humanitarian food security appeal for tajikistan 2008 … · web viewsample of organisations...

SAMPLE OF ORGANISATIONS PARTICIPATING IN CONSOLIDATED APPEALS

AARRECACFACTEDADRAAfricareAMI-FranceARCASBASIAVSICARECARITASCEMIR INTERNATIONALCESVICFACHFCHFICISVCMACONCERNConcern UniversalCOOPICORDAIDCOSV

CRSCWSDanchurchaidDDGDiakonie Emergency AidDRCEM-DHFAOFARFHIFinnchurchaidFrench RCFSDGAAGOALGTZGVCHandicap InternationalHealthNet TPOHELPHelpAge InternationalHKIHorn Relief

HTHumedicaIAILOIMCINTERMONInternewsINTERSOSIOMIPHDIRIRCIRDIRINIRWIslamic RWJOINJRSLWFMalaria ConsortiumMalteserMercy CorpsMDA

MDMMEDAIRMENTORMERLINNCANPANRCOCHAOHCHROXFAMPA (formerly ITDG)PACTPAIPlanPMU-IPURC/GermanyRCOSamaritan's PurseSECADEVSolidaritésSUDOTEARFUND

TGHUMCORUNAIDSUNDPUNDSSUNEPUNESCOUNFPAUN-HABITATUNHCRUNICEFUNIFEMUNJLCUNMASUNOPSUNRWAVISWFPWHOWorld ConcernWorld ReliefWVZOA

TABLE OF CONTENTS

1. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY...................................................................................................................................1

Table I. Summary of Requirements – By Sector...............................................................................................3Table II. Summary of Requirements – By Appealing Organisation...................................................................3Table III. Summary of Requirements – By Priority............................................................................................4

2. THE 2008 COMMON HUMANITARIAN ACTION PLAN..................................................................................5

2.1 THE CONTEXT AND HUMANITARIAN NEEDS ANALYSIS......................................................................................52.1.A The Context.......................................................................................................................................52.1.B Humanitarian needs analysis............................................................................................................8

2.2 SCENARIOS...............................................................................................................................................10

2.3 STRATEGIC PRIORITIES FOR HUMANITARIAN RESPONSE..............................................................................11

3. RESPONSE PLANS........................................................................................................................................12

3.1 FOOD SECURITY (LEAD AGENCY – WORLD FOOD PROGRAMME [WFP] & FAO)..........................................123.2 COORDINATION AND SUPPORT SERVICES (LEAD – RESIDENT COORDINATOR)..............................................14

4. STRATEGIC MONITORING PLAN.................................................................................................................16

5. CRITERIA FOR SELECTION AND PRIORITISATION OF PROJECTS........................................................16

6. SUMMARY: STRATEGIC FRAMEWORK......................................................................................................20

Table IV. List of Projects – By Sector..............................................................................................................21Table V. List of Projects – By Appealing Organisation....................................................................................23

7. PROJECTS..................................................................................................................................................... 26

ANNEX I. MAP OF FOOD SECURITY SITUATION IN URBAN AND RURAL AREAS.....................................46

ANNEX II. MAIN DIFFICULTIES THIS YEAR COMPARED TO LAST – HOUSEHOLD SURVEY.....................48

ANNEX III. COMPOUND CRISIS GRAPH.............................................................................................................49

ANNEX IV. DONOR RESPONSE TO THE COMPOUND CRISES FLASH APPEL FEBRUARY 2008................50

ANNEX V. INTERNATIONAL FEDERATION OF RED CROSS AND RED CRESCENT SOCIETIES................52

ANNEX VI. ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS..................................................................................................53

iii

TAJIKISTAN – HUMANITARIAN FOOD SECURITY APPEAL

1. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

Tajikistan has experienced a series of economic, environmental, and social shocks over the last two years, which have increased food insecurity and reduced the capacity of the most vulnerable to deal with further shocks.

Beginning in 2007, the food security status of rural populations began to deteriorate markedly due to rising fuel prices, which in turn led to higher transportation and food costs across the country. Continued drought in the spring and summer of 2007 and a locust invasion in 2008 further stretched the capacities of households to successfully cope with their increasing food insecurity.

Against the backdrop of increased food insecurity in early 2008, Tajikistan experienced the worst winter in 44 years1. Heavy snowfall isolated communities and severe weather hampered travel between major commercial centres. Temperatures ranged from -15°C to -25°C for extended periods. The exceptionally cold weather caused breakdowns in the country’s aged energy infrastructure and water supply systems. Heating was limited in urban areas while the price of heating increased in rural areas. Essential services were also affected with many health facilities and schools forced to close. The combined effects and impact of these conditions on vulnerable populations was particularly acute. The price of bread and cooking oil doubled during this period, while prices for most other basic commodities increased by 50%. The cost of petrol, diesel, gas, and electricity has also been rising steadily since last autumn. The economic impact was also severe, with an estimated 50% reduction in growth during the first quarter of 2008, further reducing people’s livelihood opportunities2.

In response, an appeal for US$3 25 million was launched in February 2008 to cover the needs of two million people. By August 2008, a total of $14 million was mobilised in response to the appeal, including some $5.6 million from the Central Emergency Response Fund (CERF). A further 21 million was raised outside the framework of the appeal. The response activities carried out with this funding helped to alleviate suffering, sustain minimum essential services, mitigate further disease outbreaks and avoid further deterioration in nutritional status. Concurrently, the government of Tajikistan engaged in multi-lateral negotiations with neighboring countries for fuel assistance.

The coldest winter in 44 years was followed by record high temperatures in spring and summer. The World Meteorological Organization (WMO) data show that from April onwards, temperatures, across the country have been significantly higher than normal. According to Ministry of Agriculture (MoA) and Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) analysis it is estimated the dry/hot conditions will cause a 40% reduction in agricultural output in 2008.

Joint food security, livelihoods, agriculture and nutrition needs assessments conducted at the end of April in rural areas and in June 2008 in urban areas, found some 2.2 million people (34% of the rural population and 37% of the urban population) to be food insecure, of which approximately 800,000 are severely food insecure (including a very poor food intake) and require immediate support to ensure a minimally adequate level of nutrition.

The appeal has been prepared in consultation with the Government of Tajikistan, donors, and jointly by the UN agencies and NGOs involved in relief activities. The immediate aim of the appeal is to provide a temporary safety net to the most vulnerable poor people in urban and rural areas through the provision of food and cash. The appeal also aims to avoid a prolonged relief situation by supporting the agriculture sector through the next planting and harvest cycle and the rehabilitation of critical infrastructure.

While the food security situation is the most immediate concern and the focus of the present appeal, additional funding may be later required to fill gaps in the Government’s plan of action for the winter and to deal with the potential humanitarian impacts of continuing drought conditions. A multi-sectoral preparedness plan is being developed and early warning indicators are being closely monitored. This will feed into the regular monitoring of the response to the humanitarian needs and the appeal will be expanded to reflect new needs if necessary. With its current focus mainly on food security, this is not

1 Tajik Hydro-Meteorological Agency. 2 IMF Country Report No. 08/197 June 2008.3 All dollar signs in this document denote United States dollars. Funding for this appeal should be reported to the Financial Tracking Service (FTS, [email protected]), which will display its requirements and funding on the CAP 2008 page.

1


a classic consolidated appeal, but may be converted into one if and when other sector plans are added.The duration of the appeal is 15 months, from October 2008 to December 2009, and the total amount needed is $34,746,555. Funding for the emergency humanitarian needs in this Humanitarian Appeal is also being sought from the CERF.

Some basic facts about TajikistanMost recent data

Population 6.7 million people (UNFPA 2007)Under 5 mortality 68 per 1,000 (UNICEF 2005)Life expectancy 66.3 years (UNDP HDR 2007)Gross national income per capita $390 (World Bank Key Development Data & Statistics

2005)Percentage of population living on less than $1.33

per day53% (TLSS 2008)

Proportion of population without sustainable access to an improved drinking water source

41% (UNDP HDR 2007)

ECHO Vulnerability and Crisis Index score (V/C)

2/1

2006 UNDP Human Development Index score 0.673; 122nd of 177 (medium human development)

2


Table I. Summary of Requirements - By Sector

TABLE I: TAJIKISTAN HUMANITARIAN FOOD SECURITY APPEAL 2008-2009Summary of Requirements – By Sector

As of 19 September 2008http://www.reliefweb.int/fts

Compiled by OCHA on the basis of information provided by the respective appealing organisation.

Sector Full Requirements$

CERF approved grants

$

Unmet Requirements

$

AGRICULTURE 13,616,842 - 13,616,842

COORDINATION AND SUPPORT SERVICES

580,154 - 580,154

FOOD 17,796,000 1,610,800 16,185,200

HEALTH 2,753,559 - 2,753,559

Total 34,746,555 1,610,800 33,135,755Table II. Summary of Requirements – By Appealing Organisation

TABLE II: TAJIKISTAN HUMANITARIAN FOOD SECURITY APPEAL 2008-2009Summary of Requirements – By Appealing Organisation



Organisation Full Requirements$


$

Unmet requirements

$

ACTED 670,430 - 670,430

AKFT 687,600 - 687,600

Caritas Switzerland 1,306,000 - 1,306,000

DWH 2,403,000 - 2,403,000

FAO 6,250,000 - 6,250,000

ME 151,634 - 151,634

Mercy Corps 1,096,678 - 1,096,678

OCHA 195,054 - 195,054

SC 1,200,000 - 1,200,000

STAR 536,000 - 536,000

UNICEF 914,105 - 914,105

WFP 18,181,100 1,610,800 16,570,300

WHO 1,154,954 - 1,154,954

TOTAL 34,746,555 1,610,800 33,135,755

The list of projects and the figures for their funding requirements in this document are a snapshot as of 19 September 2008. For continuously updated information on projects, funding requirements, and contributions to date, visit the Financial Tracking Service (www.reliefweb.int/fts).

3

http://www.reliefweb.int/fts



Table III. Summary of Requirements - By Priority

TABLE III: TAJIKISTAN HUMANITARIAN FOOD SECURITY APPEAL 2008-2009Summary of Requirements – By Priority



Priority Full Requirements$


$

Unmet Requirements

$

Priority 1 23,801,488 1,610,800 22,190,688

Priority 2 8,625,064 - 8,625,064

Priority 3 2,320,003 - 2,320,003

Total 34,746,555 1,610,800 33,135,755

The list of projects and the figures for their funding requirements in this document are a snapshot as of 19 September 2008. For continuously updated information on projects, funding requirements, and contributions to date, visit the Financial Tracking Service (www.reliefweb.int/fts).

4



2. THE 2008 COMMON HUMANITARIAN ACTION PLAN

2.1 THE CONTEXT AND HUMANITARIAN NEEDS ANALYSIS 2.1.A The Context Tajikistan has made considerable progress over the last ten years; however, it is the poorest of the former Soviet republics and, indeed, is one of the poorest countries in the world. Only ten percent of its territory is suitable for cultivation; 90% is covered by mountains. 53%4 of the population is living below the poverty line, on less than $1.33 per person per day, 17% of whom are considered extremely poor subsisting on less than 85 cents a day5. Tajikistan is ranked 122nd out of 177 on the UN Human Development Index.

A former republic of the Soviet Union, Tajikistan declared independence in 1991. Almost immediately after independence the country was devastated by a bitter civil war which lasted from 1992 to 1997. Cross-border spillovers from the conflict in Afghanistan and insurgency campaigns by the Islamic Movement of Uzbekistan continued to cause security and access concerns in some parts of the country until as late as 2001. The civil war severely damaged an already weak economic infrastructure and caused a sharp decline in industrial and agricultural production.

Aside from labour, the country has relatively few exports (the most significant being cotton and aluminium), limited domestic industry and is a net importer of food. Relief programmes that had become a semi-permanent part of assistance to Tajikistan post-independence began to phase out in 2004-2006, and assistance has increasingly shifted to long-term development. Between 1993 and 2008, Tajikistan received some $570 million in humanitarian assistance6. During this same period, the country received more than two billion US dollars in official development aid7.

Agriculture is a major component of the economy, representing 24% of gross domestic product (GDP), 66% of employment, 26% of exports and 39% of tax revenue. Agriculture has been important in the post-war economic recovery, but recent analysis shows that the sector growth is not sustainable, due in part to the land distribution, water and irrigation practices and policies. However, in the absence of a vibrant non-farm sector and alternative employment, agriculture is still the main livelihood of rural families (64% of the population), who produce food for their own consumption and to a limited extent for sale on urban markets.

The unofficial unemployment rate is estimated at 48.2%8, and remittances from labour migration are a major source of household income. As a consequence of such migration, Tajikistan has the highest number of female-headed households compared to other central asian countries. This exacerbates already existing gender inequalities and puts additional burdens on women who are disproportionately affected by poverty and discrimination.

Furthermore, natural disasters such as earthquakes, landslides, mudflows, avalanches, and floods occur regularly in Tajikistan. Faced with this reality, the government, donors, UN agencies and NGOs established the REACT. REACT coordinates the international emergency response. It is chaired by the Government’s Committee of Emergency Situations (CoES). The UN Resident Coordinator acts as an ad hoc co-chair in the event of a disaster. Following the global cluster approach, REACT is subdivided into sectoral groups for which UN agencies and international NGOs provide coordination support. Assessments, analysis, the development of strategic priorities and response plans are carried out within the framework of the REACT clusters.

Tajikistan has experienced a variety of economic, environmental, and social shocks over the last two years, which have fostered increasing concerns about food insecurity and overall coping mechanism of the population.

