 2016 2011 2016 2011

Sol Plaatjie 30 171 10 857 44 011 10 131 137 840 26 790 14 340 9 273 27 925 3 249

Dikgatlong 2 329 1 227 883 261 41 865 5 373 1 968 4 458 775 648

Magareng 1 054 768 481 237 21 479 3 351 591 1 302 335 462

Phokwane 4 698 2 439 1250 465 46 764 9 834 4 533 4 086 2 608 720

34

In as much as Dikgatlong experienced the growth in population during the 2016 Community

Survey, there was no growth in the demand for flats or apartments simply because the people

who have recently migrated to Dikgatlong can only afford rent at the informal

settlement/dwelling, hence the table in the previous pages on dwelling types registered a growth

in the informal dwelling variable.

3.7 HOUSEHOLD SERVICES

The number of people with access to services have increase since 2011. The Community Survey

2016 indicates that more than 17 000 people have gained access to water, more than 6 000 to

sanitation and more than 61 000 to electricity.

Table 8 Household services

Municipality Water Sanitation Electricity

2011 2016 Increase /

Decrease 2011 2016

Increase /

Decrease 2011 2016

Increase /

Decrease

Sol Plaatjie 241 371,00 255 351,00 13 980,00 247 779,00 255 351,00 7 572,00 216 336,00 255 351,00 39 015,00

Dikgatlong 44 676,00 48 164,00 3 488,00 46 770,00 48 164,00 1 394,00 36 540,00 48 164,00 11 624,00

Magareng 23 058,00 24 059,00 1 001,00 24 198,00 24 059,00 139,00 21 162,00 24 059,00 2 897,00

Phokwane 61 602,00 60 168,00 1 434,00 62 919,00 60 168,00 2 751,00 52 671,00 60 168,00 7 497,00

FBDM 370 707,00 387 742,00 17 035,00 381 666,00 387 742,00 6 076,00 326 709,00 387 742,00 61 033,00


3.7.1 Sanitation

The Community Survey 2016 concentrated on the access to sanitation in terms of its position on

an erf and not the type of sanitation available as in the Census 2011. The results in Table 8 and

Figure 17 below reflect a decrease in the number of flush toilets in all four municipalities, in relation

to the population size. Although Dikgatlong shows a significant decline, in comparison with other

three municipalities. This is evident by the fact that Dikgatlong experienced a population growth

during the five year period (2011 – 2016). The new residents that has recently joined Dikgatlong

resides primarily in the informal structures, hence the sanitation that is used in the informal structure

is not a flush toilet. This means the population growth resulted into negative implications to

household services. Dikgatlong Municipality must address this backlog which have resulted due

to the population growth that they have experienced over the 5-year period.

35

Figure 16 Flush Toilets


3.7.2 Refuse Removal

Table 7 above and Figure 18 below, reflect that there is a decline in refuse removal across four

municipalities, in relation to the population size. Dikgatlong has the highest decline in comparison

with the other three municipalities, followed by Magareng. The decline in Dikgatlong on refuse

removal was also attested through the Operations and Maintenance of Public Amenities Report,

which was based on providing support to local municipalities in terms of maintaining their public

amenities. Dikgatlong has a huge number of illegal dumping sites as compared to the other

municipalities. The population growth, which resulted into the growth in the informal dwelling

residents has resulted into this decline of refuse removal. Dikgatlong Municipality must introduce

alternative methods in order to eliminate this environmental health risk.

0.00 10.00 20.00 30.00 40.00 50.00 60.00 70.00 80.00 90.00 100.00

Phokwane

Dikgatlong

Magareng

Sol Plaatjie

Frances Baard District

Flush Toilets

2016 2011

36

Figure 18 Refuse Removal


3.7.3 Types of Refuse Removal

The results in Table 9 and Figure 19 below show an increase of annual average growth in

municipality removal dump, 17.1%, although Sol Plaatje has the highest increase, 408.% followed

by Phokwane, 62.5%. Own refuse dump is also significant across the municipalities.

Table 9 Types of refuse removal

Municipality

Removed by local

authority/private company/community

members at least

once a week

Removed by local authority/private

company/community members less

often than once a week

Communal refuse dump

Communal

container/central collection

point

Own refuse dump

Dump or leave

rubbish anywhere (no

rubbish disposal)

Other

2011 2016 2011 2016 2011 2016 2011 2016 2011 2016 2011 2016 2011 2016

Sol Plaatjie 212 286 212 665 3 546 5 829 18 501 5 183 0 1 525 16 002 11 920 8 757 15 109 3 780 3 120

Dikgatlong 24 438 13 950 4 236 6 132 11 751 932 0 63 11 349 2 1920 5 103 4 508 1 101 659

Magareng 15 495 15 156 576 1 069 6 387 267 0 98 6 258 7 392 1 539 14 126 64

Phokwane 39 486 37 741 4 731 3 574 14 049 2 909 0 43 12 603 9 028 4 260 6 640 225 232


Table 9 indicates that there has been a general increase in the refuse removal process of 9%. The

number of other forms of refuse disposal has decreased, but the disposal of refuse illegally in Sol

Plaatje has increased by 173%. The with the exception of Phokwane where it has reduced.

Overall the disposal of refuse is still a serious concern which need to be addressed more seriously

and vigorously by the local municipalities.

0 50 100 150 200 250 300

Phokwane

Dikgatlong

Magareng

Sol Plaatjie


Refuse removal

2016 2011

37

Figure 19 Type of refuse removal


3.7.4 Access to Water

Table 10 below reflect that there has been a general increase in the accessibility to water in all

municipalities. In relation to the population, only 96% of the population had access to water in

2011, whereas now the Community Survey 2016 reflects that all people in the district has access

to water (100%). See table 10 below. This fact presents a challenge and is contrary to what the

four local municipalities reported in their February 2017 Back-to Basics reports. The municipalities

reported as follows:

Table 10 Population with Access to Water

Municipality Population

2016

Households

Backlog

Heads per

Household

Total Population with

No Access

Sol Plaatje 255 351 64 3.50 224

Magareng 24 059 2 156 3.50 7 546

Dikgatlong 48 164 1 760 3.30 5 808

Phokwane 60 168 5 899 3.10 18 287

FBDM Total 387 742 9 879 3.35 31 865

Source: Back-to-Basics Report February 2017

-30000

20000

70000

120000

170000

220000

Refuse Removal

Sol Plaatjie Dikgatlong Magareng Phokwane

38

Figure 20 and table 11 below provides a representation of the different sources that provides

communities with access to water in the respective municipalities. It is evident that the provision

of piped water by the municipalities has increased, resulting in a direct decrease in the alternate

sources, an exception is the “other” sources of water which had an increase, particularly in Sol

Plaatje.

Figure 20 Access to water


Table 11 Access to water

Municipality Piped Water Borehole Rain-water tank in yard

Water-carrier/tanker

Flowing water/stream/river

Other

2011 2016 2011 2016 2011 2016 2011 2016 2011 2016 2011 2016

Sol Plaatjie 238 050 253 900 1 617 424 204 0 987 83 360 441 153 503

Dikgatlong 38 280 46 566 3 834 1 147 54 0 480 137 873 273 1 155 41

Magareng 20 769 23 299 1 392 257 78 100 756 294 51 0 12 109

Phokwane 57 189 56 397 3 150 3 044 204 0 795 147 186 152 78 428

FBDM Total 354 288 380 162 9 993 4 872 540 100 3 018 661 3 481 867 1 398 1 081


0 50000 100000 150000 200000 250000

Piped Water

Borehole

Rain-water tank in yard

Water-carrier/tanker

Flowing water/stream/river

Other

Access to Water


39

3.7.5 Access to Electricity

All four municipalities experience an increase in electricity supply for lighting between 2011 and

2016. Magareng has the most number of people with access to electricity (95%), followed by

Phokwane and Sol Plaatje (93%), while Dikgatlong has the lowest, 89%.

Figure 21 Access to Electricity


3.8 POVERTY

Poverty intensity and headcount

The intensity of poverty (or poverty gap) is the gauge used to assess the extent to which the

standard of living of the poor population is below the poverty line. This indicator is measured in

terms of the comparative difference between the average standard of living of the poor

population and the poverty edge.

Head count is the proportion of the population that lives below the poverty line.

Poverty intensity as indicated in Table 12 and Figure 22 below shows that there has been a

decrease in Sol Plaatje, -0.36, and Magareng, -0.3. Nevertheless, there is an increase of poverty

intensity mostly in Phokwane which indicates an annual growth of 1.9 followed by Dikgatlong with

0.26. The main reason for a decline of poverty intensity in Magareng, it is because this municipality

has experienced a decrease in population due to the fact that it inhabitants are searching for job

0.00 50.00 100.00 150.00 200.00 250.00 300.00 350.00 400.00

Phokwane

Dikgatlong

Magareng

Sol Plaatjie


Access to Electricity

2016 2011

40

opportunities in other municipalities. An increase of poverty intensity in Phokwane, result from the

unavailability of job opportunities in Phokwane.