Beginning in 2006, hail storms and drought resulted in poor agricultural harvests, particularly in rural mountainous areas with limited or no access to irrigation systems that rely on rain-fed irrigation. Rising world food prices and increasing fuel prices in late 2007 spurred higher transportation and food

4 Tajikistan Living Standards Survey 2007. 5 World Bank, Tajikistan Living Standards Survey preliminary results, 2007.6 OCHA Financial Tracking. 7 Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development/Development Assistance Committee (DAC/OECD).8 UNESCO 2008. National Report on Adult Education.

5

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islamic_Movement_of_Uzbekistan

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islamic_Movement_of_Uzbekistan

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Afghanistan

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Civil_War_in_Tajikistan

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soviet_Union


costs across the country, leading to a perceptible deterioration in the food security of rural populations. Continued drought in the spring and summer of 2007, as well as a locust invasion further stretched the capacities of households to successfully cope with their increasing food insecurity.

An estimated 12.2%9 of the population have migrated primarily to the Russian Federation to seek work opportunities. Central Bank data shows that remittances during the first half of 2008 have increased exponentially compared to the same period in previous years, suggesting that migration is one of the key coping strategies of families in distress. During the first six months of 2008, more than one billion US dollars was sent home in the form of remittances. Without the flow of remittances the impacts of shocks would be far more severe.

Against the backdrop of increased food insecurity, in early 2008, Tajikistan experienced the worst winter in 44 years. Heavy snowfall isolated communities and severe weather hampered travel between major commercial centres. Temperatures ranged from -15°C to -25°C for extended periods. The exceptionally cold weather had several impacts: Damaged or destroyed agricultural assets (e.g., crops, orchards and livestock); The aging energy infrastructure collapsed under the demand for electrical power to heat urban

centres; Inadequate heating for urban poor and increased cost of heating fuels in rural areas; Damaged rural and urban water supply systems due to frozen pipes and pressure surges from

on again-off again electrical supplies further adding to existing problems with the availability of safe drinking water and sanitation;

Reduced access to basic health care services as many hospitals and health centres closed or worked during restricted hours, and in some cases discharged patients as the severe weather further limited the availability of electricity and running water in medical centres.

The impact of these conditions on vulnerable populations was particularly acute. Vulnerable households in rural areas saw their limited stocks of food and seed destroyed. In urban areas the most vulnerable were forced to spend their income on alternative heating, leaving less for food. Young children and the elderly were most affected by the cold weather. Mass care facilities such as orphanages, support facilities for street children and homes for the elderly struggled to maintain a minimum level of service. Education was severely disrupted with many schools closing or operating in temperatures below freezing. Attendance records dropped between 40 to 50%10.

Women, who already shoulder the heaviest work loads at the household level, were faced with additional burdens in accessing alternative fuel and water, trying to provide adequate sanitation, and looking after sick or elderly family members. At the same time, the price of bread and cooking oil

9 World Bank Fact Book.10 UNICEF country office data.

6


doubled, while prices for most other basic commodities increased by 50%. The prices of petrol, diesel, gas and electricity also rose steadily.

Government, civil society and international partners responded by using available in-country resources such as medical supplies, blankets, food, plastic sheeting and warm winter clothing. These resources were inadequate to meet the large needs of rural and urban populations. At the request of the Government of Tajikistan an appeal for assistance was launched on 18 February, seeking $25 million, to address the needs of some two million people through the combined interventions of 12 organisations. At the end of the appeal period, August 2008, a total of $14 million was mobilised in response to the appeal and a further 21 million was donated outside the framework of the appeal.

The resources that were mobilised through the Flash Appeal in combination with ongoing relief programmes allowed the Food Security Cluster to assist over 515,000 people between January and May 2008. The Health Cluster assisted local health authorities to address priority needs, including the provision of essential medicines, generators and heating supplies for hospitals that provided essential health services for 120,000 people in the most affected regions. The Water Sanitation and Hygiene (WASH) Cluster assisted 150,000 beneficiaries directly and over 500,000 indirectly to address urgent needs. The Education Cluster provided assistance to 386 schools in the five most severely affected districts, while the Shelter and Non-Food Items (SNFI) Cluster provided assistance to over 100,000 people.

The emergency response helped alleviate suffering, sustain minimum essential services, mitigate further disease outbreaks and avoid further deterioration in nutritional status. However, the economy was badly affected, with an estimated 50% reduction in growth during the first quarter of 2008. People lost assets and livelihood opportunities, leaving them more vulnerable to future shocks.

In the short term, the humanitarian country team is concerned about the potential consequences of the current extremely dry conditions in Tajikistan. The unprecedented winter was followed by record high temperatures in spring and summer. WMO data shows that from April onwards, temperatures across the country have been significantly higher than normal. In southern Tajikistan particularly, temperatures deviated more than +5ºC from the norm. Precipitation has been significantly lower than normal and in some cases as much as 43%11 below average.

Tajikistan’s southern neighbour Afghanistan is already suffering from severe drought and officials in the drought-stricken Northern provinces have called for urgent humanitarian assistance to the affected communities. While actual harvest data is now being collected in Tajikistan, a recent Crop Monitoring Food Security Report from July 2008 states that the winter wheat yield will be 0.5 to 0.9 t/ha – at par with the major drought years of 1999-200012. It is estimated that there will be a 40% reduction in agricultural output in 200813. Preparations are also under way to avoid an additional shock this winter if the country was to suffer from a similar breakdown in infrastructure and basic services as happened last winter. The

11 Hydromet Data.12 FAO data.13 FAO assessments

7


Government of Tajikistan has put in place a 64 point plan of action14 to address the expected cold weather and energy shortfalls this winter.

The Government’s plan is a result of a call by the President to ensure that the situation the country faced last winter is not repeated. The points covered in the plan are based on lessons learned from last winter and are focused on the maintenance and upgrading of existing heating/electrical systems, improving the management of energy systems (e.g., reducing energy-related debt, increasing energy-related income, increasing the installation of metres), repairs to water and sanitation systems, and public education on energy consumption. These actions are designed to ensure that there is an adequate supply of heat and water to hospitals, schools, kindergartens, and households.

2.1.B Humanitarian needs analysis Immediate humanitarian needs: Food SecurityDespite the appearance of steady economic growth a significant proportion of the population of Tajikistan remains food insecure. The latest assessments indicate an increasing number and proportion of food insecure individuals over a three year period of observation. Approximately 800,000 people in Tajikistan are currently classified as severely food insecure, while an additional 1.3 million people are moderately food insecure. Both the severe and moderately food insecure consume insufficient balanced nutritious food for a healthy productive life and would require assistance to attain minimally adequate Humanitarian Charter and Minimum Standards in Disaster Response (SPHERE) Standards for food consumption.

A rural joint food security, livelihoods, agriculture and nutrition needs assessment carried out by the Food Security Cluster and the Government in April/May 2008, found 12% of the rural population (0.6 million) to be severally food insecure with a food consumption highly likely to be below the standard food intake requirement of 2,100 Kcal/day, compounded by low and unreliable income sources; another 22% (1.1 million) were moderately food insecure, with a diet still low in kilocalories and nutritional quality, and low or irregular incomes. Even more alarming, a similar assessment of urban areas in June 2008 revealed that 15% of the people were severely food insecure (0.2 million) and 22% (0.3 million) were moderately food insecure. These findings put some 2.2 million people – 34% of the rural population (1.7 million) and 37% (0.5 million) of the urban population in a seriously compromised nutritional and economic situation.

Not surprisingly, there appears to be a direct correlation between persons who are food insecure and persons living below the poverty line. Rural households reported spending as much as 80% of their

14 http://www. untj. org/files/React/Plan_of_action.pdf .

8


income on food. The World Bank Living Standards Survey reported in November 2007 that 25% of severely food insecure people passed entire days without eating. A third reported they consumed their seed stocks due to lack of food, 15% sold off livestock to meet their urgent need for cash, and 13% took children out of school because the costs of uniforms, books and fees were beyond their means.

Bread prices on the local market provide a graphic example of the meteoric rise in wheat prices in Tajikistan beginning in the second quarter 2007. In contrast to the cumulative world price increases which began to slow in the second quarter 2008, prices in Tajikistan continued to climb. This can be attributed in part to the sudden export ban in April 2008 on wheat from Kazakhstan, one of Tajikistan’s primary suppliers. Bread is the main staple in the Tajik diet and the tripled cost of this simple commodity has been a severe shock to households.

In rural areas, chronic malnutrition among children (27% stunted) has not diminished in three years, and the prevailing food insecurity situation and inadequate food consumption is likely to reinforce existing vitamin and mineral deficiencies. Children suffering from acute malnutrition (4.7% wasted in rural areas) suffer from a combination of very poor diet and infections. Harmful feeding practices for children between 6-24 months put them at high risk for serious and irreparable damage to their health and growth. Previous nutritional surveys on women and children also indicated significant Iodine, Vitamin A and Iron deficiencies.

The result of severe winter, drought conditions, locust infestation, and insufficient agricultural input is an expected 40% reduction in agricultural output in 2008 (30% of wheat, 35% of potato, 14% of vegetables and 40% of fruit stocks). This comes on top production losses in 2006/200715.

In addition, these shocks have had an impact on the livestock, which represents an integral part of food and livelihood security for millions of people living in rural areas. Livestock is the main food safety net at household level, covering essential food needs. It is often used as financial buffer in times of hardship. A harsh winter followed by a drought means very little free-range fodder for animals. Wasting and near-starvation is visible in the livestock population, with many animals unlikely to survive until winter. In such conditions, the livestock farmers will probably sell their remaining livestock as a coping mechanism to avert hunger and the production of milk and dairy products will be reduced drastically further deteriorating the nutrition situation of the people in the country.

It is clear that reform and major investment in the agriculture and food production sectors are needed to achieve adequate food security in Tajikistan, at both the macro and micro level. Such initiatives should particularly focus on the allocation, ownership and usage of land, freedom to farm and micro credit. However, until this is implemented and adequate levels of food security are achieved, high vulnerability and both chronic and transitory food insecurity will continue in Tajikistan and this situation

15 Government and FAO assessments.

9


will need to be addressed through a combination of food, agricultural and cash-based support activities for the most vulnerable groups.

The High Level Task Force (HLTF) on Global Food Crisis, consisting of the heads of UN system agencies, funds and programmes, the World Bank, the International Monetary Fund (IMF) and the World Trade Organization (WTO), has included Tajikistan in a list of 26 countries16 that have been most affected by the Global Food Crisis to be covered under the Comprehensive Framework for Action (CFA).

Likely additional humanitarian needs: drought and winter preparedness Potential humanitarian impact of the drought: Tajikistan already suffers from a chronic lack of clean water supply as result of aging or non-operating infrastructure. Only 47%17 of the population in Tajikistan has access to safe drinking water. In rural areas of only 20% of the population receive water from centralised water supply systems. The rest of the population gets its water supply from a variety of potentially unsafe sources, such as springs, wells, bore holes, ditches, and canals. A prolonged drought will not only have an impact on agricultural production, as stated earlier, but could also compound existing water supply issues for large number of vulnerable people in Tajikistan.

The impact of the current dry conditions is being closely monitored by the humanitarian community. A continuation of dry conditions will likely require humanitarian intervention on the part of WASH cluster, in particular, to ensure that those most at risk have access to the minimum global standard, 15 litres of clean water per person/per day.

Winter preparedness: REACT partners are closely monitoring the implementation of the Government’s plan, which is mainly targeted at infrastructure rather than at the household level. A preparedness plan is being developed to take into account potential gaps in the Government’s plan. In particular, preparedness planning is focusing on support to critical health care facilities, schools and targeting assistance to vulnerable households in the form of shelter and heating materials for “one warm room”. A set of early warning indicators are also being developed to ensure a timely response on the part of the humanitarian community to any potential gaps. Delays in the implementation of the Government’s plan of action or gaps in assisting vulnerable communities will require additional funding to respond to expected humanitarian needs in the Health, Education, WASH and Shelter and NFI Clusters.

2.2 SCENARIOS Best case scenario In the best case scenario, the regional socio-political environment will remain stable. Global wheat prices will not significantly increase and fuel prices and imports will be relatively constant. Remittances to offset household expenses will remain stable or increase. However, household reserves at best will still be low. The government’s plan of action for winter preparedness will be implemented according to schedule. The winter will be relatively mild and no additional natural disaster will occur. In this scenario, the already identified severely food insecure people will still need assistance, while the moderately food insecure will be able to cope. Indicators for this scenario are: favourable weather conditions; limited reduction in autumn crop production; no import or export restrictions; stable domestic and global market prices for food and fuel; stable remittances; and the government’s winter preparedness plan is largely implemented.

Most likely scenario In the most likely scenario, it is assumed that crop production will be lower than average due to drought conditions, which combined with an increase in prices, will drive up the number of food insecure households. Coping capacities of the most vulnerable will be further eroded and their assets base weakened. Pockets of vulnerability will expand and will require proper identification and humanitarian response. Remittances will remain fairly stable. The government’s plan of action for winter preparedness will result in less energy cuts during the critical winter months but these cuts will still be significant. The winter will be normal. Indicators for this scenario are: a reduction in autumn crop production; increased domestic and global market prices for food and fuel; an increase in harmful coping strategies, such as slaughtering or sale of cattle and consumption of seeds meant for planting;

16 HLTF Proposed Countries for Initiating the CFA.17 Oxfam - “Water Management in Tajikistan” December 2007.

10


stable remittances; the government’s winter preparedness plan is largely implemented; favourable weather conditions; and an increase in malnutrition rates.

Worst case scenarioIn the worst case scenario, the autumn crop production will be poor due to persistent drought conditions. Continued price increases of basic commodities will further deteriorate the food security situation. Remittances may decrease. Despite government’s winter preparedness efforts, infrastructure will remain largely non-functioning causing continued problems with electricity and water supply and provision of basic health services. The winter may be very harsh again, blocking roads and isolating communities. Additional natural disasters may occur (e.g, avalanches, and spring floods). The potential humanitarian consequences of this scenario will be an increase in severe food insecurity. Households will be confronted with higher than usual expenses, while price increases will further erode their purchasing power. Ultimately, the combination of increased food insecurity, a second harsh winter, dysfunctional infrastructure, and eroded coping capacities will result in an increase in preventable loss of life. Indicators for this scenario are: reduced crop production; sharply increased prices for food and fuel; a decrease in remittances; an increase in harmful coping strategies, such as slaughtering or sale of cattle and consumption of seeds meant for planting and severe reduction in the amount and quality of food consumed; an increase in infectious diseases and malnutrition; delays in the implementation of government’s winter preparedness plan; drought conditions; low water levels in the dams; cuts in energy supplies from neighbouring countries; extremely cold temperatures for a prolonged period; above normal snowfall for a prolonged period; high number of avalanches; closure of hospitals, mass care facilities, orphanages and schools.

The response outlined below is based on the most likely scenario but close monitoring of early warning indicators and continuous efforts on preparedness initiatives will continue.

2.3 STRATEGIC PRIORITIES FOR HUMANITARIAN RESPONSE The strategic priorities have been agreed by REACT in consultation with the Government of Tajikistan, donors and agencies involved in relief and development activities. They take into account current humanitarian needs as well as likely developments during 2008 and 2009 based on the scenarios that have been developed. The strategy and key indicators determined by these priorities are further detailed in the sector response plans that follow in section 3.

Programmes will promote gender equality and will aim to ensure that all people affected by the crisis are acknowledged, participate in discussions on their needs and that their vulnerabilities are taken into account during planning and implementation. Activities will support the needs and concerns of women, girls, boys and men. The regular collection and analysis of age and sex-disaggregated data will aim at understanding and adjusting the impact of the humanitarian response on different groups. Equality will be promoted through equal participation and representation in the design, execution and access to assistance programmes.

The strict limitations of global humanitarian funding mechanisms require a focus on the immediate problems at hand. The need for more sustainable solutions is still considered an integral part of the humanitarian response planning but no appeal for funding will be made for longer-term interventions through the present mechanism. Existing longer-term funding tools in Tajikistan such as Joint Country Support Strategy (JCSS), United Nations Development Assistance Framework (UNDAF) and agency development programmes will be better placed to support these mid and longer-term interventions. However, since both the JCSS and UNDAF will not translate into new programmes before the end of 2009, humanitarian partners in Tajikistan have agreed that a bridging plan is needed to link current humanitarian actions with longer-term vulnerability reduction programmes. The humanitarian community in Tajikistan will, therefore, continue to advocate strongly for the need to urgently refocus developmental support towards the practical reduction of vulnerability.

Improve food access for 800,000 severely food insecure people in rural and urban areas between October 2008 and December 2009.

StrategyThe main cause of the current food insecurity situation in Tajikistan as identified in the joint rural and urban assessment is food access, i.e. ability to acquire food in sufficient quantity and of an appropriate

11


quality. Cluster members have, therefore, proposed interventions which are geared towards improving food access through a two-track approach: The immediate provision of food rations and cash transfers to the most severely food insecure

people, estimated at 800,000 persons with very limited assets and experiencing other constraints to secure adequate food intake;

The increase of household level food production through the provision of seeds and fertilisers, training and support to reduce crop losses and labour intensive public works (increased production may help lower prices).

Key Objectives Provision of time critical agricultural interventions to restore livelihood and food availability. Coverage of minimum food requirements of the severely food insecure population. Active nutritional surveillance to ensure early diagnosis and timely response. Prevention and treatment of malnutrition.

Expected Impact Restoration of agricultural production capacity of the most vulnerable households affected by

crop and/or seed losses. Improvement of food intake and dietary diversity of the severely food insecure. Stabilisation of acute malnutrition levels. Health and nutritional protection of groups particularly at risk.

3. RESPONSE PLANS

The response plans of the agricultural, food aid and nutrition sectors have been grouped together in this Appeal to clarify the prioritisation of beneficiaries and their needs. This should help make the inter-linkages between sectors clearer, highlight cross-cutting needs, and make for stronger linkages between information and action. It should also improve analysis, give greater comparability of results from one sector to another, and give an increased and more immediate relevance to the Humanitarian Appeal’s strategic priority.

3.1 Food Security (Lead Agency – World Food Programme [WFP] & FAO) Needs AnalysisThe joint rural and urban food security, livelihoods, agriculture and nutrition assessments referred to earlier in this document confirmed that there are significant levels of food insecurity in Tajikistan, exacerbated by the harsh conditions of the winter 2007-2008, and the rising food and fuel prices.

Approximately 800,000 people are severely food insecure, and 1.3 million are moderately food insecure. The severe and moderately food insecure populations consume unbalanced and/or insufficient food for a healthy productive life and require assistance to attain the Sphere Standards for food consumption. In designing their response, the Food Security Cluster members have considered the planned government response, on-going programmes and new initiatives and interventions such as those by the World Bank, Centre for Agricultural Research in the Dry Areas (ICARDA), Islamic Development Bank (IsDB) and United States Agency for International Development (USAID)/Winrock.

Agricultural production was severely impacted by unusually cold weather. Government of Tajikistan/FAO assessments indicate that spring production losses were as high as 30% for wheat, 35% for potatoes, 14% for vegetables and 40% for fruit production. Damage to production continued through the spring planting season, with rainfall (key for winter and spring wheat crops) as low as 45% of average in some locations. Whilst actual harvest data is now being collected, a recent Crop Monitoring Food Security Report from July 2008 states that the winter wheat yield will be 0.5 to 0.9 t/ha – at par with the major drought years of 1999-2000.

Rates of illness, while not exclusively a result of food insecurity, are certainly exacerbated by it. The same zones that are severely food insecure reported proportionately more sick children last year during the distress period. Household illness compounds the threat to livelihoods as it incapacitates working adults, diverts remaining assets or requires the sale of assets for the purchase of medicines. Malnourished children are three times more susceptible to illness than are children of normal nutritional status. The 2008 assessments indicate that infant and child diets are of poor diversity and of low nutrient density. Iodine, Vitamin A and Iron have also be found to be lacking in the diets of

12


women and children in previous surveys. These deficiencies will continue to affect these groups by the time the next winter season arrives. This situation will not contribute to improve child and infant mortality rates, which remain high, at 79 and 65 deaths per 1,000 births, respectively.

In addition to health threats related to food insecurity, households’ livelihoods have suffered from the poor condition of livestock. A harsh winter followed by a drought means very little free-range fodder for animals. Wasting and near-starvation is visible in the livestock population. Animals that do not add bulk and receive some medical attention before the winter are unlikely to survive. The loss of one cow can devastate a family’s livelihood through the loss of dairy products for own consumption and loss of income from sales.

As mentioned, the main cause of the current food insecurity situation in Tajikistan as identified in the joint rural and urban assessments is food access, i.e., the ability to acquire food in sufficient quantity and of an appropriate quality. Cluster members have therefore proposed interventions which are geared towards improving food access through a two-track approach: on the one hand through the immediate provision of food rations and cash transfers to the severely food insecure people (most vulnerable), estimated at 800,000 persons with very limited assets and experiencing other constraints to secure adequate food intake; on the other hand, the delivery of assistance to increase food production at household level through the provision of seeds and fertilisers, training and support to reduce crop losses and labour intensive public works (increased production may help lower prices). Combined with the effects of an ongoing provision of agricultural inputs to small and medium size farms (IsDB and USAID) it is expected that next years harvest will significantly improve households’ food security in the country.

These interventions need to begin immediately to yield benefits in the spring 2009 harvest and beyond and reduce the need for repeated relief food and cash transfer to the severely food insecure. Immediate provision of seeds and fertilisers to the poorest households will also increase access of food after the next harvest and improve the agricultural resource basis through rehabilitation of fodder production and through community seed multiplication mechanisms.

Food Security Cluster members will focus primarily on responding to immediate humanitarian needs in the area of food consumption and nutrition and, in parallel, boosting agricultural production through supply of agricultural inputs and extension services. The Cluster objectives are to:1. provide a balanced nutritional food ration to the severely food insecure either through direct food

distributions or cash transfers;2. prevent and treat malnutrition via food supplements and feeding programmes;3. provide time critical agricultural inputs to restore livelihoods and food cultivation for those in a

position to employ the inputs.

Twelve organisations active in the food security sector are participating in this appeal with a total of 18 project proposals which address the above mentioned immediate food requirements, prevention and treatment of malnutrition and livelihood restoration through agricultural support. One project specifically focuses on monitoring the food security situation throughout the country.

The key objectives for the food security sector are to:1. provide supplementary and therapeutic food and micro-nutrients to 200,000 children under five

and 50,000 pregnant and lactating women;2. provide food and cash to approximately 800,000 severely food insecure people in urban and rural

areas;3. provide agricultural inputs (seeds, fertiliser and training) to approximately 373,000 severely food

insecure people in rural areas;4. provide overall agricultural support to the country in the form of a locust prevention, or eradication

campaign and expansion of areas under fodder crops;5. implement an improved food security monitoring system which provides quarterly updates on the

food security situation throughout the country;

The key sector-wide indicators for measuring progress towards objectives are:1. number of people assisted (people who received food, cash or agricultural inputs, malnourished

children who received ready-to-use therapeutic foods and micronutrient supplements and pregnant and lactating women who received micronutrient supplements);

2. amount of food, cash and amount of seeds and fertilisers distributed;3. number of people trained in improved agricultural techniques;

13


4. prevalence of malnutrition (stunting, wasting and bilateral pitting oedema) of children under-five;5. number of children treated in the therapeutic feeding centres; 6. micronutrient status of pregnant and lactating women;7. changes in the food consumption patterns, assets, coping strategies and other livelihood and food

security characteristics of beneficiary and non-beneficiary households (captured from the food security monitoring system and specific surveys);

8. number of analyses and reports provided by the improved food security monitoring system.

Implementation Monitoring: The Food Security Cluster is well established in Tajikistan and bi-monthly meetings are held in which partners share information on the progress and implementation of their respective projects. Minutes and other relevant updates are also posted on the Food Security Cluster web pages on the United Nations Tajikistan (UNTJ) website (www.untj.org) whilst at the coordination level, the REACT secretariat monitors closely the progress of the various clusters in the implementation of the humanitarian response.

In terms of monitoring the food security and nutrition situation, the Food Security Cluster members have in the past introduced a food security monitoring system which urgently requires further development and enhancement. A project proposal has been included in this appeal to address the shortcomings of the current system, ensure a more comprehensive system is implemented and food security and nutrition situation analyses and reports are produced and disseminated on a quarterly basis.

The implications of non-action: Failure to address the immediate food deficit needs of the most vulnerable groups will aggravate their already weakened health status, reduce their capacity to work, earn an income and produce food, render them more susceptible to illness, and in the case of women and small children, seriously compromise their survival. Harmful coping mechanisms will be increasingly used, including eating seed stock, selling productive assets at great financial loss drastically reducing the amount and quality of food consumed, and foregoing essential health and education expenditures.

Failure to address the immediate needs in the agricultural sector means a prolongation of the current situation without any improvement in the level of food production by the spring of 2009.

3.2 Coordination and Support Services (Lead – Resident Coordinator) Scaling up humanitarian response in Tajikistan requires additional support to the United Nations Resident Coordinator’s (RC) office/REACT to provide coordination services to humanitarian agencies in Tajikistan. RC office/REACT secretariat in Tajikistan would require additional technical assistance to ensure coordinated implementation of the appeal’s strategic objectives, improve information management and reporting on appeal related activities.

The deterioration in the humanitarian situation caused by recent shocks has increased the demand for coordination, information products and joint advocacy to ensure effective use of resources for the ultimate benefit of the vulnerable populations.

Additional assistance will support the interlinking of coordination, information and advocacy services to facilitate timely, efficient, effective and safe delivery of humanitarian assistance. It will also support the review and adjustment of current inter-agency and cluster coordination mechanisms with the aim of strengthening processes of consultation, transparency and accountability in line with the humanitarian reform agenda including through the strengthening of clusters, principles of partnership and review of humanitarian financing mechanisms. The Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (OCHA) will continue to support humanitarian coordination structures in Tajikistan through its Regional Office.

Objectives Ensure inclusive, accountable planning, information and secretariat services to support strong

coordination structures at country and district levels that support efficient and effective response to humanitarian needs.

Ensure dissemination of timely information products that support the humanitarian response by highlighting priority needs, gaps and overlaps.

Strengthen assessment of needs through a common approach to needs assessments, analysis and impact evaluation.

14

http://www.untj.org/


Ensure and refine strategic joint planning and advocacy to promote principles for humanitarian interventions and human rights.

Indicators Number of agencies participating in REACT meetings, cluster and ad hoc thematic meetings in

Dushanbe and district levels. Strategic Response plans agreed, implemented and monitored. Number of new and updated information products disseminated on a regular basis. Number of

tools developed and endorsed at the country level. Number of assessments performed and recorded. Number of meetings of the Steering

Committee. Number of information brochures, leaflets on Guiding Principles on Humanitarian Operations

disseminated. Systematised reporting on non adherence in place and followed up by REACT. Number of trainings/meetings on humanitarian principles and human rights standards held for

humanitarian partners, local authorities, etc. Participation of the Government.