Table 12 Poverty

Poverty

2011 2016

Avg. for

Period

2011 2016

Avg. for

Period

Poverty

intensity

Poverty

headcount

Phokwane 32.1 41.6 1.9 10 7.6 -0.48

Dikgatlong 42.1 43.4 0.26 11 9.8 -0.24

Magareng 40.2 38.7 -0.3 7.6 8.1 0.1

Sol Plaatje 44.1 42.3 -0.4 5.6 3.6 -0.4

Frances Baard

District 39.63 41.50 0.38 8.55 7.28 -0.25


In relation to poverty headcount, there has been a decrease except in Magareng, which

experiences an increase of 0.1.

Figure 22 Poverty status


-20

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

160

180

Poverty

intensity

AG Poverty

headcount

AG

2011 2016 2011 2016

Poverty status

Phokwane Dikgatlong Magareng Sol Plaatjie Frances Baard District

41

3.9 UNEMPLOYMENT PROFILE

There has been an increase of unemployment in all four municipalities as indicated in Table 13

and Figure 23. Magareng, (4.8%) and Dikgatlong, (4.6%), have the highest increase in

unemployment while Sol Plaatje has the lowest, 2.8.

Table 13 Unemployment profile

Unemployment profile

2011 2016

Avg. for

Period Unemployed

Phokwane 19 38 3.8

Dikgatlong 17 40 4.6

Magareng 17 41 4.8

Sol Plaatje 18 32 2.8

Frances Baard

District 18 38 4


Figure 23 Unemployment profile


0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

160

2011 2016

Unemployed

Phokwane Dikgatlong Magareng

Sol Plaatjie Frances Baard District

42

3.10 HOUSING DEMAND

The prioritisation of the areas with the greatest need when the housing projects are being

implemented should be the driving factor behind development. Simply because there are

limitations in terms of the housing subsidies that are allocated to the municipalities.

There are two main ways of determining housing demand and need within municipal areas, which

are:

Using statistical calculations captured through the census or other relevant studies or

Through the analysis of National Housing Needs Register

An understanding of where demand originates from, and by whom can inform decisions

regarding the types, tenure and location of homes needed as well as decisions on spending and

prioritisation. Urbanisation and a rapid increase in population affect future trends that guide

planning and the setting of priorities. Housing applicants have preferences with regards to choice

of settlement, as well as tenure aspirations.

3.11 GAP HOUSING

The National Department of Human Settlements has defined the gap as the housing market

specifically for individuals or households whose income is inadequate to qualify for a home loan,

but exceeds the maximum limit applicable to access the free basic house' subsidy scheme. These

are people who fall in income margins between R3 501 and R15 000 per month and Finance-

linked Individual Subsidy Programme or Flisp as it is known was developed to assist these

individuals.

The analyses for gap housing demand is therefore based on the number of people who fall within

this income bracket in the District Municipality. The figure below illustrates the gap housing in the

District.

43

Figure 24 Gap Housing

Source: Frances Baard District Municipality: NHNR

As depicted by figure 24 above, most of the individuals/households falling within the gap market

fall within in the Sol Plaatje Municipality with approximately 53.7% (12,898) of people falling within

this income bracket. Phokwane Municipality is the second with approximately 21.7% (5,207) of

people within the gap housing market. Both Dikgatlong and Magareng Municipality comprises

lowest percentages of people in this market with approximately 15.7% (3,771) and 7.9% (1,917)

respectively.

3.12 RENTAL HOUSING

Table 14 Rental housing demand in the District

Municipality Rent Occupied rent-free

2016 2011 2016 2011

Sol Plaatjie 30171 10857 14340 9273

Dikgatlong 2329 1227 1968 4458

Magareng 1054 768 591 1302

Phokwane 4698 2439 4533 4086

FBDM Total 38252 15291 21432 19119


As indicated in table 7 on page 31, rental demand has doubled across the district, but tripled in

Sol Paatje (10 857 to 30 171). Sol Plaatje with the opening of the Sol Plaatje University has

experienced a remarkable growth in the need for more accommodation, The table below

reflects, the demand for rentals.

As can be seen from table 14, Sol Plaatje has the highest demand for rental housing of more than

30 000. This is followed by the Phokwane (4 698) and Dikgatlong Local Municipalities (2 329) and

lastly Magareng with1 054.

05000

10000150002000025000

Sol Plaatje Dikgatlong Magareng Phokwane FrancesBaard

Gap Market 12898 3771 1917 5207 23993

Gap Housing

44

3.13 TOTAL DEMAND

The total demand for the district is summarised in the following table.

Table 15 Total Demand

Subsidised

Housing

Gap

Market Rental

Sol Plaatjie 33 403 12 898 30171

Dikgatlong 10 321 3 771 2329

Magareng 4 011 1 917 1054

Phokwane 9 473 5 207 4698

FBDM Total 57 208 23 793 38252 Source: Calculations based on Stats SA: Census 2011, Community Survey 2016

Table 15 indicates that the demand for housing has increased since 2011. Subsidised and rental

housing demand make up the bulk of the demand. Rental demand has increased by more

than 33 000 units and subsidized housing by 40 000 units.

3.14 SUPPLY OPTIONS

While analysing demand aspects, consideration also need to be given to the supply aspects, as

these normally do not match. The following are the housing programme, subsidy mechanisms and

other instruments which are available to assist in determining and alleviating the demand.

3.14.1 National Housing Programmes, Subsidy Mechanisms and Financial Instruments

This section sets out the various subsidy programmes available from the National Department of

Human Settlements. These include: Upgrading of Informal Settlements Programme (UISP),

Integrated Residential Development Programme (IRDP), Emergency Housing Programme (EHP),

Enhanced People's Housing Process (EPHP), as well as capital contributions from municipal

finances and other relevant instruments, including the Municipal Infrastructure Grant (MIG).

It should be pointed out that other programmes and subsidy mechanisms might be altered or

become available from time to time. The below-mentioned focuses on current programmes and

mechanisms.

3.14.2 National Upgrading Support Programme (NUSP)

The National Upgrading Support Programme (NUSP) was designed to support the National

Department of Human Settlement (NDHS) in its implementation of the Upgrading Informal

Settlements Programme (UISP)

45

The objective of this support is the ultimate upgrading of all informal settlements in the country.

The NUSP, through the UISP and Urban Development Settlement Grant are the main vehicles used

to address the upgrade of informal settlements, which continues to be of great importance as a

consequence of the inability of the supply of low income houses to meet the housing demand.

3.14.3 Upgrading Informal Settlements Programme (UISP)

The Upgrading of Informal Settlements Programme (UISP) is the Government of South Africa’s

overarching policy approach to the upgrading of the country’s informal settlements. It details the

process and procedure for the in situ upgrading of informal settlements as it relates to the provision

of grants to a municipality to carry out the upgrading of informal settlements within its jurisdiction

in a structured manner.

The grant funding so provided will assist the municipality in fast tracking the provision of security of

tenure, basic municipal services, social and economic amenities and the empowerment of

residents in informal settlements to take control of housing development directly applicable to

them. The Programme includes, as a last resort and in exceptional circumstances, the possible

relocation and resettlement of people on a voluntary and cooperative basis as a result of the

implementation of upgrading projects.

The Programme is instituted in terms of section 3(4) (g) of the Housing Act, 1997 (Act No.107 of

1997), (“The Housing Act”) and is referred to as the National Housing Programme: Upgrading of

Informal Settlements.

The key policy objectives of the programme are to facilitate the structured in situ upgrading of

informal settlements as opposed to relocation in order to achieve the following complex and

interrelated policy objectives:

Tenure Security: to enhance the concept of citizenship, incorporating both rights and

obligations, by recognising and formalising the tenure rights of residents within informal

settlements;

Health and Security: to promote the development of healthy and secure living

environments by

facilitating the provision of affordable and sustainable basic municipal engineering

infrastructure to

The residents of informal settlements. This must allow for scaling up in the future; and

Empowerment: to address social and economic exclusion by focusing on community

empowerment and the promotion of social and economic integration, building social

capital through participative processes and addressing the broader social needs of

communities.14

The above policy objectives are also aligned with the goals and objectives of the

46

National Upgrading Support Programme itself.

3.14.4 Enhanced People’s Housing Process

To engage with the sector in the development of a new programme, national People’s Housing

Process (PHP) Forums were held in October 2005 and February 2006, out of which a new PHP

strategy was developed. The strategy recognized that a number of different approaches to

community development needed to be accommodated with community involvement in the

decision making processes, community empowerment and the leveraging of additional resources

being the determining factors for making it a project. This broadening of the scope of the PHP,

with a focus on the outcomes of the housing process as a whole rather than just how the housing

product is delivered, informed the development of the Enhanced People’s Housing Process (EPHP)

policy and programme. EPHP therefore replaces the PHP and should be seen as a new housing

programme, with dedicated support and funding for harnessing community initiative, community

empowerment and the building of community partnerships.

The EPHP provides for a process in which beneficiaries actively participate in decision-making over

the housing process and housing product and make a contribution in such a way that:

a) Beneficiaries are empowered individually and collectively so that the community

ultimately takes control of the housing process themselves. This includes identifying the

land, planning the settlement, getting approvals and resources to begin the

development, contracting out or building the houses and providing the services, living in

and upgrading their homes and continually improving the community;

b) Various partnerships are created;

c) Social capital is retained and expanded upon as the process builds on existing livelihood

strategies and creates all kinds of associated poverty alleviation opportunities for the

community;

d) Housing is valued as an asset far beyond its monetary value for all the value added

components it provides for individual household members and for the family as a whole;

e) Housing citizenship is built, with beneficiaries being aware of their housing rights and

responsibilities;

f) Local economic development is promoted with money spent being kept in the

community increasing the local multiplier effect;

g) Stable communities with a direct stake in the future of their neighbourhoods are fostered;

h) Houses are built that are better suited to the needs of individual households;

i) Women and youths are more directly involved in the process, ensuring skills transfer;

j) Human settlements are built that are more sustainable because they are more inclusive

and more responsive to the needs of the community and because communities have

invested directly in the process.15

47

3.14.5 Integrated Residential Development Programme (IRDP)

As the name suggests, this programme provides a tool to plan and develop integrated settlements

that include all the necessary land uses and housing types and price categories to become a

truly integrated community.

The Programme in particular provides for planning and developing an integrated project, which

provides for housing as well as the social and economic needs of different income categories. It

does away with the requirement found in other policy programmes to identify subsidised housing

recipients up front and provides for both subsidised, as well as finance linked housing, social and

rental housing, commercial, institutional and other land uses to be developed.

Owing to the holistic planning and development approach, the instrument also provides for

substantial economies of scale to be realised. Integration is achieved through the provision of

both bonded and subsidised housing in a mix appropriate to the projects location, which in turn

lends itself to facilitating inclusionary housing development (which requires a certain number of

affordable housing units to be delivered in any residential development).

Projects can be planned and developed in two phases. The first phase encompassing planning,

land acquisition, township establishment and providing serviced residential stands in a variety of

price categories as well as stands for other land uses to ensure a holistic and sustainable

community. In the second phase, houses are constructed for qualifying housing beneficiaries and

the Sole of stands to non-qualifying beneficiaries and to commercial interests, etc. is undertaken.

In summary, the Integrated Residential Development Programme (IRDP) provides for a phased

approach to provide for:

Land acquisition where required;

Township planning and municipal engineering services design;

The provision of municipal engineering services to all the stands where no alternative

funds are available;

Township establishment;

The Sole of the stands not identified for subsidized housing created in the township; and

The construction of houses by registered contractors for housing subsidy beneficiaries

who chose contractor built houses. This can be achieved through a variety of

contracting options.

Where the need has been identified for the construction of rental housing on the stands created

through the IRDP and or where beneficiaries elect to construct their own houses through the

People’s Housing Process, the rules applicable to those specific programmes will apply to projects

to be undertaken in the township16.

48

3.14.6 Rural Subsidy: Communal Land Rights (RS&CLR)

Owing to the difficulty of defining rural and urban areas, the conventional wisdom tends to view

human settlements on a continuum from major metropolitan urban agglomerations through

various secondary settlements, to small towns and down to widely dispersed homesteads in

remote areas. All are regarded as interdependent and fulfil different functions.

The various housing subsidy instruments need to cater for all these diverse circumstances. Bearing

in mind the policy principle of tenure security, the subsidy instruments provide for assistance in all

types of settlements along the continuum where freehold or rental tenure can be achieved.

In areas of communal tenure and where traditional leaders allocate land for settlement to

households or persons, freehold tenure can in most cases not be easily secured. Hence it was

necessary to develop a programme to assist households in areas with communal tenure to access

housing subsidies.

The Rural Housing Programme requires that tenure rights first be confirmed through the processes

prescribed by the Minister of Rural Development and Land Reform. Furthermore, subsidies are only

available on a project basis but and can be flexibly applied to meet real needs.

The Programme thus deals with the rules for housing subsidies for housing development on

communal land registered in the name of the state or which will be held by community members

subject to the rules or custom of that community. It is a prerequisite for the allocation of subsidies

under the Programme that a beneficiary community member provides proof of uncontested land

tenure rights and qualifies for a new order tenure right on the portion of land allocated to him or

her.

The housing subsidy may be utilised for the development of internal municipal services where no

alternative funds are available, house building, upgrading of existing services where no alternative

funding is available the upgrading of existing housing structures or any combination of the said

options.

3.15 OTHER STAKEHOLDERS

3.15.1 Municipal Infrastructure Grant (MIG)

The Municipal Infrastructure Grant (MIG) aims to provide all South African citizens with a basic level

of service. MIG provides funding towards the provision of bulk infrastructure in municipalities,

which is mostly used for the provision of water and sanitation services, roads and storm water

services. A lesser portion of the Grant is used for street lighting, solid waste removal and sport

facility provision.

49

3.15.2 Department of Water and Sanitation

This department plays a vital role in the development of human settlements as the provision of

basic services is the fundamental element linked to the provision of housing. Alignment between

Human Settlements and DWA is crucial to ensure the viability and success of projects.

3.15.3 Social Housing regulatory Authority (SHRA)

The Social Housing Regulatory Authority (the "SHRA") was established in August 2010 by the Minister

of Human Settlements in terms of the Social Housing Act, No. 16 of 2008. The SHRA is classified as

a public entity in terms of Schedule 3A of the Public Finance Management Act.

Functions of SHRA include:

Promote the development and awareness of social housing by providing an enabling

environment for the growth and development of the social housing sector;

Provide advice and support to the Department of Human Settlements in its development

of policy for the social housing sector and facilitate national social housing programmes;

Provide best practice information and research on the status of the social housing sector;

Support provincial governments with the approval of project applications by social

housing institutions;

Provide assistance, when requested, with the process of the designation of restructuring

zones and Enter into agreements with provincial governments and the National Housing

Finance Corporation to ensure the co-ordinated exercise of powers.

3.15.4 National Housing Finance Corporation LTD (NHFC)

The National Housing Finance Corporation (NHFC) is a development finance institutions

established by the South African government to fund and facilitate the development of

affordable housing. NHFC’s principal mandate is to broaden and deepen access to affordable

housing finance and housing structures for the benefit of the low- to middle-income households.

3.15.5 Rural Housing Loan Fund

The Rural Housing Loan Fund (RHLF) is a Section 21 Company,” Associated Not for Gain”, wh ich

was established in 1996 by the national Department of Housing, South Africa with initial grant

funding from the German development bank, the Kreditanstalt "fur Weiderbaufbau (KFW). RHLF

was set up as a wholesale development finance institution with the mandate of enabling low

income earners to access small loans that they could afford to repay.

50

3.15.6 NURCHA

The National Urban Reconstruction and Housing Agency (Nurcha) was established in 1995 by the

Open Society Institute and the South African government to address the severe housing shortage

in the nascent South African democracy. By providing training and bridge loans to small

contractors, Nurcha not only supports the creation of affordable housing, it also stimulates

employment, skill-building and community development. Nurcha has assisted nearly 1,000

independent contractors in this way, helping them to grow into successful construction

companies.

3.16 ANALYSIS OF THE SPATIAL CONTEXT

The basic principle of spatial planning is one of acknowledging that the required post-apartheid

transformation rests not only in addressing historic imbalances but rests fundamentally in the

traditions of planning and development that are being established. The municipal human

settlement plan should begin to make positive advances in the spatial restructuring, economic

reorientation and the development of sustainable human settlements.

This would lead to an incremental progression towards efficient and equitable settlements. The

Constitution allows that the right to adequate housing cannot be achieved immediately but must

be achieved over time. However the municipality must demonstrate that it has worked as

effectively as possible to achieve this right. Consequently the municipality would need to devise

a scheduled implementation program.

3.16.1 Spatial Location and Boundaries

Figure 25 indicates the District Municipal boundaries and the local municipalities situated within it.

51

Figure 25 District and Municipal Boundaries and Locality

Source: Frances Baard SDF 2014

3.16.2 Settlement Patterns

The map in figure 26 indicates the position and general concentration of urban centres together

with their rural hinterlands, situated within the various local municipal areas in the Frances Baard

District.