Monitoring of Indicators and Objectives Records of meetings, minutes with clearly defined action points will be an integral part of the

ongoing meeting review. REACT meetings will continue to track operational programme challenges. Review and reflection of partner agencies will be regularly sought with a view to ameliorate platform output.

The UNTJ website will continue to track number of visitors and receive and respond to comments and suggestions. Regular in house reviews will also assess and refine the information on the website.

Advocacy for humanitarian principles and human rights standards can be tracked by monitoring reports.

Implications if this plan is not implemented Lack of coordination and information services will lead to poor conceptualisation, definition and

implementation of humanitarian support programmes, resulting in inefficient use of financial and human resources and more costly and poor quality service provision to the affected populations.

Ineffective advocacy and poor dissemination of key principles and advocacy standards such as the Guiding Principles for Humanitarian and Development Operations will decrease the effectively of lobbying efforts to improve humanitarian working conditions.

Engagement of the Government may be weakened.

15


4. STRATEGIC MONITORING PLAN

During its monthly meetings REACT will monitor its planning scenarios and indicators. Shifts in the humanitarian context may necessitate the need for an adaptation of the strategic priorities. REACT will draw on information received through the coordination mechanisms both at district level as well as at Dushanbe level.

Strategic priority Indicator Monitoring Methodology1. Improve

food access for an estimated 800,000 severely food insecure people between September 2008 and December 2009

Number of people assisted (people who received food, cash or agricultural inputs, children who received ready-to-use therapeutic foods and micronutrient supplements and women who received micronutrient supplements)

Monitoring by the Food Security Cluster and REACT Coordination Mechanism. Emergency food security assessments

Amount of food, cash and amount of seeds and fertilisers distributed

Monitoring by reports from implementing partners

Number of people trained in improved agricultural techniquesPrevalence of malnutrition (stunting, wasting and bilateral pitting oedema) of children under-five

Nutrition surveillance system

Number of children treated in the therapeutic feeding centresMicronutrient status of pregnant and lactating women

5. CRITERIA FOR SELECTION AND PRIORITISATION OF PROJECTS

The strategic priority for this Humanitarian Appeal is the immediate response to food insecurity. This priority was agreed upon consultation with the donors and government, under the guidance of REACT. After priority was agreed, focal agencies, under the Food Security Cluster, for food aid, agriculture and Nutrition drew up objectives to streamline interventions by way of suitable projects prepared by the UN and NGOs. The vetting of the submissions was done based on a number of criteria.

Projects were reviewed for their clarity and focus in meeting objectives set in the cluster. Geographic orientation was also reviewed, for example avoiding overlap in projects targeting the same district through partnership. Target beneficiaries, such as elderly, disabled, children, economically affected communities or other vulnerable groups were identified. Women-headed households were given special attention.

The assumption was that organisations would provide sufficient resources; staff and technical skills to meet the aims set forth in the field intervention within a period of 15 months, as well as keep costs in line with standard expenditures. All projects are expected to produce measurable impacts within the 15-month period.

After the Cluster completed a peer review to vet projects, they were subjected to a second round of assessments by a humanitarian management group consisting of the RC, cluster leads and NGO representatives. Relevance, completion and costs were reviewed during this round. Throughout the planning stage, cluster leads guided division of responsibilities among UN and NGO projects to ensure maximum response effect and to avoid duplication. As such, projects included are seen as essential for meeting the overall priorities as well as Cluster objectives. Final prioritisation was done by taking into account the greatest need and time sensitivity.

16


Priority

Agency Title Targeted Number of

Beneficiaries

Foo

d or

Cas

h

Agr

icul

tura

l Inp

uts

Oth

er

Targeted Geographical Areas

Activities Project Amount

($)

Requested Amount

($)

Duration Start

Prio

rity

1

Aga Khan Foundation Critical Food Security Response

90,00018 X X GBAO and Khatlon Oblasts

Provision of seeds, training, food security monitoring and buffer stock of food

687,600 687,600 14 months 1 Oct. 08

Caritas Switzerland Increase Food Security and Improve Coping Capacities of Vulnerable Families

20,000 X X Muminobod DistrictShurobod DistrictKhovaling District

Cash for Work, Income Generating Activities, Training, Distribution of Seeds and Fertiliser

621,500 621,500 12 months 1 Oct. 08

Caritas Switzerland Increase Food Security to Single Pension Receivers

5,200 X DushanbeKhatlon Oblast

Food Distribution (local purchase) and provision of necessary medication

684,500 684,500 7 months 1 Oct. 08

Mercy Corps Food Security through Livelihoods Recovery

10,500 X X Rasht ValleyNorthern Sughd

Cash Grant Support, building of community resilience and technical training on food production and preservation/storage

1,096,678 1,096,678 10 months 1 Jan. 09

Save the Children Improve food security and nutrition problem

20,000 X X Vakhsh DistrictRumi DistrictKulyabVose District

Distribution of seeds and food ration (seed protection), food for work, food for lactating women and cash transfers

1,200,000 1,200,000 12 months 1 Oct. 08

UNICEF/WHO Emergency nutritional interventions and prevention of malnutrition among children under 5

250,000 X X Rural areas of Khatlon and Sughd Oblasts

Distribution of therapeutic foods, provision of micro-nutrients, capacity building

1,715,210 1,715,210 14 months 1 Oct. 08

WFP Emergency food assistance to people severely affected by food insecurity and livelihood crisis

448,000 X Rural and urban areas of Tajikistan with highest levels of severe food insecurity

Emergency food distribution 22,796,000 17,796,000 8 months 1 Oct. 08

Subtotal 28,801,488 23,801,488

18 of which 41,095 people that live in zone 8 would benefit from the buffer stock and are counted as receiving food assistance.

17


Priority


Beneficiaries

Foo

d or

Cas

h

Agr

icul

tura

l Inp

uts

Oth

er



($)

Requested Amount

($)

Duration Start

Prio

rity

2

ACTED Strengthening Food Security of Vulnerable Households in Khatlon and Sughd

34,720 X Khatlon:Qabodion, Pyanj, Shahrituz and Hurasan districtsSughd: Isfara, J. Rasulov, B. Ghafurov and Spitamen districts

Procurement and distribution of agricultural inputs, training and monitoring

670,430 670,430 8 months 1 Oct. 08

FAO Emergency Provision of vegetable and potato seeds for kitchen gardens

50,000 X Rural areas Distribution of seeds packages and fertilisers as well as training on improved vegetable crop production

2,500,000 2,500,000 15 months 1 Oct. 08

FAO Animal feed and fodder crops development

70,000 X Rural livestock farming areas

Procurement, delivery and distribution of fodder seeds and training

3,000,000 1,000,000 15 months 1 Oct. 08

Deutsche Welthungerhilfe e.v.

Enhancing agricultural production

21,000 X Rasht ValleyZerafshan ValleySughd Oblast

Provision of agricultural inputs including seeds and fertiliser

1,767,000 1,767,000 12 months 1 Jan. 09

Mission East Emergency Food Security and Seeds Imports

17,028 X KulyabVose District

Provision of seeds, livestock medication and vitamins

151,634 151,634 10 months 1 Oct. 08

STAR Food security and livelihood for rural households affected by highest levels of food insecurity through provision of family greenhouses

7,000 X Khatlon Region Procuring and distributing the materials for the green houses

536,000 536,000 14 months 1 Oct. 08

FAO Providing storage facilities and preservation

18,000 X JirgatolTojikiobodFaizabad

Improve existing and establish new preservation and storage facilities

1,000,000 1,000,000 6 months 1 Oct. 08

FAO Animal feed production and pasture rehabilitation

25,000 X Khatlon (details not given)

Procurement, delivery and distribution of fertilisers, information campaign and training

1,000,000 1,000,000 15 months 1 Oct. 08

Subtotal 10,625,064 8,625,064

18


Priority


Beneficiaries

Foo

d or

Cas

h

Agr

icul

tura

l Inp

uts

Oth

er



($)

Requested Amount

($)

Duration Start

Prio

rity

3

FAO Emergency Assistance for the 2009 locust campaigns in Tajikistan

2,000,000 X Rural communities, especially in Southern border areas

Promotion of regional, national and local coordination, capacity building and provision of information and advice

2,800,000 750,000 15 months 1 Oct. 08

WHO Nutrition monitoring and surveillance system for vulnerability mapping

24,000 X Soghd, Khatlon, GBAO and RRS

Identification of nutritionally vulnerable groups, data collection, monitoring and assessment, and training of primary health care staff

353,849 353,849 14 months 1 Oct. 08

Deutsche Welthungerhilfe e.v.

Rehabilitation of irrigation systems

36,000 X Zerafshan Valley Reconstruction of irrigation channels, installation of pumps and tubes, application of water saving irrigation techniques and training

636,000 636,000 9 months 1 Jan. 09

WFP Food Security Monitoring System

X Country Wide Implementation of Improved Food Security Monitoring System

385,100 385,100 15 months 1 Oct. 08

OCHA Coordination Support to Humanitarian Response

X Support RC's Office to facilitate coordination and provide information management services to the humanitarian community

195,054 195,054 12 months 1 Oct. 08

Subtotal 4,370,003 2,320,003

TOTAL 43,796,555 34,746,555

19


6. SUMMARY: STRATEGIC FRAMEWORK Strategic Priority Key indicators Corresponding Response Plan Objectives Associated Projects

Improve food access for 800,000 severely food insecure people between September 2008 and December 2009

Number of people assisted (people who received food, cash or agricultural input, children who received ready-to-use therapeutic foods and micronutrient supplements and women who received micronutrient supplements).

Amount of food, cash and amount of seeds and fertilisers distributed.

Number of people trained in improved agricultural techniques.

Prevalence of malnutrition (stunting and wasting) of children under-five.

Number of children treated in the therapeutic feeding centres.

Micronutrient status of pregnant and lactating women.

Number of analyses and reports provided by the improved food security monitoring system.

Number of reported dangerous coping mechanisms and food consumption patterns.

Food Security

Provide therapeutic food and micro-nutrients to 200,000 children under five and 50,000 pregnant and lactating women.

WHO/UNICEF- distribution of supplementary and therapeutic food

Provide food and cash to 800,000 severely food insecure people.

Aga Khan Foundation (AKF) - Food distributionWFP- Food distribution and monitoringSave the Children (SC) - Food distributionMercy Corps - Cash and food distributionCaritas Switzerland - Cash and food distribution

Provide agricultural inputs (seeds, fertiliser and training) to approximately 373,000 severely food insecure people.

Agency for Technical Cooperation and Development (ACTED) – Seed distribution and trainingFAO – Seed, fertilizer, and fodder distributionGerman Agro-action (GAA) - Seeds and fertilizer distributionMission East – Seeds, vitamins and medicines distributionUNDP - Green house material distribution

Provide overall agricultural support to the country in the form of a locust prevention, or eradication campaign and expansion of areas under fodder crops.

FAO – Fodder production and locust prevention GAA – Irrigation rehabilitation

Implement an improved food security monitoring system which provides quarterly updates on the food security situation throughout the country.

WFP – Monitoring project

20


Table IV. List of Projects - By Sector

21


22


Table V. List of Projects – By Appealing Organisation

23


24


25


7. PROJECTSAppealing Agency AGENCY FOR TECHNICAL COOPERATION AND DEVELOPMENT

(ACTED)Project Title Strengthening food security of vulnerable households in Khatlon and

SughdProject Code TJK-08-1/A01Sector Food SecurityObjective To secure availability of food and thus livelihoods of the most vulnerable

households in the target villages in Khatlon and Sughd, and to increase the vulnerable farmers’ agricultural skills to promote their longer-term self-reliance.

Beneficiaries On the basis of ACTED experience, whereby in each community a minimum 20 most vulnerable community members can be identified, the tentative number of beneficiary households will reach at least 4,340 (34,720 people). Target areas include the districts below with umbers in brackets referring to numbers of villages: Khatlon Qabodion (67), Pyanj (17), Shahrituz (41), Hurasan (18); SughdIsfara (8), J. Rasulov (16), B. Ghafurov (26), Spitamen (24)

Implementing Partners Advisory Information Network (AIN), agricultural extension services provider NGO, established by ACTED

Project Duration Eight months between September/October 2008- March/May 2009Funds Requested $670,430

NeedsFood insecurity in the entire Tajikistan has dramatically increased and according to the Food Cluster’s report on Food Security Emergency (Feb, 2008), approximately 10% of the rural population is chronically insecure and 17% suffer from temporary food gaps. Significant losses in crops and livestock have been further deteriorating the situation. To protect the livelihoods of the most vulnerable populations, ACTED proposes to distribute high quality seeds in addition to agriculture-focused capacity building.

Activities Identification of the most vulnerable households in the targeted areas by the Mahalla

Committees trained thereon by ACTED’s previous or ongoing interventions. Special focus will be given to ensuring transparency of the selection process through Information Boards to inform the community members of the criteria, selection process and the selected families.

Rapid assessment of the selected vulnerable households’ technical capacities and resources (i.e., size of land plot etc.), conducted by AIN. A rapid assessment-based list of the required agricultural inputs to be procured for the selected families will be provided to the Mahalla Committees and then to ACTED.

Local procurement of the required agricultural inputs to support Tajik entrepreneurs, coordinated by the Mahalla Committees and ACTED to ensure transparency of the process.

Distribution of agricultural inputs (seeds, fertilizers) through the Mahalla Committees’ coordination, with ACTED’s oversight.

Provision of training on sustainable agricultural practices and (storage techniques, profitability of different crops, agricultural calendar, and crop diversification) by AIN.

Monitoring will be ensured through ACTED’s Appraisal, Monitoring and Evaluation Unit’s (AMEU) baseline and end line assessments examining the impact of the intervention.

Outcomes 4,340 households’ food supplies ensured during winter and in its aftermath. 4,340 households’ agricultural practices and knowledge improved.

FINANCIAL SUMMARYBudget Items $

Staff costs (Community Mobilisers, Agronomists, Project Manager, AME Coordinator and Monitor, Reporting/Finance Intern) 52,200

Inputs costs (Procurement and provision of inputs, training & visual materials) 450,905Administration costs (logistics, finance, drivers & vehicle, office rent, communication) 135,4005% of headquarter cost 31,925TOTAL 670,430

26


Appealing Agency AGA KHAN FOUNDATION TAJIKISTAN (AKF TJK)Project Title Critical Food Security Response in GBAO and Khatlon, TajikistanProject Code TJK-08-1/A02Sector Food SecurityObjective Increase food self sufficiency and security in 10 target districtsBeneficiaries TOTAL: 90,000 people in 10 districts of GBAO and Khatlon Implementing Partners Mountain Societies Development Support ProgrammeProject Duration September 2008 to December 2009Funds Requested $687,600

NeedsAn emergency response is necessary to support ten highly food insecure mountain districts in Tajikistan while building on sustainable interventions over the last ten years. The situation in Murghab district is critical as the average annual income per capita in this area is below $100. People depend on livestock rearing and basic food commodities are imported. Wheat flour in Murghab was $1.17 per kg in June 2008, double its rate in January 2007. Malnutrition levels are at risk and could worsen as prices rise and market access deteriorates to the area over the winter. A buffer stock of 400 metric tonnes (MTs) is needed for targeted provision to food insecure groups based on AKF monitoring.

In nine mountain districts of Gorno-Badakhshan Autonomous Oblast (GBAO) [6] and Khatlon [3], subsistence agriculture is the primarily livelihood activity. The majority of land is used for cultivation of wheat, for consumption. Reinvestment into quality wheat seed is low, which perpetuates the cycle of low yields and food insecurity. At 150 kgs per hectare of seed, the total deficit of quality seed is 3,234 MTs. This action targets 140 MTs of wheat seed to the poorest farmers who will return over 250 MTs back to community-led seed banks for redistribution in fall 2009. This includes ten metric tonnes of basic irrigable seed varieties to be procured for multiplication by specialist government agencies and distributed by seed banks with a reflow mechanism to sustain and extend benefits beyond the end of project. Existing Mountain Societies Development Support Programmes (MSDSP) will facilitate the reflow of seeds and capacitate community seed banks. Fertilizer provision through private businesses will ensure best use of basic and select seeds. Awareness of good wheat cultivation practices and seed quality preservation will require simultaneous support. Seed banks, as community initiatives, will ensure local ownership. MSDSP is coordinating with all agencies in Khatlon.

Activities Procure and store buffer stock of 400 tonnes of wheat flour for Murghab District. Monitor food security indicators to prepare targeted distribution of food stock in Winter. Procure 70 MTs of select local irrigable and rain-fed seed varieties for seed banks. Seed banks provide select seed to farmers for Fall 2008 planting with re-flow mechanism. Procure 60 MTs of certified wheat seed varieties for seed banks. Seed banks provide certified wheat seed for Fall 2008 with reflow mechanism. Procure ten metric tonnes of improved basic wheat seed varieties in Fall 2008 for multiplication,

demonstrate and annual distribution to seed banks. Seed banks provide certified wheat seed to farmers for at least four years. Training on good practices of select local and basic wheat varieties, preservation of seed

quality, and reflow mechanism to community seed bank for next planting season. Procure 155 MTs of fertilizer as grant to capitalise three private agrochemical businesses on

condition that the capital is used to re-flow fertiliser supplies to farmers.

Outcomes Meet immediate food security needs of the vulnerable population of Murghab district. Increase wheat yields in 9 target districts by Fall 2009.


Inputs 629,000Staff and Training 13,600Admin 45,000TOTAL 687,600

27


Appealing Agency CARITAS SWITZERLANDProject Title Increase food security and improve coping capacities of vulnerable

families in Muminabad, Shurabad and Khovaling district, Khatlon Oblast, Tajikistan

Project Code TJK-08-1/A03Sector Food SecurityObjective Decrease malnutrition and increase food security for next seasonBeneficiaries TOTAL: 20,000 beneficiaries

Children: 14,000 Women: 4,000 Men: 2,000Implementing Partners Local government, NGO Muminabad, local seed association Khushai

Zarrin (wheat seed) and local seed association Biotech (potato seed), irrigation association

Project Duration October 2008 – October 2009Funds Requested $621,500

NeedsAccording to the food security report of Government of Tajikistan, WFP and FAO the three districts belong to the, globally seen, most food insecure parts of the world. According to the Agricultural Department of Muminabad district and own calculations the losses of harvest due to harsh winter conditions (freezing of wheat seeds) as well as the drought in spring and summer losses of more than 50% of average cereal harvest is calculated. Therefore it is estimated that more than half of the population, i.e., around 70,000 persons, will be moderately food insecure, around 20,000 heavily food insecure. The project targets these 20,000 people with an integrated approach of cash-for-work, food distribution (protection of seed) for those unable to work and distribution of seed and agricultural inputs to stabilise and strengthen the livelihood respectively protect them from negative coping strategies like selling their small livestock and/or reducing meals. Families having less then $20 income are considered to be most vulnerable.

Caritas Switzerland has been working since ten years in the respective region and will closely work with the established structures in the districts, among them the two seed associations as well as irrigation user groups, women groups etc.

Activities Procure locally produced improved seed (access secured) and fertiliser, October 2008. Work with existing and create new income generation groups (which will revolve the seeds to

other next cycle) and train them during the production cycle on wheat or potato growing, distribution of seed and fertiliser October, November.

Distribute seed and fertiliser in November. Plant after the rains in November and beginning of December or if project starts late in March. Involve adults into cash for work i.e., planting trees, cleaning channels from November on or

distribute food starting from February. Distribute chicken and chicken feed to land less families.

The project will coordinate with other projects approved with similar components in the mentioned districts. Cooperation would include the identification of beneficiaries as well as practical implementation through commonly recognised, well established structures and institutions.

OutcomesThe beneficiaries will survive the winter and spring period without applying negative coping mechanism, the beneficiaries will get access to improved seeds and can produce an increased harvest next autumn.


Staff costs 51,000Food, cash 100,000Agricultural inputs 400,000Administration costs 20,000Investments 50,500TOTAL 621,500

Appealing Agency CARITAS SWITZERLAND

28


Project Title Increase food security of single pension receivers in Dushanbe and Khatlon Oblast, Tajikistan

Project Code TJK-08-1/H01Sector Food SecurityObjective Provide access to minimal nutrition to single elderly and single disabled

persons Beneficiaries TOTAL: 5,200 persons

Children: 1,000 Women: 2,800 Men: 1,500Other group (specify): elderly (80% with limited mobility activities and chronically ill) 5,000, disabled adults and their families 1,200

Implementing Partners Local NGO Odamiyat, Local NGO Gerontology Centre, Ministry of Labour and Social Protection, Ministry of Health (MoH)

Project Duration October 2008 – April 2009Funds Requested $684,500

NeedsIncreased food prices on the market, inflation and eroded livelihoods as result of energy crisis/compound crisis and decreased functioning of communal infrastructures (damaged by frost last year, poor overall maintenance) affect the livelihood of Tajik households and erodes the normally high solidarity to take care of needy people in the community. People depending on help of others are therefore at risk to fall trough the social net of state and neighbours and will depend on support through the humanitarian actors in the country. Single elderly people, who lost their relatives in the civil war or are left behind by their relatives migrating after the civil war, are one of the most vulnerable groups in Tajikistan as they depend solely on the state pensions.

According to the State Statistic Agency 544,000 people in Tajikistan receive a social or old age pension, 9,000 out of them are registered as single elderly persons. An average pension is 68 Somoni or $20 respectively $0.66 per day. According to the analysis of the join food security report persons relying only on pensions belong to the most vulnerable part of the population. Single pensioners cannot afford even the minimal food, housing or medication requirements out of their pension. Single pension receivers are therefore at risk to starve in a situation of increased costs during a restricted energy supply and increased food prices.

Caritas Switzerland is promoting the social protection of elderly in Tajikistan since ten years and will implement the project with established local partner organisation in close cooperation with state social workers.

Activities Buy food on the local market in October, November. Pack food packets and store (storage already available) December. Distribute to beneficiaries within the three different projects January to April as follows:

- twice a month for the bedridden persons;- monthly to bi-monthly for those elderly attending territorial social centres in Dushanbe City,

Kurgan Tube, Jomi, Churoson. Distribute necessary medicaments to maintain an acceptable health status of beneficiaries.

OutcomesThe beneficiaries will survive the winter and spring period without starving and with an acceptable health status.


Staff costs 31,000Food 443,000Medicaments 100,000Administration costs, packing, storage, transport, office costs 31,000Investments 17,500Coordination 62,000TOTAL 684,500

Appealing Agency DEUTSCHE WELTHUNGERHILFE E.V. (DWH)

29


Project Title Enhancing agricultural production in TajikistanProject Code TJK-08-1/A04Sector Food SecurityObjective Enhancing food security through distribution of agricultural inputsBeneficiaries TOTAL: 3,500 households (approx. 21,000 beneficiaries)

Children: 10,500 Women: 5,000 Implementing Partners Tajik NGOs “AZAL”, “IPD”, “JOVID” Project Duration January – December 2009Funds Requested $1,767,000

NeedsAs a result of the past winter crisis, agricultural production in Tajikistan has been well below normal in 2008. Combined with the globally rising prices for food, this poses a serious threat to food security to large parts of the population. In order to address the threat of food shortage in the coming winter and spring in Tajikistan, it is of highest importance to foster local production of food through provision of highly needed agricultural inputs, in particular seed. Welthungerhilfe through local partner organisations is able to implement ad-hoc assistance by providing such agricultural inputs within its geographical area of action, i.e., Rasht-Valley, Zerafshan-Valley, and the Northern districts of Sughd province. Targeting the most vulnerable rural households, the project will provide seeds (potato, wheat, alfalfa, maize, vegetable), fruit tree seedlings, fertilizer, and small livestock to stabilise the self-sufficiency of the households in terms of food production.

Activities Definition of beneficiaries according to defined criteria. Procurement of inputs. Distribution of inputs in cooperation with community-based organisations. Training and advice on cultivation and husbandry technologies.

Outcomes Improved agricultural production and food availability. Availability for seed for further planting periods. Income through sale of produced surpluses.


Staff costs (Project Manager, Accountant, agronomists, facilitators) 270,000Inputs costs (seeds, fertilizer, livestock, transport) 1,387,000Administration costs (vehicles, office, communication, consumables) 110,000TOTAL 1,767,000

30


Appealing Agency DEUTSCHE WELTHUNGERHILFE E.V. (DWH)Project Title Rehabilitation of irrigation systems in Zerafshan ValleyProject Code TJK-08-1/A05Sector Food Security Objective Enhancing food security through rehabilitation of irrigation systemsBeneficiaries TOTAL: 6,000 households (approx. 36,000 beneficiaries)

Children: 18,000 Women: 6,000 Other group (specify):

Implementing Partner None Project Duration January – September 2009Funds Requested $636,000

NeedsIn the project area of Zerafshan Valley, poverty levels and unemployment are significant, with over 80% of the population of 314,718 classified as poor, most of them working in agriculture. Inadequate and insufficient irrigation is one of the main factors for declining farm incomes. A reliable irrigation system is crucial to 85% of cultivated farmland in this region. As evidenced by the extensive work and knowledge of Welthungerhilfe in Zerafshan Valley, one of the main challenges for soil conservation and agricultural development is the irrigation of land by rehabilitating or reconstructing irrigation channels and applying water saving irrigation techniques such as drip irrigation. The project proposes the rehabilitation or reconstruction of several irrigation systems in the region in order to improve soil quality and enhance agricultural output.

Activities Community mobilisation and drafting of projects and systems. Selection of 30-40 most needed and most efficient irrigation projects including:

re/construction of irrigation channels; installation of (mechanic) pumps and water tubes; application of water saving irrigation technologies.

Training for more efficient water use and care of irrigation systems. Creation of Water Users Associations to create a more sustainable and effective distribution of

water for each water distribution system.

Outcomes Irrigation and improved soil fertility for approximately 3,000 hectares of land. Improved agricultural production and revenues. Establishment of Water Users Associations for each water distribution system. Improved knowledge and capacities in irrigation and water management.


Staff costs (Project Manager, Accountant, engineers, agronomists, facilitators) 130,000Inputs costs (30-40 irrigation projects) 462,000Administration costs (vehicles, office, communication, consumables) 44,000TOTAL 636,000

31


Appealing Agency FOOD AND AGRICULTURE ORGANIZATION (FAO)Project Title Emergency provision of potato seeds for vulnerable households of food

insecure districts in Khatlon region of TajikistanProject Code TJK-08-1/A06Sector Food SecurityObjectives (i) Improve nutrition basis, food security and maintain

livelihoods by providing quality inputs (seeds of adapted varieties and fertilizer) for the late autumn sowing and early spring harvesting

(ii) Provide technical assistance on enhancing the productivity of traditional kitchen gardens

Beneficiaries TOTAL: 50,000 people (~ 7,000 households) of Shaartuz, Qabodiyon, Jomi, Pyanj, Vakhsh, and Bokhtar districts of KhatlonChildren: at least 14,000 Women: at least 16,000Other group (specify): at least 50 staffs of I/NGOs

Implementing Partners Seeds Association ‘Tukhmiparvar’, and NGOsProject Duration October 2008 – December 2009Funds Requested $2,500,000

NeedsPotatoes together with wheat, is one of the most important staple food of Tajikistan. In contrast to wheat, where Tajikistan had always been a net importer, it has been able to cover almost 100% of domestic potato consumption in previous years.