Figure 26 Settlement Patterns

Source: Frances Baard Online GIS

52

3.16.3 Dispersed Rural Settlements

The levels of services in these settlements are generally low with the majority of the residential

structures being self-built. Normally these areas are identified as areas known for agricultural

activities there is generally no sign of economic activity outside the urbanized areas.

Thus rural settlements serve as residential areas with a very limited economic base. Inhabitants are

dependent on external sources of income and social welfare grants. The dispersed nature of these

settlements has negative implications for the provision of bulk infrastructure. Provision of bulk

infrastructure is cost effective where there are high population densities, whereas in low density

settlements the cost of providing bulk infrastructure is very high.

Residents in rural settlements have always constructed their own dwellings. Furthermore the post

1994 government housing subsidy system set out requirements that automatically excluded rural

areas. The project linked subsidy (PLS) was the preferred subsidy instrument with the following

stipulations:

Proclamation of a formal township with a general plan issued by the Surveyor General;

Serviced land with onsite water connections and water borne sewerage; and

Formal titles had to be issued to beneficiaries

This has resulted in households deserving of housing support unable to access housing support.

The introduction of the rural subsidy instrument is a fundamental policy shift facilitating equity.

Consequently, government has identified rural housing as a delivery priority (BNG 2005). Housing

subsidization can now be awarded in villages that are communally owned.

3.16.4 Peri-Urban and Semi-Urban Settlements

These areas provide opportunities for economies of agglomeration that will result to the provision

of higher order services. These are obvious areas of development, however, the level of basic

services (social, economic and infrastructure) are minimal to provide a viable option to the village

centre. The key advantage of these areas is that land is owned by the state.

Thus the following should be the development focus of the municipality in these areas:

Formalization of tenure (tenure upgrade);

Upgrade of services such as bulk infrastructure to be able to install water borne sewerage

and in-house connections; and

Provision of social services

3.16.5 Urban Settlements

The following maps indicate the urban settlements within their respective local municipal urban

edge boundaries. As determined in the previous section on demographic analysis the demand

53

for housing and supply is found in urban settlements where there are higher concentrations of

population numbers. This demand is primarily in the less formal settlement areas.

Each municipality has a defined urban edge as can be determined in the following maps. The

urban edge is essentially a strategy to counter urban sprawl, encourage densification and

protect natural resources.

3.16.6 Spatial Integration

From a housing and human settlement point of view, the key issue is to promote the social,

economic and spatial integration of the District and local municipalities. The distribution of

land uses in a municipality clearly outlines the spatial configuration of the municipality. The

ideal outcome is to change the spatial footprint of the municipality. However the municipality can

neither socially nor economically afford to drastically change long- established settlement

patterns.

The strategic response to spatial integration particularly to the tribal settlements in the periphery

encompasses two major planning interventions, namely:

To ensure access to social and economic services; and

Topromotemixedusethatincludeseconomicactivitiesbasedonskillsthatalready exist in the

community.

Housing development provides a platform for the delivery of other basic services such as

electricity, water, road infrastructure amongst others. Furthermore it is critical that the identified

land for housing development promotes spatial integration and access to social services (with

basic amenities, sports and recreation, clinics, libraries, shopping malls, cemeteries, schools and

other social services), economic (access to employment opportunities, trade and industry).The

following maps from the FBDM SDF 2014, figure 27 -30, indicate the District level spread of ancillary

services and amenities.

54

3.16.7 Access to Social Services

Figure 27 Social Facilities

Source: FBDM SDF 2014

3.16.8 Access to Educational Facilities

Figure 28 Locality Educational Facilities


55

3.16.9 Safety

Figure 29 Locality of Police Stations


3.16.10 Access to Cemeteries

Figure 30 Cemeteries


56

3.16.11 Spatial Analysis in terms of land availability for development

This is the discussion on land availability on future housing projects. It is important to view land

acquisition in terms of its merits with regard to its closeness to bulk services, suitability and ownership

status. Most housing projects are failing as most of the land identified, is in one way or another, not

conducive for the development of houses.

3.16.12 Alignment with National spatial objectives

The following spatial objectives need to be considered in drawing up sustainable human

settlement strategies in the next section.

a) National Spatial Objectives

The following are the national spatial objectives (Department of Human Settlements, South African

Human Settlement Report, 2013).:

Shifting jobs and investment towards dense townships which are located on the

margins/outskirts of cities;

Moving away from building new settlements which are far from places of work;

Planned economic and settlements developments possibilities ought to be streamlined

into economically active corridors and development nodes linking them to adjacent

growth centres;

In terms of spatial, economic, social and environmental objectives former

disadvantaged, traditional, rural, squatter camps, slums and land holdings owned either

by state or enterprises should be integrated into spatial forms of the different levels of

governance; and

New spatial plans for cities, improved public transport and upgrading informal

settlements should be developed

b) Provincial Spatial Objectives

With regard to planning for dwellings, consideration should be taken pertaining to government

strategic objectives in particular the spatial and racial integration of post-apartheid communities.

This holistic approach as proposed by Department of Human Settlements, (South African Human

Settlement Report, 2013), will contribute positively in addressing housing backlogs and alter the

apartheid spatial forms and make sure that low income households both in rural or urban areas

have easy access to economic centres

The following table summarises key national, provincial and local focus areas

57

Table 16 Focus Area

National Investment Direction Northern Cape Examples

National

Development

Plan: Vision for

2030

Informal Settlements upgrading Upgrading

of Snake Park

Informal

Settlement

National

Spatial

Development

Perspective

There must be guiding principles and mechanisms for

directing infrastructure investment and development

decisions The bulk supply of infrastructure must be

directed to areas showing potential growth nodes.

Bulk

Infrastructure

Plan

SPLUMA There must be a clear strategy which provide direction

for development, investment in infrastructure promoting

effective, sustainable as well as well-planned key

investment areas in all economic sectors indicating main

priority areas for investment

NC Provincial

Growth and

Development

Strategy

State of the

Nation Address

(2014)

The control and management system of land use should

incorporate all municipality areas and particularly

include provisions that are flexible and relevant for

managing poor areas, informal settlements as well

former homelands.

Providing houses as well as additional services to revive

mining towns.

Fast-tracking the settlement of outstanding land claims

It is expected of mining companies to transform or

upgrade hostels into family units, get the tenure rate of

one person per room and also assist home ownership

alternatives for mine workers.

Promotion of inclusive economic growth as well as

building a more well-off society

See Mining

Towns

Minister’s

Budget

Speech (2014)

Target to build 216 000 houses and connect 905 000

households to electricity over the Medium Term

Expenditure Framework (MTEF ) period.

Accelerated public infrastructure investment; Support for

special economic zones and manufacturing incentives

in the Industrial Policy Action Plan

Refer to :

Special

Economic

Zones

58

National Investment Direction Northern Cape Examples

Provincial

Growth and

Development

Strategy

The PDGS intends to uplift, diversify and transform

provincial economy. Infrastructure pertaining to

economic growth as well as social development

should be enhanced.

Development

of a Bulk

Infrastructure

Plan

Provincial

Spatial

Development

Framework

The PSDF intends to make it a point that new

developments enhance qualitative urban integration,

reasonable housing as well as densificationing

financially viable way without compromising existing

property value.

Develop Inner

City Infill

Strategies

Provincial

Budget

Speech (2014

According to MEC of Finance in the Northern Cape

human settlements(housing)provision and eradication of

informal settlements are the focal point in the province

infrastructure investment.

NC Informal

Settlements

Upgrading

Strategy

Opening of

Parliament:

Provincial

Address(2014)

Observe transformed emphasis in the areas of housing.

Increase infrastructural growth Housing backlogs be

addressed through the integrated housing

development plan

Targettorectify150houses, planning and surveying of

5187 sites, servicing 2980 sites and constructing of 3542

houses in the province

About 35 FLISP subsidies are planned in order to yield

over 50 GAP housing opportunities all over the province

Human

Settlements

Multi- Year Plan

3.16.13 Special Economic Zones

There is only one SEZ in the Northern Cape which is situated in Upington and the airport there is

earmarked for manufacturing of related agricultural products, electronics goods production, SKA

and solar energy goods and services. During the 2014 budget speech by the Minister of Finance

Mr. Pravin Gordhan, he stated that one of governments focus area is with regards to supporting

Special Economic Zones and manufacturing incentives.

The following table demonstrates the potential for SEZ initiatives in the Northern Cape

59

Table 17 Potential for SEZs

Proposed SEZ Development Location Types of SEZ

Frances Baard SEZ (Kimberly

Diamond Hub)

Kimberly CBD Business Enterprise Zone

and Hybrid Export

Processing Zone

3.16.14 Development Corridors

According to the Northern Cape Provincial Growth and Development Strategy there is a need to

create development corridors within the Province. The implication is that priorities must be on

providing continuous support to catalyze top economic development linked to transport/corridors

and within special resource areas as well as providing required infrastructure and sustainable

services in support of economic development alongside transport/corridors and resource areas.

One way of providing support to this initiative will be to ensure that there is adequate housing

provision in close proximity to the corridors. The following table highlights the specific agricultural

based corridors.

3.16.15 Key Agricultural Development Areas

Table 18 Development corridors

Corridor Locality Municipality

This corridor stretches from

Hartswater, Jan Kempdorp through

to Prieska via Hopetown and

Douglas.

Phokwane, Sol Plaatje,

Siyathemba, Siyancuma

and Thembelihle local

municipalities

Table 19 Key agricultural development areas

District Municipality Local Municipality Towns Product

Frances Baard Phokwane Hartswater Crop and

livestock farming

3.16.16 Spatial Development Frameworks

The spatial analysis culminates in the compilation of a final SDF for the province, district and each

municipality. In the review of same, new projects will be updated and remapped during annual

review. The composite plans are included here for integration purposes as a snapshot, the

intention is not to replicate the SDF more detail is available on the large scale maps contained in

the approved FB SDF 2014. Figure 31 depicts the information as per the SDF.

60

3.16.17 Provincial Spatial Development Framework(PSDF)

Figure 31 Provincial Spatial Development Framework (PSDF)

Source: Northern Cape Provincial Spatial Development Framework

3.16.18 Capacity of Bulk Services

There is no doubt that access to basic services improves the quality of life of households. The

planning for the provision of bulk services through the Municipal Infrastructure Grant (MIG) should

at the district level seek alignment with the housing projects and focused human settlement

development, particularly to address the acute water and sanitation backlogs. Identification of

projects that are listed in the District Water and Sanitation Plan should be informed by the priority

municipal housing projects identified in this plan.

3.16.19 Findings of the Spatial Analysis

Like the rest of South Africa, the Frances Baard District Municipality, recognises the challenges for

many people living in the district who are settled in places which have been defined by

inadequate past spatial planning and land use laws and practices resulting in unsustainable

settlement patterns. The inefficiency of multiple laws at different spheres of government has

created fragmentation, duplication and unfair discrimination. It also recognises that some parts

of our urban and rural areas are excluded from the benefits of spatial development planning and

land use management systems.

NC Development Regions and

Corridors

61

4. STRATEGY

Analysis of much of the new legislation contained in section 3 of this report concentrates on policy

and intent to move from housing development to sustainable human settlement development

these new pieces of legislation, policies, strategies and objectives have been drafted over the

past 10 years and call for reforms to the current planning system, development of a strategy for

densification of cities, substantial investment into public transport provision, a national spatial

development framework and norms to improve the balance between location of jobs and

people, a comprehensive review of the grant and subsidy regime for housing, a national spatial

restructuring fund, a national observatory for spatial data and analysis, citizen activity for local

planning and development initiatives and more effective land markets for the poor.

4.1 PROPOSED HUMAN SETTLEMENTS STRATEGIES

Provincial Human Settlement Strategies. The following are the provincial Human Settlement

Strategy Objectives as defined in the HDA Provincial Strategy.

Table 20 Objectives of the Human Settlements Plan

Objectives Description

1 Revitalisation of Mining Towns This objective is derived from the national imperative

which aims at the revitalization of mining towns. This is very

vital for the Northern Cape Province since the mining

sector is the largest economic contributor.

2 Aligning Housing Delivery to

economic development

direction

This objective will focus on establishing linkages with the

Department of Trade and Industry. Development initiatives

and plans may include SEZs and Development Corridors.


municipal development plans

This objective will focus on re-enforcing linkages with

Municipal development plans


Provincial Economic

development and tourism

activity


Department of Economic Development and Tourism.

Development initiatives and plans may include nodes and

development corridors.


Agriculture, Land reform and

rural development


provincial Department of Agriculture and Land Affairs as

to foster sustainable and economic agricultural activity in

the province. This is very vital for the Northern Cape since

62

Objectives Description

the agricultural and agro-processing sector is the second

major economic contributor

6 Address existing Housing

Backlogs

This objective focuses on addressing backlogs in all

municipalities throughout the province. It is also in

alignment with Outcome 8 of the National Development

Plan and the National Human Settlements mandate of the

provision of housing

7 Planning for areas with High

population growth

This objective will focus on providing integrated

sustainable human settlements for the Northern Cape

residents

8 Planning for areas with High

urbanization rate

This objective will focus on creating diversified housing

typologies such as Rental Housing to meet the present and

anticipated population growth.

9 Addressing Apartheid

induced segregation,

fragmentation and inequality

This objective will focus on establishing integrated and

coordinated planning.

10 Supporting historically black

townships

This objective will focus on developing hubs, nodes

and linkages within previously disadvantaged

communities.

11 Creating dignified places This objective will focus on promoting the values of

equality, integration and sustainable development.

12 Attainment of sustainable

Human settlements

This objective will focus on considering guidelines and

principles with regards to sustainable human settlements.

13 Addressing previous social

exclusion

This objective will focus on promoting a mix of race and

classes through social cohesion.

4.2 FRANCES BAARD DISTRICT HUMAN SETTLEMENTS STRATEGIES

Table 21 Strategies

Goals Strategies Target / Indicator

To provide more

houses to cover

the housing

backlog

Apply for housing subsidies from the

Provincial National Department of Human

Settlements to provide the current and

future backlog.

Target:

Eradication of the housing

backlog.

Identification and packaging of

future housing projects.

63


Promote other housing programmes such

as People’s Housing Process, CRU, Social

Housing, Institutional Housing, Middle-

Income Housing, rental housing, hostel

redevelopments and farm worker housing.

Allocate subsidies to programmes in terms

of agreed percentages stated in the

Housing Sector Plan

Indicator:

Number of approved subsidies.

Number of houses built.

Approval from COGHSTA for

future housing projects.

To identify and

develop suitably

located land for

housing projects

Identify suitably located government-

owned land for housing development

In the event that government land is not

available, purchase adequate land to

provide stands for the housing backlog.

Survey and service stands for allocation and

housing development

Target:

Identify and secure sufficient

land to eradicate backlog.

Indicator:

Number of services and surveyed

land.

To ensure the

building of

quality houses

The Municipality to inspect the construction

of houses from foundation to completion to

ensure that quality houses are built. Enforce

compliance to building regulations, NHRBC

standards and municipal by-laws including

the use of SABS approved materials.

Project Steering Committees to be formed

involving the developer, ward committee

members, representatives and other local

stakeholders to oversee the execution of

the project.

Target:

To provide quality houses without

any defects.

Indicator:

Number of households without

defects and according to

NHBRC, SABS and Municipal

Standards.

To provide for

institutional

development

and a policy

framework

To ensure proper allocation and transfer of

erven and units to rightful owners.

Proper management and updating of

waiting list.

Develop sufficient skills and capacity on

local level.

Target:

Fully functioning institutional and

policy framework

Measurable Indicator:

Frequently update and proper

management of waiting lists.

Number of Title deed transfers

compared to units developed

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Time taken to transfer ownership

Allocations according to

allocation policy

To maximise the

economic

benefits of

housing

provision

New housing developments need to be

located in areas that facilitate access to

employment opportunities and services.

Alternatively, employment nodes need to

be developed alongside proposed housing

developments. Each development should

have access to public transport and thus

provision should also be made for

supporting infrastructure such as taxi and

bus ranks.

The housing subsidy scheme should give rise

to empowerment of previously

disadvantaged local communities along

with emerging companies. The emphasis is

on utilisation of local labour and skills

transfer.

Target:

To maximise the economic

impact of developments.

To locate new developments in

close proximity to employment

nodes

Measurable Indicator:

Bus and taxi routes in all new

developments

Number of households within in

close proximity to employment

node.

Number of local people

employed to undertake skilled,

semi-skilled and unskilled tasks.

Value of work undertaken by

local people in terms of skilled,

semi-skilled and unskilled jobs.

Number of local contractors able

to tender or is subcontracted for

new construction projects.

To provide basic

services

All new housing developed needs to

include pay as you go electricity provision,

as well as sewer and water connections. (It

is easier and cheaper to service areas as

they are developed rather than at a later

stage.)

The HSP can provide input into the

municipalities SDBIP and IDP planning

processes in terms of service provision.

Target:

Provide services to all housing

projects

Indicator:

Inclusion of water, sanitation and

electricity for all housing projects.