Preliminary estimates from a recent FAO/WFP/UNICEF food security and livelihoods assessment indicate high losses in potatoes and potato seeds (around 30%) and in vegetables. The high price of potato seeds – together with the high prices for fertilizer and especially high fuel prices, which specifically affect remote mountain regions – lead to the concern that the capacity of domestic production to supply domestic demand in the coming year is damaged to such a degree that foreign assistance is required.

Activities Provision of 1,050 MTs of improved early potato seeds to households for planting in kitchen

gardens. Distribution of a total of 350 MTs of Di-ammonium Phosphate (DAP) fertilizers, packaged at 50

kg rates will be provided to some 7,000 vulnerable rural households in ten selected districts of Khatlon region.

Training of target beneficiaries on improved potato production, and proper seed preservation and storage techniques.

Outcomes Alleviated impact of surge in food and agriculture input prices. Improved nutrition status, food security and maintained livelihoods amongst most vulnerable

households. Increased potato production through provision of improved potato seed varieties and

implementation of proper seeds preservation and storage.


Staff costs, training and field Implementation 500,000Inputs costs 1,750,000Administration costs 250,000TOTAL 2,500,000

32


Appealing Agency FOOD AND AGRICULTURE ORGANIZATION (FAO)Project Title Emergency assistance to increase fodder production and maintain

healthy livestock during critical periodsProject Code TJK-08-1/A07Sector Food SecurityObjectives (i) Improve food security and livelihoods in Tajikistan by

stabilising and expanding the feed base for livestock and preserve normal milk and production during critical periods

(ii) Expand the areas under high energy fodder crops in livestock farming areas in order to ensure adequate supply of fodder

Beneficiaries TOTAL: ~ 70,000 people (individual livestock owners)Children: at least 20,000 Women: at least 30,000Other group (specify): at least 50 staff of MoA

Implementing Partners MoA and I/NGOsProject Duration October 2008 – December 2009Total Project Budget $3,000,000Funds Requested $1,000,000

NeedsLivestock farming is an important economic factor for rural communities in Tajikistan. It is a substantial source of income as well as an important source of nutritional stability and variety over the course of the year especially for the poorest part of the population. The limiting factor for livestock development is the availability of animal feed and fodder. Overgrazing of pastures, soil erosion, droughts and frequent locust infestation are dramatically reducing available pastureland and the fodder production capacities. The project will cover those districts that have the large number of livestock population, i.e., suffering from the lack of fodder in cold winters, drought periods and locust infestations. It is estimated that about 40% of natural pastures are severely degraded, and that about 50% of cattle heads rely on feed sources other than pastures, i.e., fodder crops produced in irrigated lands. FAO had already been implementing two projects funded from Swedish International Development Cooperation Agency (SIDA) and European Community Humanitarian aid Office (ECHO) for partial implementation of the proposed intervention, and therefore the given project will cover districts not covered by those projects.

Activities Procurement, delivery and distribution of 80 MTs of adapted fodder seeds to 10,000 households

(annual fodder, i.e., maize, barley, etc) for cultivation (a package of 8 kgs of fodder seeds per household).

Provision of 300 MTs of fertilizers for fodder cultivation, with a package of 5 kgs of fertilizers per household).

Provide trainings, carry out information campaign and raise awareness.

Outcomes Sufficient fodder stocks produced allowing for proper livestock feeding through critical (winter

and drought) periods by expanding areas under high energy fodder cultivation. Improved livestock production (milk and meat) through introduction of improved feed production

and feeding practices. Increased household income from livestock production and improved nutritional status of

beneficiaries.


Staff costs, training and field implementation 200,000Inputs costs 700,000Administration costs 100,000TOTAL 1,000,000

33


Appealing Agency FOOD AND AGRICULTURE ORGANIZATION (FAO)Project Title Emergency assistance in food security by providing storage facilities and

preservation to food insecure districts in TajikistanProject Code TJK-08-1/A08Sector Food SecurityObjective Improve food security by providing storage facilities for potato and other

seeds for early spring planting season, and provide technical assistance on preservation and expanding best national practices

Beneficiaries Faizabad, Jirgital, Tojikobod (or Nurobod, Tojikobod and Tavildara)TOTAL: ~ 18,000 people (~ 3,000 households)Children: at least 8,000 Women: at least 2,000Others (specify): 8,000 men

Implementing Partners National and International NGOsProject Duration October 2008 – March 2009Funds Requested $1,000,000

NeedsTajikistan’s most mountainous areas are specialised in potato, vegetables and fruit production. In majority of cases the producers try their best to sell the fresh products as soon as they are harvested and even do not keep potato seeds for next planting, but rather prefer to buy it later. At season peaks, agro produce is dumped in local markets, drastically reducing the price sometimes below cost recovery, which results in significant losses to household disposable incomes. One of the reasons for that is the fact that not all farmers/households have the capacity either to turn primary agricultural products into other commodities or simply dry them (in case of fruits). Another reason for such a forced decision is that most of households/farmers do not have proper agricultural storage facilities.

Preliminary estimates from a recent FAO/WFP/UNICEF food security and livelihoods assessment indicate that some 54% of the seed potato was frozen during the winter. FAO and MoA joint assessments following the winter crisis indicate the loss of potato seeds during the winter cold as 18, 38 and 100% accordingly in Tavildara, Tojikobod and Nurobod districts. These losses can be prevented by introducing proper storing techniques and improve the state of available facilities.

Agro-storage facilities are facilities or simple warehouses based on a cellar model for natural refrigerating purposes, where agricultural products (typically potato seeds for next season, non-perishable goods, cereals and processed products) are stocked in order to better respond to supply and demand.

Activities Improve existing storage facilities through training and guidance for 3,000 households/farmers

on up-to-date storing and preservation techniques. Establish new preservation and storage facilities, i.e., establishment of improved sheds for

drying agricultural products before storage (preservation) and construct cellar based agro storage facilities for 500 households.

Outcomes Loss of the agricultural products decreased by at least 15%. Information materials/leaflets printed and distributed to 3,000 households/farmers. 500 cellar based storage facilities constructed. 3,000 household/family incomes increased.



34


Appealing Agency FOOD AND AGRICULTURE ORGANIZATION (FAO)Project Title Animal feed production and pasture rehabilitationProject Code TJK-08-1/A09Sector Food SecurityObjectives (i) Improve productivity of natural pastures through fertilisation of pasture

lands and introduction of improved pasture management, and thereby (ii) Improve food security and livelihoods in Tajikistan by stabilising and expanding the feed base for livestock

Beneficiaries TOTAL: about 5,000 households in Khatlon regionChildren: at least 10,000 Women: at least 5,000Other group (specify): at least 50 staffs of MoA and its regional and district branches

Implementing Partners MoA, Pasture Improvement Trusts, and I/NGOsProject Duration October 2008 – December 2009Funds Requested $1,000,000

NeedsLivestock farming is an important economic factor for rural communities in Tajikistan. It is a substantial source of income as well as an important source of nutritional stability and variety over the course of the year. The limiting factor for livestock development is the availability of animal feed and fodder. Natural pastures constitute the significant share of livestock feed. Despite the fact that the total number of cattle, small stock and poultry have declined since 1990, the pasture degradation have intensified. This is mainly due overgrazing, droughts and frequent locust infestation, as well as due proper management of pasture lands.

In this regard, the project will aim at improving productivity of natural pastures, through fertilisation and introduction of proper management techniques. The given activity will be implemented in districts that have the large number of livestock population, i.e., suffering from the lack of fodder in cold winters, drought periods and locust infestations. The project will have immediate impact to livestock feeding capacity, as the productivity of pastures after fertilisation will start increasing in two weeks, and will have an impact for at least the next four consecutive years.

Activities Procurement, delivery and distribution of fertilizers (urea, or ammonium nitrate) for application in

5,000 hectares of natural pastures. Carry out information campaign and raise awareness among farming households in fertilizer

application, improved pasture management (pasture rotation, etc). Conduct trainings for target districts in community-based pasture management, i.e., control the

movement of livestock in pastures to avoid overgrazing, as well as train local authorities (local Department of Agriculture staff, Field Pasture Improvement Branches of the MoA) on improved pasture management.

Outcomes Improved productivity of 5,000 hectares natural pastures, through application of fertilizers and

guidance on improved pasture management. Sufficient animal feed maintained in natural pastures for 5,000 households. Increased household income from livestock production (milk and meat) and improved nutritional

status of beneficiaries.



35


Appealing Agency FOOD AND AGRICULTURE ORGANIZATION (FAO)Project Title Emergency assistance for the preparation of 2009 locust campaign in

TajikistanProject Code TJK-08-1/A10Sector Food SecurityObjective Improve food security and livelihoods among rural households through

enhanced locust management and reduced occurrence and intensity of locust outbreaks

Beneficiaries TOTAL: about two million people Children: at least 500,000 Women: at least 800,000Other group (specify): 100 staffs of MoA and 50 locust operators in the field

Implementing Partners State Unitary Enterprise ‘Locust Control’ under the MoAProject Duration October 2008 – December 2009Total Project Budget $2,800,000Funds Requested $750,000

NeedsLocusts, and in particular the Moroccan Locust, are the most important agricultural pest in Tajikistan and jeopardise food security and livelihoods. They attack a variety of rangeland and crops, and cause severe damage at agricultural, economic, human and environmental levels. Despite significant efforts made by donor community, government and FAO, constraints have hampered locust operations so far, including: (1) the accessibility of traditional Moroccan Locust habitats, often located in remote areas, at the foot of hills and mountains; (2) the overlap of the traditional locust habitats and outbreak areas with the borders with Afghanistan and Uzbekistan in the South, Uzbekistan and Kyrgyzstan in the North and the poor flow of locust information between neighbouring countries; (3) the lack of sufficient amounts of fuel and of high quality pesticides; and, (4) the use of old spraying technology and equipment as well as lack of updated knowledge of control agents.

Activities Promote regional, national and local coordination to implement consistent survey and control

plans including joint activities along and cross the common borders. Build capacities through organisation of a training programme on: (i) bio-ecology of the locust

pests (mainly the Moroccan and Italian Locust), survey operations and information management; (ii) control techniques (especially ultra low volume [ULV]) and related human health and the environment aspects, and strengthen related operational capacities through provision of upgraded survey equipment and tools.

Provide information and advice on less harmful formulations and alternatives to conventional pesticides, including bio-pesticides and Insect Growth Regulators (IGRs), and promote their introduction, registration and use.

Outcomes 2009 locust populations are timelier and precisely targeted with early ground treatments against

hopper groups and bands with more environmentally friendly spraying technology, resulting in better crop and rangeland protection and preservation.

Vulnerable rural land owners and farming communities, secure their crops and livelihood. National capacities are strengthened and knowledge of national staff is improved and updated

through technical assistance and targeted training, including on ULV (Ultra Low Volume) spraying technique and logistics.


Staff costs, training and field implementation 165,000Inputs costs 510,000Administration costs 75,000TOTAL 750,000

36


Appealing Agency MERCY CORPSProject Title Food Security through Livelihoods Recovery in Rasht Valley and

Northern SughdProject Code TJK-08-1/A11Sector Food SecurityObjectives Mercy Corps will address the severe problem of food insecurity caused

by rising food prices and adverse winter conditions during the winter of 2007/08 by stimulating household economic security and increasing resilience within communities. To support the communities in meeting the short-term economic needs, the project will provide cash grant support to the most vulnerable households, support to projects that build community resilience (winterisation, etc) accompanied by technical training on food production and preservation and storage

Beneficiaries TOTAL: 10,500 in 75 villages of Rasht Valley & Sughd OblastChildren: 6,000 Women: 3,000 Other group (specify): 1,500 (men)

Implementing Partners MoA, MoH, local market suppliers, village educators and volunteersProject Duration January – October 2009Funds Requested $1,096,678

NeedsTo survive the hungry season before the summer harvest, families in Mercy Corps’ operating areas employed destructive coping mechanisms that contribute to a more difficult recovery process. In four districts of Sughd where Mercy Corps conducted a rapid food security assessment, families reported selling a key asset, livestock (40% of those with animals; 52% sold half or more, and an additional 28% sold their entire herd). In Rasht, 36% of interviewees used coping mechanisms that they did not use in previous years, with 61% borrowing money for food and 24% selling assets that they would not normally have sold. The accumulated debt and asset loss strains coping mechanisms, making families more vulnerable to the next shock, the rising food costs, and winter. Cash transfers will assist families to recover a part of their livelihoods and will help rebuild household assets. Technical training on food production, via greenhouses, and proper food preservation, via canning and dehydration, will aid families to prepare adequate food stores for the future.

Activities OutcomesSmall community identified projects build resilience: winterisation, road improvement, mud flow channel improvement, etc.

Community is better able to cope with future shocks.