Number of houses with access to

services

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Table 22 Frances Baard District Objectives

Goal Objective

Infrastructure

Improved

access to

sustainable

basic services

in the District.

To assist LM’s with Projects Identification, Review and Prioritisation in IDP’s

annually.

To support the provision of potable water, sanitation, facilities, electricity

and streets and storm water to all households in the district by 2016/2017

To support Operation and Maintenance of infrastructure in the LM’s

annually.

To promote Transport Planning in the LM’s in the district by 2016/2017

To create job opportunities for unemployed through the promotion of

EPWP principles in the district and LMs by 2016/2017

Housing

Facilitate the

creation of

sustainable

human

settlements

Facilitate the reduction of the Housing backlog.

Capacitate the consumers of human settlements in the district

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5. PROJECTS

5.1 PROJECTS LINKED TO IDP AND SDF

The Frances Baard District has identified the need to plan properly for implementation of projects

as one of the most critical components in the delivery of sustainable human settlements is

planning. Through the various policies and frameworks that the District has put in place this can

be achieved. The previous section on spatial analysis has demonstrated the linkage with the IDP

and SDF which guides the overall spatial planning within the jurisdiction of the District. It

respectively sets out the long term spatial development vision of the District. As a result, all the

human settlement plans and projects are planned in a manner that adheres to the spatial vision

of the Spatial Development Framework.

5.2 PROJECT PIPELINE

Coghsta been involved in a process of planning and phasing of projects for effective

implementation with the support of the Housing Development Agency (HDA). See annexure 2.

The ‘Project Pipeline’ has been done to verify the status and to determine progress that has been

achieved for these projects within the District. This process has also been able to determine the

readiness of different projects for implementation. The District is now able to categorise projects

that still need to undergo town planning and engineering and design processes as well as those

which are ready for the construction of top structures. The Project Pipeline has therefore enabled

the District to prioritise its projects, seek funding timeously, adhere to the spatial vision of the District

and more importantly deliver on the developmental objectives and priorities.

5.3 LIST OF APPROVED HOUSING PROJECTS

Table 23 below indicates the list of projects approved for funding by Coghsta for the 2017/18

financial year. Once all of the projects have been identified and initially prioritized, individual

programs and cash flows are determined. Once all of the programs and cash flows are

completed they are summarized into an overall project program schedule and then into a single

cash flow spread sheet.

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Table 23: List of Approved Projects

Approved Projects 2016/ 2017 Project List

HSS Reference

No. Municipality Town Project description

A16010004 All FLISP

A16010001 All

Project description Pre

94

A16010002 All Accreditation

HSS Reference

No. Municipality Town Project description

A16010008 Dikgatlong Delportshoop Proteahof

A14010004 Sol Plaatje Level 2 Kimberley Jacksonville (339)

A15010001 Sol Plaatje Level 2 Kimberley Promised Land (50)

A14100002 Sol Plaatje Kimberley Snake Park

A11080004 Magareng Warrenton Magareng

A13110003 Phokwane Jankempdorp Masakeng 1200

A12070002 Phokwane Ganspan Kingston 685

NEW Phokwane Ganspan

Ganspan Bulk

Sanitation Feasibility

Priority Project

A15020005 Sol Plaatje CATALYTIC Lerato Park

A15020004/1 Sol Plaatje Lerato Park

Source: Housing Development Agency

5.4 LIST OF MUNICIPAL HOUSING PROJECTS

Each of the three local municipalities have submitted a list of projects which have been approved

by their respective municipal councils. These lists, represented by tables 24 -26, have been

included to represent the projects already funded by Coghsta and those that could be funded

going forward.

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Table 24 Magareng List of Housing Projects

No Project Description Number of Units Project Status

1. Majeng 150 Current project

2. Ikhutseng 1,290 Future Project

3. Warrenville 558 Future Project

4. Vaalhuis 57 Current Project

5. Military Veteran village 110 Future Project

6. Mixed Development 800 Future Project

Source: Magareng Municipality

Table 25 Dikgatlong List of Housing Projects


1. Kutlwano 230 To be undertaken

2. Hebronpark 250 To be undertaken

3. Proteahof 217 To be undertaken

4. Ya Rona Infill

5. Rooikoppies 200 Future

6. Proteahof 265 Future

7. Koopmansfontein 12 Future

Source: Dikgatlong Municipality

Table 26 Phokwane List of Housing Projects


1. Jan Kempdorp Valspan 274 Completed

2. Jan Kempdorp Valspan and Andalusia Park

Grinaker

647 Completed

3. Jan Kempdorp Valspan 1000 13 Outstanding

4. Jan Kempdorp Valspan Kingston 685 Currently Running

5. Jan Kempdorp - Tshireletso 661 Completed

6. Hartswater PHP 636 Completed

7. Pampierstad 1422 48 Outstanding

8. Pampierstad 250 Completed

9. Pampierstad 900 35 Outstanding

10. Jan Kempdorp Ganspan 531 Future Projects

11. Jan Kempdorp Ganspan 294 Future Projects

12. Jan Kempdorp Guldenskat 608 Future Projects

13. Pampierstad Shanty Section 600 (Infill) Future Projects

14. Valspan Kingston Ext Jan Kempdorp 338 Future Projects

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15. Hartswater 127 Future Projects

16. Hartswater Nkandla 2 489 Future Projects

17. Magogong 32 Future Projects

18. Valspan Jan Kempdorp 500 (Infill) Future Projects

Source: Phokwane Municipality

5.5 PROJECT FINANCE

A municipality must constantly review its financing and funding models associated with all forms

of housing development and delivery to develop integrated housing. The imperative of ensuring

the on-going delivery of housing opportunities must be matched with appropriately sustainable

housing funding models. In this regard the linking and alignment of the various state housing

subsidy programmes is essential to ensure integrated and diverse housing and community

developments.

Whilst the state housing subsidy mechanisms are the key catalysts for housing opportunity delivery,

these must be appropriately linked to the various other state funding initiatives available whilst

being geared to other non-governmental resources. In this regard the seamless interaction of state

funding from all sources (i.e. Department of Land Affairs, Department of Provincial and Local

Government, Department of Housing, National Treasury et al) must be continually pursued,

thereby limiting the burden on the municipal funds whilst, simultaneously utilising the various fund

provisions to maximise the quality and volume of housing opportunities delivered.

By utilising all available grant funds, the municipality should be able to enhance the quality of the

services provided to citizens whilst simultaneously limiting the on-going maintenance costs

associated with the infrastructure installed to service the various housing developments. The

formalisation of the municipal informal settlements allows for the expansion of direct monthly

invoicing for services rendered by the various departments (which in turn allows for expanded

revenue collection opportunities for the town). Funds so obtained are, inter alia, utilised for the

expansion of the municipal’s informal settlements and related upgrade/development

programmes.

A municipality should, through a structured housing maintenance programme, establish a process

where major state funding is released to ensure the refurbishment and upgrading of its housing

rental properties. Whilst this major upgrading programme will enhance the municipal housing

70

asset base, the imperatives associated with this upgrading programme embody the expansion of

the municipal monthly charge collection mechanisms in terms of the appropriate debt

management policies and by- laws.

A municipality, by ensuring a financial parachute to its housing occupants, should provide

targeted pro poor funding for the various services incorporated in its service offering. These

instruments include, inter alia, housing grants (rental and selling schemes), rates rebates, and free

basic water and electricity. Notwithstanding the aforementioned, a comprehensive review of the

municipal‘s various financial processes and interventions ensures the development of housing

opportunities and communities whilst ensuring that a financially sustainable approach is adopted.

5.6 BLOCKED PROJECTS

Typical issues that block housing delivery:

a. Water and Sanitation, the water and sanitation connection for all the projects is

incomplete whereas payments have been effected. Consequently beneficiaries refuse

to sign happy letters

b. Land Transfer, there are delays in the transfer of land from the national government to

the municipality for the purposes of title deed handover to beneficiaries.

c. Land Invasions, sites approved on the Surveyor General’s map have been invaded

resulting in a shortage of sites for approved beneficiaries.

d. Structural Defects, the quality of the workmanship on some of the units is of poor

standard.

5.6 Project Risk Assessment

Risk assessments is a fundamentally important part of the project implementation. It allows the

District to understand better potential threats and opportunities in the implementation of projects.

Equally, by planning for unexpected events, the District is able to put in place a framework that

allows for swift response when unexpected events arise. The District’s risk planning process

involves establishing a list of internal and external risks, the likelihood of occurrence of each

respective risk and proposed actions to manage and mitigate against the risk. Table 27 below

outlines the risks identified, their likelihood and proposed actions to address the risk.

71

Table 27 Potential risks

RISK

CATEGORIES

IDENTIFIED RISKS LIKELIHOOD

H/M/L

PROPOSED ACTIONS TO MITIGATE RISKS

Funding Funding Allocations insufficient to

deliver on targets

H Set up framework to outline and guide funding

priorities for the District.

Funding for accreditation

insufficient for adequate

capacitation

H Continue to use services of Housing Development

Agency.

Institutional Interdepartmental coordination

weak

H Focused effort to ensure coordination between

the infrastructure, Town Planning, IDP unit, and the

relationship with Province.

Weak communication with local

municipalities

H Ensure systematic approach to foster active

communication and dissemination of information

between the District and local municipalities.

Beneficiaries Administration of beneficiaries in

projects still problematic

H Effort to improve communication with the

supported local municipalities and the

involvement of communities.

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6. INTEGRATION

6.1 COMPREHENSIVE PLAN FOR SUSTAINABLE HUMAN SETTLEMENTS (BNG)

(2004)

Ten years after the introduction of the housing programme in 1994, a comprehensive review was

undertaken of the outcomes of the programme and the changes in the socio‐economic context

in the country. This lead to the approval of the Comprehensive Plan for Sustainable Human

Settlements commonly referred to as “Breaking new Ground” or “BNG”, by Cabinet in September

2004.

This plan is a fundamental document giving effect to the National Department’s mandate in terms

of the provision of adequate housing to all with reference to section 26 of the Constitution. This

plan shifts the focus to improving the quality of housing and housing environments by integrating

communities and settlements, while retaining the basic principles of the Housing White Paper. The

plan provides for a shift in focus from providing housing to creating sustainable human settlements.

6.2 OUTCOME 8: MEDIUM TERM STRATEGIC FRAMEWORK 2014-2019

The Department of Human Settlements (DHS) has developed a Draft Medium Term Strategic

Framework (MTSF Draft) to Achieve Outcome 8 and the NDP Vision 2030. The Framework

acknowledges the challenge that people who live in informal settlements face in terms of finding

employment and thereby improving their income. Unemployment prevents them from moving

out of informal settlements and access more formal accommodation. Most migrants use informal

settlements as landing points in towns and cities as these offers an affordable means of

accommodation.

Better spatial planning to better target resource allocation

Ensuring that poor households have adequate housing in better living environments

Supporting the development of a functionally and equitable residential property market

Improving institutional capacity and coordination

The Framework includes clear actions, indicators and targets to deliver the outcomes. The

Department of Human Settlements will manage implementation of the plans expressed in the

73

MTSF and will coordinate through the Social and Economic Clusters. They will report through

MinMec, Technical MinMec, Human Settlements Technical Implementation Forum and Human

Settlements Delivery and Coordination/ Forums established by all three spheres of government at

national, provincial and local levels.

6.3 LINKAGE, INTEGRATION AND COMPLIANCE TO OTHER PLANS AND

PROGRAMMES

The purpose of “Integration” is to ensure that the projects elaborated above are integrated with

the other projects identified in the IDP Main Document to achieve proper co-ordination and

alignment taking into account their contents, location and timing. For example, housing projects

can be aligned with the infrastructure, land acquisition and education-related projects to enable

maximum impact to be made on housing the homeless, creating job opportunities, stimulating

the local economy and providing basic municipal services which will also help alleviate poverty

and fight diseases. This in short provides the correct way to realising integrated development in a

true sense.

Integration of all the relevant sector department delivery programs should be achieved through

an effective Human Settlements Plan. The Plan should summarise all relevant infrastructure

development plans and then match them with the proposed multiple housing project delivery

plan. It is the responsibility of the service provided (or Municipal Official if the Human Settlements

Plan is completed internally) with the assistance of the Municipal Housing Official to collect all of

the relevant sector plans and other relevant information in the IDP to ensure that the proposed

housing delivery program matches the delivery of the other relevant sector department

interventions. While infrastructural development requirements are of primary importance

alignment of other sector departments such as health and education etc. should not be ignored.

The Human Settlements Plan should also be instrumental in detailing an institutional framework for

housing delivery in the Municipality which has as its core function the integration of relevant

governmental sectors (e.g. Water, Roads, Sewer, Electricity, Health, Education etc.) at a project

level during implementation. It should be noted that whilst IDP’s and specifically the Human

Settlements Plan play an important role in co-ordinating and enabling development, additional

work is required to ensure that they translate into meaningful integration at the project level, even

though the municipality does not have accreditation and is assisted by the District Municipality

74

with Human Settlement development roll out, the integration of processes needs to be

understood.

Tables 28 and 29 indicates the role of the various developmental plans in relation to Human

Settlements.

Table 28 Municipal Sector Plan relevance to Human Settlements Plan and their effect on housing

Name of

Integrated

Programme

Purpose and Content

Effect on Housing Issues

Water Services

Development

Plans

Integrated

Transport Plans

Integrated

Waste

Management

Plan

These plans are not part of the IDP, but only

a summary of the plans. They are sector

specific plans dealing with issues pertaining

to water and sanitation, transport and waste.

There is a need to ensure that any proposed project

and the effect of such a project to water and

sanitation, transport and waste management be

included in these sector plans.

For example any new housing development will

increase the water usage in the town. The WSDP

needs to consider this and ensure sufficient water

provision.

5-Year

financial Plan

It considers all financial aspects of the

municipality

The effect of payment of services or possible non-

payment of services by occupants of a new housing

project on the future financial viability of the

municipality

5-Year Capital

Investment

Programme

It links all the projects with possible sources of

financing and by doing it generates and co-

ordinates public

Costs of all housing projects must be included in this

programme.

Table 29 Integration

Name of Integrated

Programme

Purpose and Content Effect on Housing Issues

5Year Action

Programme

Providing the municipality with an

overview of the major activities resulting

from the IDP

Include all the activities pertaining to

projects

Related to housing asset out in the project

design in this programme

Performance

Management System

The KPIs for the housing issue should be

set and it performance

Should be ensured that they are

continuously measured

75

Name of Integrated

Programme

Purpose and Content Effect on Housing Issues

of the municipality

Spatial Development

Framework

It controls strategies for land Use

management

It is important that all housing projects are

considered in the spatial development

framework and that their location is clearly

marked on the map.

Integrated Poverty

Reduction and Gender

Equity Programme

These programmes must ensure that

poverty is reduced and indicates how

the municipality is contributing to

gender equality

Almost all low-cost housing projects can be

considered as poverty alleviation and is

therefore part of the municipality’s fight

against poverty.

Integrated

Environmental

Programme

The municipality should ensure that

environmental issues are adequately

addressedandthatallenvisagedprojects

donotimpactnegativelyonthenaturalen

vironment.

There is a need to consider how the

designed housing projects will influence

the environment and if an EIA is

necessary or not.

Measures must be put in place to ensure

that all housing projects do not degrade

the environment, but rather contribute to

more sustainability

Integrated LED

All municipalities must implement LED

projects and promote LED at all time.

Due to the labour intensive nature of

housing development, housing projects are

a great opportunity for the municipality to

create jobs.

Integrated Institutional

Programme

This programme is about the institutional

capacity and transformation of the

municipality This also includes projects.

Building material adds another dimension,

which can result in employment

generation.

There is a need to ensure that the

municipality has enough capacity to

handle its housing issues.

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7. INSTITUTIONAL ARRANGEMENTS

It is important to have capacity to implement, in the delivery of housing. Some municipalities lack

capacity due to unfilled positions and or funding, others are not financially stable. The housing

department in the municipality is a technical department and requires staff with a broad

technical skill set.

One needs to recognize, that the housing function is a cross-cutting one, which requires co-

ordination with a wide range of council activities. Most municipalities’ have the housing function

located in engineering or operating as a separate housing function. There is no ideal location for

the housing function; however, deeper integration is required with the engineering function. This

can be done through the creation of a housing working group. The primary aim of this working

group would be to allow the housing function to coordinate the housing related activities of other

functions.

In the District Municipality the Housing Unit forms part of the Infrastructure Services Department.

The Department comprises of three units:

Municipal Infrastructure Services

Housing

Planning & Design

In terms of reporting mechanisms, the Housing Unit reports to the Social Development Committee.

The Housing Unit is supported by the following units within the District:

Engineering

Three technicians, one per municipality

PMU & Operations and Maintenance

Information Technology

Financial

Budget, accounting and financial management

Internal Audit

Environmental Health

Human Resources

Planning and development (Town Planning & GIS)

77

Currently the Housing Unit comprises of a Housing Manager, Housing Specialist, Building Inspectors

(3), and Housing Administrators (3).