Greenhouse production for early harvest. Families are able to obtain early harvest of greens, tomatoes, and cucumbers

Improved market links to ensure availability of quality seeds on the local market

Quality wheat and vegetable seeds are made available through the local market

Information dissemination and trainings on better practices for food preservation and storage during the winter season.

Households will properly can and dehydrate fruit and increase the winter storage capacity (some may be sold in the market for income).

Cash transfers to most vulnerable community members, identified through open participatory processes such as wealth ranking. Training provided in household budgeting.

Most vulnerable able to meet critical needs for food, agriculture inputs, healthcare, asset replenishment or debt repayment to restore coping mechanisms.


Staff costs 214,805Inputs costs 651,750Operational costs 230,123TOTAL 1,096,678

37


Appealing Agency MISSION EASTProject Title Emergency food security and seed importsProject Code TJK-08-1/A12Sector Food SecurityObjective Contribute to an increase in food production and a reduction in the loss

of livestock in order to re-establish household livelihood security Beneficiaries Kulyab and Vose Districts:

2,838 households x six persons = 17,028 persons 443 households in designated natural disaster ‘hazard zones’143 women-headed households with disabled children

Implementing Partners NoneProject Duration October 2008 – July 2009Funds Requested $151,634

Needs Catchment population is designated in 11-18% severe food insecure zone (Emergency Food

Security Assessment [EFSA] April 2008). Lands are rain-fed affected by drought. EFSA reports harvest failure due to natural disaster

(drought). No free-range animal fodder. Wasting and near-starvation is visible in livestock population.

Activities Procurement of wheat seed, alfalfa seed and livestock medicines and vitamins. Selection of beneficiaries and designation of collection points. Inspection and confirmation of suitability of COU warehouse – minor facility upgrade as

necessary. Organise mobilisation campaign in the communities with informational materials. Organise reception of packages – inventory and control. Organise mobile veterinary services – two rounds to field sites during the life of the project. Organise delivery services to central locations in six jamoats. Regular monitoring by Mission East staff to include spot visits to beneficiaries at their residence,

spot visits to local community enterprises (COU) offices, and to vet mobile sites. Visibility actions to capture the impact of the distribution.

Outcomes Vulnerable households receive necessary commodities for mitigating harsh conditions while

also being drawn into a larger, longer term development network for future participation. Livestock health improved due to supportive therapy and uptake of new feeding methods. COU incorporate humanitarian action into commercial activities for a new model of development

assistance.


Staff costs –Agronomist, Project Manager, Field Monitor 19,308Inputs costs – wheat & alfalfa seed, livestock medicines & vitamins, veterinary services, mob. 116,079

Administration costs – equipment & supplies, communications, operating costs 16,247TOTAL 151,634

38


Appealing Agency OFFICE FOR THE COORDINATION OF HUMANITARIAN AFFAIRS (OCHA)

Project Title Coordination support to humanitarian responseProject Code TJK-08-1/CSS01Sector CoordinationObjective To ensure effective and coordinated humanitarian response under

supervision of the Resident CoordinatorBeneficiaries UN, NGOs, donors, government Project Duration January – December 2009Total Project Budget $195,054

NeedsScaling up humanitarian response in Tajikistan requires additional support to RC office to provide coordination services to humanitarian agencies in Tajikistan. RC office/REACT secretariat in Tajikistan would require additional technical assistance to ensure coordinated implementation of the humanitarian appeal strategic objectives, improve information management and reporting on humanitarian appeal related activities.

Activities Support the RC’s office to facilitate coordination through substantive assistance on drafting the

appeal, reporting, and coordination with the Tajikistan Government. Provide information management services to the overall humanitarian community in cooperation

with relevant authorities. Undertake inter agency assessments, information gathering, analysis and dissemination of

information on the humanitarian situation and needs of affected populations.

Outcomes Appeal drafted and launched, with groundwork laid for its revision. Effective and efficient coordination services and mechanism in place to minimise gaps and

duplication in response to humanitarian needs. Timely information products that contribute to effective humanitarian response are delivered. Common humanitarian approach and strategy concluded and shared with relevant humanitarian

partners.


OCHA Regional Office Support to United Nations Country Team (UNCT) [staff cost] 32,850Humanitarian Officer at RC office (L-3) 150,204Travel & operational costs 12,000TOTAL 195,054

39


Appealing Agency SAVE THE CHILDREN (SC)Project Title Improve food security and nutrition problem of rural population of

TajikistanProject Code TJK-08-1/A13Sector Food SecurityObjective Increase community and household food production to improve food

security and nutrition status of rural families in Vakhsh, Rumi, Kulob and Vose districts

Beneficiaries TOTAL: 4,000 householdsChildren: 16,000 (children with disabilities will be prioritised) Women: 4,000

Implementing Partners Village Development Committees, District Women Association, Local agriculture department, Regional Red Crescent

Project Duration October 2008 – September 2009Funds Requested $1,200,000

NeedsSave the Children Rural households survey (RFSA 1–January) report that the high food prices combined with the poor agricultural harvests last year have driven many households to sell their remaining productive assets and livestock in order to purchase food and medicines. Hardship migration has increased since December resulting in the abandonment of family homesteads and separation of family members.

According to the recent Emergency Food Security Assessment in Rural Areas of Tajikistan conducted by WFP, FAO, UNICEF and Government of Tajikistan, young children are not fed frequently enough and their diet is not of sufficient quality, contributing to their low weight and height gains. Significant association of child stunting with food insecurity reflects the long-term nature of the economic and food difficulties by many households.

Activities Distribute seeds, fertilizer for winter crops, fruit and wood trees as well as distribution of food

ration to protect seeds from being consumed. Establish of nurseries for growing fruit and wood trees, seeds multiplication. Distribute tunnel green houses to grow early vegetables and greens. Food-for-work for drainage cleaning activities. Construct moderate store to keep vegetables and food for winter time with the support of FFW

incentives. Distribute package of food to lactating women having children under-two.

OutcomesThe activities will bring difference in the life of targeted vulnerable households, headed by women. Distribution of seeds, fertilizer, fruit and wood trees will improve food security among the project target population, as it will be accompanied by agricultural extension services, provided by local agronomists and SC specialists. Distribution of tunnel green houses as well as construction of moderate storages will contribute in the households’ food diversity, specifically during the wintertime. It will play important role not only in food diversity but will be as a source of income during winter and early spring. Drainage cleaning will influence the reduction of level of subsoil water, improve soil structure, and help to use the land effectively and efficiently in spring. Package of food for children under-two will help mothers to keep their children healthy during difficult the critical times of their lives.


Staff costs 140,000Inputs costs 940,000Administration costs 120,000 TOTAL 1,200,000

40


Appealing Agency SOCIETY IN TAJIKISTAN FOR ASSISTANCE AND RESEARCH (STAR)

Project Title Food security and livelihood for rural households affected by highest levels of food insecurity through provision of family greenhouses

Project Code TJK-08-1/A14Sector Food SecurityObjective Provide 1,000 village families affected by moderate or severe food

insecurity with greenhouses, seed and know-how, with the aim to be able to grow vegetables for themselves and to sell at market

Beneficiaries TOTAL: 7,000Children: 4,000 Women: 1,500 Other group (specify): 500 (Men)

Implementing Partners NGO Nakukori, NGO Nigora, NGO Navruz, NGO Development Agency of Khatlon

Project Duration October 2008 – December 2009Funds Requested $536,000

Needs According to Emergency Food Security Assessment in Rural Areas of Tajikistan April/May 2008 (WFP, FAO, UNICEF, Government of Tajikistan) almost 20% of households living in five zones of Khatlon region present the highest levels of food insecurity. Of these five zones three present the highest levels of global food insecurity and overall, households in these zones enter the winter 2009 with even weaker economic and nutritional position than a year ago. In addition, the global trend of higher food prices will continue to greatly affect the food insecurity of this segment of population. This project provides for immediate impact assistance to improve the food security of these households.

Family greenhouses provide a sustainable model to provide food security through a nutritious diet and income recovery through the sales of the vegetables. This allows families in rural areas to immediately begin to provide for their own food needs. The Teams working with the food-for-cash programme will allow immediate effect of cash in hand to participating rural families. Seeds will be provided to families through cooperation with FAO and bazaar purchases as necessary. Greenhouse cost and training is based on our organisational experience with commercial greenhouse projects

Selection of families will be based on two criteria: 1) food insecurity; 2) capacity to manage and benefit from greenhouse cultivation. If this project can be implemented in October 2009 with planting in early November, it can provide food security for families with harvest starting in January 2009.

Activities Training of the local NGO partners. Selection of the families to the programme. Procuring and distributing the materials for the green houses. Use of hashar teams of villages for greenhouse assembly paid by work-for-cash programme. Training of the participating families with follow-up and monitoring.

OutcomesIn the selected sub-Districts 50-75% of households affected by moderate or severe food insecurity will see: A decrease of food insecurity through the provision of vegetables in family diets; An immediate improvement in nutritional situation through green winter vegetables; An income recovery through the possibility of winter, spring and fall sales of produce.

The project also serves as a demonstration of the practicality of greenhouse cultivation for family nutrition on a large scale for non-beneficiaries.


Staff costs (supervisor, selection of families, training, monitoring, admin, reporting) 98,000Inputs costs (greenhouses, seeds, transport, rent, material) 378,000Administration costs (office, consultation) 60,000TOTAL 536,000

41


Appealing Agencies UNITED NATIONS CHILDREN’S FUND (UNICEF)WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION (WHO)

Project Title Emergency nutritional interventions and prevention of malnutrition among children under-five in Khatlon and Sogd oblasts

Project Code TJK-08-1/H02ABSector Food SecurityObjective To reduce infant and child mortality and morbidity. Beneficiaries Nursing mothers and children under-five in rural areas:

200,000 malnourished children under-five50,000 pregnant and lactating women

Implementing Partners MoH, Republican Centre for nutrition, WFP, IMCI centre, local health departments and local NGOs

Project Duration October 2008 – November 2009Total Project Budget $1,715,210Funds Requested $914,105 UNICEF

$801,105 WHO

NeedsThe information collected during a joint food security, livelihoods, agriculture and nutrition assessment revealed that acute and chronic malnutrition rates have not significantly changed since the last survey in 2005, which points towards the negative effects of the winter and dietary changes of the nutritional status of young children. This situation is likely to be associated with poor infant feeding practices. Iron deficiency anaemia and growth retardation are still major concerns among infants and young children in Tajikistan. In 20032, 37.6% of infants/children aged 6-59 months were found anaemic.

Activities Capacity building: Train local health staff on management of malnutrition, promotion of infant

and young child feeding practices and prevention and treatment micronutrient deficiencies. Improvement of complementary feeding practices with food-based recommendations and in-

home fortification with micronutrient sprinkles for children 6-24 months. Scaling up introduction of life saving continuous supply of ready to use therapeutic foods F75,

F100, ReSo Mal essential to treat severe cases of malnutrition. Provision of multi-micronutrient supplements for pregnant women. Information and education campaigns for the population in breastfeeding, complementary

feeding, sexually transmitted diseases and reproductive health. Monitoring and evaluation: on-site monitoring of practices to manage cases of malnutrition and

promote appropriate infant and young child feeding practices strengthening growth monitoring and assessment of nutritional status.

Outcomes Improved nutritional status of children and pregnant women. Reduced morbidity and mortality of children and pregnant women. Improved knowledge and practices of care givers on child feeding practices. Improved capacity of health workers to manage severe and moderate cases of malnutrition. Therapeutic foods available for treatment of severe malnutrition at community level. Growth monitoring in place and functioning.


Training on management of severe cases of malnutrition; promotion of infant and young child feeding practices 30,000

Development and printing of materials and training modules 50,000Procurement of therapeutic foods, micronutrient supplements and sprinkles 1,053,000Procurement of growth monitoring equipment 100,000Production and dissemination of communication materials on infant and young child feeding 100,000

Financial and logistic support to MoH and local NGOs in implementing community and hospital based management of severe acute malnutrition 150,000

Project facilitation and supervision and monitoring activities 120,000Sub-total 1,603,000Project support costs 112,210TOTAL 1,715,210

42


Appealing Agency WORLD FOOD PROGRAMME (WFP)Project Title Emergency food assistance to people severely affected by food

insecurity and livelihood crisis during the critical hunger period gapsProject Code TJK-08-1/F01Sector Food SecurityObjective Save lives, protect livelihoods, enhance resilience to shocks of food

insecure people in rural and urban areas Beneficiaries TOTAL: 448,000 (246,000 children, 121,000 women)Implementing Partners Regional Governments (Hukumats, Jamoats), RCST, international

and national NGOsProject Duration The project will cover two distribution cycles, one in November 2008

after the harvest and before the winter and one in April 2009 after the winter

Total Project Budget $22,796,000Funds Requested $17,796,000

NeedsTo address the food crisis, a Vulnerable Group Feeding (VGF) Programme is essential on two occasions, before and after the winter, providing an estimated 348,000 people in rural areas and 100,000 people in urban areas with a two-month half-ration, amounting to a total of 24,730 MTs of wheat flour, peas, vegetable oil and salt19. This assistance will complement the food and cash based projects planned or implemented by other partners in the Food Security Cluster. WFP will target beneficiary families using the following criteria: (i) female-headed households with no private sector employment; (ii) ownership of less than 0.20 ha of non-irrigated land; (iii) ownership of less than five heads of livestock; (iv) families with six or more children; (v) families with two or more sick/disabled members; (v) families with cash income of less than 25 Tajikistan Somoni (TJS).