Figure 32 FBDM Housing Structure

Roles and responsibilities of the District Municipality

To manage and maintain an efficient and effective Housing unit in order to properly

Administer Human Settlements Programmes;

To demonstrate the capacity to undertake Human Settlements projects;

To secure funding from the Department or Human Settlements Projects in the MTEF

period;

To enter into Service Level Agreements with Phokwane, Magareng and Dikgatlong

Municipalities

Head of Department

Manager Housing

Housing Specialist

(In process)

Building Inspectors X3

(3x Filled)

Project Managers X2

(1 x Vacant, 1 x in process)

Chief Housing admin Officer

(Vacant)

Senior Admin Officer

(In process)

Clerk

(Filled)

Clerk

(Filled)

Senior Admin Officer

(Vacant)

Clerk

(Filled)

Manager Infrastructure

78

In respect of the national housing programmes for which it has been accredited, the Municipality

shall undertake the following functions on behalf of the Phokwane, Magareng and Dikgatlong

Local Municipalities:

subsidy budget planning and allocation, and priority programme management and

administration

o National Housing Needs Register

o Development of Housing Sector Plans

housing subsidy budgetary planning functions across national housing programmes and

projects;

o subsidy allocation

o project identification

project management and administration, including:

o project evaluation and approval;

o submission of a project business plan to the Frances Baard Regional office;

o contract administration and management;

o subsidy registration on HSS;

o Beneficiary Administration

o Beneficiary list must accompany Business Plan

o Identification

o application submission

o physical verification

Procurement of service provider

o Compilation of specifics

o Advertise

o Evaluate

o Adjudicate

o Appointment of the service provider

o Signing of agreement between municipality and service provider

Programme management including cash flow projection and management; and

technical quality assurance.

79

To develop and implement a Housing Consumer Education Programme;

To ensure the effective exercise of these functions, the Frances Baard District Municipality

has the following roles and responsibilities:

In terms of relevant guidelines, to prepare, and submit an approved Housing Sector Plan to the

Department and to ensure that the Housing Sector Plan is:

adopted as part of the Municipality’s Integrated Development Plan and budget;

integrated into the Municipality’s Performance Management System;

aligned with other strategic planning frameworks of the Municipality, such as the Spatial

Development Framework, the Infrastructure Master Plan, the Water Services

Development Plan, Informal Settlements Management Plan, the Environmental

Management Plan and the Integrated Transport Plan;

to put in place the required, or to utilize existing, municipal capacity and systems to

perform the accredited functions, including: budget tracking; document management;

reporting; project tracking; procedures and operations manual; municipal housing

subsidy system; and cash-flow tracking;

to assist the municipalities in identifying suitable land for the development of integrated

human settlements;

to mobilize appropriate resources in order to ensure the development of integrated

human settlements

to make available at the requirement of the Auditor-General for examination all books,

registers and documents in the possession of and under the control of any municipal

employee which would facilitate the carrying out of such an audit;

in the performance of its accredited functions, carry out the policy directives of the MEC

consistent with national housing policy, including the rules of any applicable national

housing programme;

to report to the MEC on the activities of the Municipality in terms of the approved Housing

Sector Plan and in terms of any other requirements stipulated by the MEC;

80

to report in terms of both the DoRA and the Municipal Finance Management Act

(MFMA), 2003 (Act No. 56 of 2003) requirements;

to report to the MEC any allegations of fraud or corruption associated with the

administration of national housing programmes on behalf of the MEC;

to report to the MEC any risks associated with the administration of national housing

programmes and to inform the MEC of mitigating actions that have been undertaken by

the municipality; and

to inform the MEC of any support and capacity requirements for the administration of

the national housing programmes.

to provide technical and administrative support to non-accredited municipalities in its

district in areas where they lack adequate capacity in terms of human settlements

developments

to act as the entry point for human settlements development in its district for non-

accredited municipalities; and

to enter into service level agreements with non-accredited municipalities in terms of the

type and level of support it will provide as contemplated.

Public Participation

The Constitution stipulates that one of the objectives of municipalities is “to encourage the

involvement of communities and community organizations in the matters of local government”.

The White Paper for Local Government (WPLG) emphasizes the issue of public participation (not

only in municipal planning). It goes into some detail on how to achieve public participation and

of the role local government has to play to ensure the involvement of citizens in policy formulation

and designing of municipal programmes, as well as implementation and monitoring and

evaluation of such programmes. Public participation is meant to promote local democracy. While

the WPLG emphasizes that the municipalities themselves should develop appropriate strategies

and mechanisms to ensure participation, some hints on how are given, such as.

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Chapter 4 of the Municipal Systems Act stipulates that all municipalities must develop a culture of

participatory governance. This implies that municipalities need to ensure that all its residents are

at all times well informed about the affairs of the municipality. Opportunities should therefore be

created for the general public to take part in the decision making of the council.

Since the IDP is the strategic plan of a municipality, indicating the distribution of limited resources,

it makes sense to plan with residents in order to ensure that their needs are address with a sole

purpose of improving their living conditions. Mechanisms must therefore be created to allow

residents within a municipality to participate in the planning process of development projects.

82

8. PERFORMANCE MANAGEMENT

Performance Management System is a system that is intended to manage and monitor service

delivery progress against the identified strategic objectives and priorities. It is a system through

which the municipality sets targets, monitors, assesses and reviews the organisational and

individual’s employees performance, based on municipality’s priorities, objectives and measures

derived from the municipal integrated development plan.

A Performance Management System enables the municipality to conduct a proper planning,

measuring, monitoring, reviewing and reporting on its performance.

The main principles of Performance Management System are that it should:

1. Drive change and improve the performance of the organisations

2. Focus the organisations work on its priorities

3. Measure the organisations overall performance against set objectives

4. Align strategic objectives and priorities with individual work plans

5. Identify success as well as failure and ,

6. Identify good practice and learning from other successes

The Human Settlements Plan, like all other sector plans of the IDP, is subjected to the evaluation

and review process. The purpose is to establish whether the targets as in the form of objectives

have been achieved. In cases where no tangible results have been made, it then becomes

important to establish the reasons thereof. It is during this stage that some strategies may be

changed in order to achieve the desired results. In conclusion, as Human Settlements Plan is a

component of the IDP, it needs to be reviewed as well during the main IDP review process.

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9. APPROVAL

The approval of the Human Settlement Sector Plan together with the Human Settlement Chapter

of the IDP is a regulatory requirement, expected at the end of the IDP review process .

The Human Settlement Sector plan together with the broader district IDP must be circulated to the

other spheres and sectors of government in order to determine their contributions to the

implementation of the IDP and its Housing Chapter and the alignment with their sector policies,

strategies and programmes.

The final documents are approved by the municipal council.

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10. CONCLUDING REMARKS

The IDP planning process compel the Municipalities to compile sector plans for various

development sectors. Also as part of IDPs, the Housing Act 107 of 1997 stipulates that municipalities

should compile housing strategies and targets. The plan will serve as a guiding framework for the

strategic engagement of the municipality in housing development. The need for Human

Settlements Plans arises from a concern that, in most municipalities, the Integrated Development

Planning (IDP) process inadequately address issues related to the provision of housing.

In terms of Section 9(1) of the National Housing Act 107 0f 1997, every municipality must as part of

the municipality’s process of Integrated Development Planning (IDP) take all reasonable and

necessary steps to ensure that the inhabitants within its area of jurisdiction have access to

adequate housing on a progressive basis by setting housing delivery goals, identifying suitable

land for human settlements development and planning, facilitating, initiating and coordinating

human settlements development in its area of jurisdiction.

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Department of Cooperative Governance and Human Settlements Traditional Affairs. (2011).

Provincial Strategic development Framework (SDF). Kimberley. (2011).

Frances Baard District Municipality IDP

Frances Baard District Municipality SDF 2013

HDA 2015 : Provincial Human Settlements Strategy

Magareng Local Municipality. (2015). IDP.

Magareng Local Municipality. (2015). IDP Draft review.

Phokwane Local Municipality. (2015). IDP.

Phokwane Local Municipality ( 2015) SDF

Sol Plaatje Local Municipality. (2015). IDP.

The local government handbook. Stats SA. (2011).

Stats SA Census Data 2011

Stats SA Community Survey 2016

Dikgatlong Local Municipality Integrated Development Plan. 2012-2017.

Financial and Fiscal Commission. 2012. Report on the Public Hearings on Housing Finance.

Frances Baard District Municipality Integrated Development Plan 2012-2017.

Magareng Local Municipality Integrated Development Plan. 2012-2017.

Magareng Spatial Development Framework- 2008.

Northern Cape Strategy and Programme for the Upgrading of Informal Settlements, 2014.

Northern Cape Provincial Spatial Development Framework, 2012.

Phokwane Local Municipality Integrated Development Plan. 2012-2017.

Phokwane Local Municipality: Strategy and Programme for the Upgrading of Informal Settlements

Housing Sector Plan Manual for Local Municipalities.

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human settlements sector plan...

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