Food distributions should take place in October-November and March-April, the critical hunger gap periods. Feasibility of replacing up to 25% of the food with cash or vouchers will be assessed. WFP has emergency advance facility and food stocks available that can be used to start implementation as soon as the new contributions are confirmed. WFP will also increase, outside the appeal, its feeding programmes for malnourished children, primary school students and tuberculosis patients.

Activities Procurement, transport and handling of food commodities. Identification and selection of severely food insecure people in the areas of Khatlon and Sughd

regions with the highest prevalence of food insecurity. Distribution of food commodities to identified beneficiaries. Monitoring and evaluation of distribution and analysis of the changes in the food security

situation of beneficiaries.

OutcomesSave lives, protect livelihoods; enhance resilience to shocks of severely food insecure people in rural and urban areas.


Food commodities 17,691,000Shipping, Transport, Storage & Handling 1,886,000Direct Support and Other Direct Operational Cost 1,728,000ISC (7%) 1,491,000TOTAL 22,796,000

19 WFP, 2008.

43


Appealing Agency WORLD FOOD PROGRAMME (WFP)Project Title Food Security Monitoring SystemProject Code TJK-08-1/CSS02Sector Food SecurityObjective Mitigate the potential loss of live and protect livelihoods through the

timely availability of critical food security informationBeneficiaries TOTAL: Overall populationImplementing Partners Regional Governments (Hukumats, Jamoats), RCST, international and

national NGOsProject Duration 15 monthsFunds Requested $385,100

NeedsThe joint rural and urban assessments conducted in April and June 2008 indicated that 12% of the population was severely food insecure and 22% of the population moderately food insecure. These 34% of the rural population account for some 1.7 million people and indications are that their food security situation continues to worsen as a result of recurrent shocks as well as the increasing food and fuel prices.

Under the current circumstances, improving the mechanisms to monitor food security indicators and use them for decision-making has become more important than ever and is a critical step towards identifying and addressing vulnerabilities in Tajikistan in the short term as well as in the medium and long term.

Activities Enhance the design of the current food security monitoring system data collection tools. Provide training to enumerators (including government regular staff). Data processing and analysis. Quarterly reporting on food security situation (five reports under this period). Identify ways to institutionalise the system within the Government.

Outcomes Collection of regular, consistent and reliable food security data to monitor the food security

situation in Tajikistan at the household level. Provision and dissemination on a quarterly basis of food security information to stakeholders in

the food security sector in Tajikistan. Provision of food security information on a quarterly basis to allow for the design and

development of timely interventions. Mitigation of the potential loss of live and protection of livelihoods through the timely availability

of critical food security information.


Staff 159,100Transport 108,300Training 37,000Data collection tools 25,100Direct support and indirect support & operational cost 55,600TOTAL 385,100

44


Appealing Agency WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION (WHO)Project Title Nutrition monitoring and surveillance system for vulnerability mappingProject Code TJK-08-1/H03Sector Food SecurityObjective To identify nutritionally vulnerable population groups Beneficiaries 4,000 households/ 24,000 people in Soghd, Khatlon, GBAO and RRSImplementing Partners MoH, UNICEF, World Bank, UN agencies, local NGOs Project Duration October 2008-December 2009Funds Requested $353,849

NeedsThe rapid rise in price of basic foodstuffs has had a profound, immediate humanitarian impact that intensifies the existing prevalence of malnutrition in the country20. At the community level the monitoring of children nutritional status is an important tool for the identification of households with special needs. There are many practical difficulties to be addressed in food distribution, and in the past, food had at times failed to reach those who really needed it most. Information on vulnerability is urgently needed to target nutrition programmes accordingly. The activities under this proposal should form the basis for the establishment of a nationwide nutrition surveillance system that will permit to monitor regularly the nutritional and health status of population in affected areas of Tajikistan. Furthermore, this project will complement the project “Emergency nutritional interventions and prevention of malnutrition among children under-five in Khatlon and Sogd oblasts” by ensuring timely referral of severe cases of malnutrition

Activities Overall country vulnerability will be assessed with data collected from regular food security assessments. Regular monitoring of children’s and adults’ nutritional status, including haemoglobin measurements, will be integrated in ongoing food security monitoring systems. Anthropometric and dietary intake data shall be collected nation wide to develop vulnerability maps.

Specific Activities Collection of vulnerability data based on nutritional indicators. Growth monitoring and assessment of nutritional status. Training of primary health care staff in data collection (anthropometric measurements, dietary

intake assessment), data analysis, interpretation and information sharing.

Outcomes Strengthened data collection on nutritional status for vulnerability assessment. Improved capacity of local health staff in data collection and analysis. Integrated nutrition component in regular food security monitoring systems. Improved targeting of food distribution. Improved referral of children with severe malnutrition (timely and with a good coverage).


Overall coordination and supervision 48,000Lab equipment and material 71,800Training, preparation and printing of materials 28,000Staff costs 30,700Travel and logistics 52,000Dietary assessment 20,200Reporting and dissemination 25,000Regular monitoring activities 55,000Sub-total 330,700PSC 23,149TOTAL 353,849

20 Emergency Food Security Assessment (EFSA), 2008.

45


ANNEX I.

MAP OF FOOD SECURITY SITUATION IN URBAN AND RURAL AREAS

46


47


ANNEX II. MAIN DIFFICULTIES THIS YEAR COMPARED TO LAST – HOUSEHOLD SURVEY

48


ANNEX III. COMPOUND CRISIS GRAPH

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

100%

Incr

ease

d fo

odpr

ice

Incr

ease

d co

stof

fuel

Dec

reas

edin

com

e

Loss

of j

ob

Incr

ease

d de

bt

Hum

ansi

ckne

ss

Har

vest

failu

redu

e to

nat

ural

haza

rd

Ani

mal

dis

ease

Loss

of a

sset

sdu

e to

dis

aste

r

Wat

er a

nd /

orel

ectri

city

shor

tage

Per

cent

age

(%)

severely food insecure moderately food insecure food secure Tajikistan

49


ANNEX IV.

DONOR RESPONSE TO THE COMPOUND CRISES FLASH APPEL

FEBRUARY 2008

50


51


52


ANNEX V.

INTERNATIONAL FEDERATION OF RED CROSS AND RED CRESCENT SOCIETIES

Tajikistan Country Representation

Projects Title: Food Security Emergency Response in Dushanbe city and Direct Rule Districts.

Objective: Increase food and non-food self sufficiency and security of most vulnerable people elderly people alone and female-headed households in Dushanbe city and four districts in DRD.

Beneficiaries: TOTAL: 13 700 (traditional beneficiaries of the Tajikistan Red Crescent). Project Duration: October 2008 – December 2009

The International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies is supporting the Red Crescent Society of Tajikistan in identifying the needs of the vulnerable population in the coming winter. The focus is on food and non-food relief. Based on the experience gained during the last winter, the International Federation through the Disaster Relief Emergency Fund (DREF) and later an emergency appeal supported the Red Crescent Society provide relief food and non-food support to its traditional beneficiaries of elderly people alone and female-headed households. Taking into consideration the worse scenario that can occur this coming winter, the International Federation has already taken some preparedness actions:

Increased the non-food stock in 10 Tajikistan Red Crescent Society national disaster response centres through the emergency appeal and annual appeal for 2008-2009 to provide immediate support to the beneficiaries;

Trained and prepared the Tajikistan Red Crescent disaster response teams to conduct food and non-food needs assessment, beneficiary selection, distribution of both food and non-food items and proper warehousing.

The Tajikistan Red Crescent headquarters and branch staff are trained on how to use the International Federation disaster response tools and available resources

Planned activities:

Based on last year’s emergency situation and cold wave, lessons learned, the International Federation and Tajikistan Red Crescent is planning to support their traditional beneficiaries - most vulnerable and needy elderly people alone and female-headed households. Around 13,700 beneficiaries from Dushanbe city and four DRD districts will be directly supported. It should be mentioned that a needs assessment could change the numbers of beneficiaries and the activity plan.

The International Federation has developed its Tajikistan country plan for 2009-2010 together with the Red Crescent Society. The plan focuses on the four Global Agenda goals of the International Federation, with disaster preparedness and response one of the priorities. In 2009-2010 the International Federation will continue to strengthen the capacity of the Tajikistan Red Crescent, increasing the non-food emergency stock in the available warehouses to provide immediate response in cases of emergency. At the same time, it will focus on strengthening the capacity of Red Crescent staff and rural communities to be prepared and respond to various disasters.

In case of sharp food insecurity the International Federation will be ready to support the Red Crescent Society through its disaster response mechanisms. These include DREF, and in a larger-scale disaster, an emergency appeal.

53


ANNEX VI.

ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONSACTED Agency for Technical Cooperation and DevelopmentAKF Aga Khan FoundationAMEU Appraisal, Monitoring and Evaluation UnitARI Acute Respiratory Infection

CAP Consolidated Appeals ProcessCBO Community-based OrganisationCERF Central Emergency Response FundCFA Comprehensive Framework for ActionCHAP Common Humanitarian Action PlanCoES Committee for Emergency SituationsCOU Local Community Enterprises

DAC Development Assistance CommitteeDAP Di-ammonium Phosphate

ECHO European Community Humanitarian aid OfficeEFSA Emergency Food Security Assessment

FAO Food and Agriculture Organization

GAA German Agro-ActionGBAO Gorno-Badakhshan Autonomous OblastGDP Gross Domestic Product

HLTF High Level Task Force on Global Food CrisisHDI Human Development Index

ICARDA Centre for Agricultural Research in the Dry AreasIGR Insect Growth RegulatorsIMF International Monetary Fund IsDB Islamic Development Bank

JCSS Joint Country Support Strategy

MC Mercy Corps ME Mission EastMoA Ministry of AgricultureMoE Ministry of EducationMoH Ministry of HealthMSDSP The Mountain Societies Development Support ProgrammeMT Metric Tonne

NFI Non-Food ItemsNGOs Non-Governmental Organisations

OCHA Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian AffairsOECD Organisation for Economic Cooperation and DevelopmentOXFAM-GB Oxfam-Great Britain

PHC Primary Health CarePRRO Protracted Relief and Rehabilitation Operation

RC Resident CoordinatorRCST Red Crescent Society of TajikistanREACT Rapid Emergency Assessment and Coordination TeamRFO Residual Fuel OilRR Resident RepresentativeRRS Rayons of Republican Subordination

SC-UK Save the Children SIDA Swedish International Development Cooperation AgencySNFI Shelter and Non-Food Items

54


SPHERE Humanitarian Charter and Minimum Standards in Disaster ResponseTB TuberculosisTJS Tajikistan Somoni

UK United KingdomULV Ultra Low VolumeUN United NationsUNCT United Nations Country TeamUNDAF United Nations Development Assistance FrameworkUNDP United Nations Development ProgrammeUNESCO United Nations Educational Scientific and Cultural OrganizationUNFPA United Nations Population FundUNICEF United Nations Children’s FundUNTJ United Nations Tajikistan (website)

VGF Vulnerability Group Feeding

WASH Water, Sanitation, and HygieneWB World BankWFP World Food ProgrammeWHO World Health OrganizationWMO World Meteorological OrganizationWTO World Trade Organization

55

Consolidated Appeal Process (CAP)

The CAP is a tool for aid organisations to jointly plan, coordinate, implement and monitor their response to disasters and emergencies, and to appeal for funds together instead of competitively.

It is the forum for developing a strategic approach to humanitarian action, focusing on close cooperation between host governments, donors, non-governmental organisations (NGOs), the International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement, International Organization for Migration (IOM), and United Nations agencies. As such, it presents a snapshot of the situation and response plans, and is an inclusive and coordinated programme cycle of:

Strategic planning leading to a Common Humanitarian Action Plan (CHAP); Resource mobilisation leading to a Consolidated Appeal or a Flash Appeal; Coordinated programme implementation; Joint monitoring and evaluation; Revision, if necessary; Reporting on results.

The CHAP is the core of the CAP – a strategic plan for humanitarian response in a given country or region, including the following elements:

A common analysis of the context in which humanitarian action takes place; An assessment of needs; Best, worst, and most likely scenarios; A clear statement of longer-term objectives and goals; Prioritised response plans, including a detailed mapping of projects to cover all needs; A framework for monitoring the strategy and revising it if necessary.

The CHAP is the core of a Consolidated Appeal or, when crises break out or natural disasters strike, a Flash Appeal. Under the leadership of the Humanitarian Coordinator, and in consultation with host Governments and donors, the CHAP is developed at the field level by the Humanitarian Country Team. This team includes IASC members and standing invitees (UN agencies, the International Organisation for Migration, the International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement, and NGOs that belong to ICVA, Interaction, or SCHR), but non-IASC members, such as national NGOs, can also be included.

The Humanitarian Coordinator is responsible for the annual preparation of the consolidated appeal document. The document is launched globally near the end of each year to enhance advocacy and resource mobilisation. An update, known as the Mid-Year Review, is presented to donors the following July.

Donors generally fund appealing agencies directly in response to project proposals listed in appeals. The Financial Tracking Service (FTS), managed by the United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (OCHA), is a database of appeal funding needs and worldwide donor contributions, and can be found on www.reliefweb.int/fts.

In sum, the CAP is how aid agencies join forces to provide people in need the best available protection and assistance, on time.

http://www.reliefweb.int/

OFFICE FOR THE COORDINATION OF HUMANITARIAN AFFAIRS(OCHA)

UNITED NATIONS PALAIS DES NATIONSNEW YORK, NY 10017 1211 GENEVA 10

USA SWITZERLAND

humanitarian food security appeal for tajikistan 2008 … · web viewsample of organisations...

Documents