HWA CHONG INSTITUTIONEND-OF-YEAR EXAMINATION 2009

SUBJECT: LOWER SECONDARY SCIENCE

Level: Secondary Two

Duration: 2.5 hours

INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES

1. SECTION A: MCQ [30 marks]Answer all the questions on the OMR form provided.

SECTION B: BIOLOGY [30 marks]Answer all the questions in the spaces provided on the question paper.

SECTION C: CHEMISTRY [30 marks]Answer all the questions in the spaces provided on the question paper.

SECTION D: PHYSICS [30 marks]Answer all the questions in the spaces provided on the question paper.

2. At the end of the examination, hand inOMR form for SECTION A and SECTIONS B, C and D separately.

This question paper consists of 23 printed pages, including this page.

SECTION A: Multiple Choice Questions [30 marks] Answer all the questions on the OMR form provided.

1 Which of the following statements are true?

I Osmosis occurs in all living organisms.II Diffusion is the process by which the exchange of gases between leaf cells

and the atmosphere occurs.III A partially-permeable membrane allows only solvent molecules to pass through.IV Water can be extracted from a slice of carrot by putting it in a concentrated

salt solution.

A I, IIIB I, II, IVC II IIID I, II, III

2 Samples of potato chips of the same size were placed in a series of sucrose solution of increasing concentration. Which one of the following graphs represents the results of this experiment?

3 The diagram shows the tissues in a section of the root of a green plant.

2

sucrose concentration

sucrose concentration

sucrose concentration

sucrose concentration

Mass of sample

Mass of sample

Mass of sample

Mass of sample

A

B

C

D

What are the numbered tissues?epidermis phloem xylem

A 1 2 3` B 1 3 2

C 2 1 3D 2 3 1

4 Plants wilt when

A there is low light intensity.B no mineral salts are absorbed.C transpiration exceeds uptake of water.D not enough starch is made in the cells.

5 Pancreatic juice contains enzymes which digest

A proteins and fats onlyB fats and carbohydrates only.C proteins and carbohydrates only.D proteins, fats and carbohydrates.

6 What are the basic units from which glycogen is synthesised?

A simple sugarsB fatty acidsC glycerolD amino acids

7 The diagram below shows a longitudinal section through a human heart. Which chamber of the heart pumps blood to the lungs?

3

8 The diagram below shows three types of blood vessel 1, 2 and 3 (not drawn to scale).

Which of the following describes features of each blood vessel?

Fluid can pass through wall

Blood under high pressure

Least resistance to flow

A

B

C

D

1

2

3

3

2

1

1

2

3

3

2

1

9 The diagram below shows part of the human reproductive system.Which structures produce seminal fluid and sperm?

seminal fluid spermA

B

C

D

P

R

Q

S

Q

S

R

P

10 Which sequence of events is correct?

A menstruation → ovulation → fertilisation → implantationB menstruation → ovulation → implantation → fertilisationC ovulation → menstruation → fertilisation → implantationD ovulation → menstruation → implantation → fertilisation

4

U Pu

11 Table below shows some information about atoms P, Q, R, S and T.

Atom Atomic number Number of neutrons Nucleon numberP 11 12Q 15 31R 20 37S 8 17T 17 32

Which of the following statements about these particles are correct?

I. Q and T are isotopes.II. R and S are isotopes.III. P and S have the same number of neutrons.IV. Q and T have the same chemical properties.

A IB II and IIIC I and IVD III and IV

12 The elements and are used in nuclear weapons. What is the difference between an atom of each element?

A Four neutrons only.B Two neutrons and two protons.C Four neutrons and two protons.D Four protons only.

13 An atom of X has an atomic number of 19. Which of the following statements about X are correct?

I. X is a metal.II. X forms an ion with a charge of -1.III. An atom of X has 1 valence electron.IV. An ion of X has 18 electrons.

A I and IIB III and IVC I and IIID I, III and IV

14 Which of the following oxides is acidic?

A Carbon monoxideB Sulfur dioxideC Magnesium oxideD Copper(II) oxide

5

15 The following table gives the colours of various indicators and the pH at which the colours change.

Indicator Colour in strongly acidic solution

pH at which colour changes

Colour in strongly alkaline solution.

Bromocresol purple Yellow 6.5 PurpleAlizarine yellow R Yellow 12 RedCongo red Blue 5 Red

Which one of the following sets of colours would be obtained when each indicator is added separately to pure water?

Bromocresol purple Alizarine yellow R Congo red

A Yellow Yellow BlueB Yellow Red BlueC Purple Yellow RedD Purple Red Red

16 A student carried out an experiment to investigate the rate of reaction of calcium carbonate with hydrochloric acid. A graph of mass of beaker and content against time was plotted. Which of the graph below shows the expected result?

A C

B D

6

17 Which of the following is not suitable for testing the presence of acid?

A Adding potassium hydroxideB Adding magnesium ribbonC Adding calcium carbonateD Adding pH indicator

18 Which of the following salts can be prepared using precipitation method?

A Sodium chlorideB Zinc sulfateC Lead(II) nitrateD Barium sulfate

19 Which of the following pairs of reagents can be used to prepare copper(II) sulfate?

A Copper and sulfuric acidB Copper(II) hydroxide and sulfuric acidC Copper(II) chloride and sulfuric acidD Copper(II) nitrate and sodium sulfate

20 Which of the following substances is used to treat acidic soil?

A LimeB Sodium hydroxideC Ammonium sulfateD Magnesium chloride

21 Which of the following statements is not true of lasers?

A Lasers are monochromatic.B When a laser beam enters the eye, it can cause cornea burns.C Class IV lasers are the most hazardous.D The term, laser, means laser amplification and stimulated emission

of radiation.

22 Which list shows two surfaces which are able to produce diffused reflection?

A glass tabletop, still waterB glass tabletop, rippled waterC wooden tabletop, still waterD wooden tabletop, rippled water

7

23 A student holds a card upright in front of a plane mirror and sees an image of the card as shown below.

Which one of the following correctly shows the card he is holding?

A B C D

24 The diagram shows a ray of light travelling through three parallel media. The speeds of light in the three media are v1, v2 and v3 respectively. It is also given that 3 > 1

> 2.

Which one of the following lists is correct?

A v1 > v3 > v2

B v2 > v1 > v3

C v3 > v1 > v2

D v2 > v3 > v1

25 The focal length of a thin converging lens is 15.0 cm.

Which one of the following is a possible distance from the lens that an object can be placed so that the lens acts as a magnifying glass?

A 10.0 cmB 20.0 cmC 30.0 cmD 40.0 cm

8

1

2

3

medium 1 medium 2 medium 3

26 Two parallel rays of light enter a convex lens with optical centre O.

Which one of the following shows the correct path of emergent rays?

27 An apple is placed in front of a converging lens. A sharp image of the apple is captured on the screen.

Suppose the lens was dropped onto the ground and only the top half of the lens was left. What would be the change in the image formed on the screen?

A The image size will increase.B The image size will decrease.C The image brightness will increase. D The image brightness will decrease.

28 If a car appears black under red light, what is the true colour of the car?

A cyanB magentaC yellowD white

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converging lens screen

D

O

A

O

B

O

C

O

29 The diagram shows a beam of magenta light shone on a cyan filter.

What will be the colour seen on the screen?

A redB greenC blueD white

30 Which of the following statements about the dispersion of white light in a glass prism are true?

I. The red light component is refracted less than the blue light component. II. The blue light component travels faster than the red light component in glass. III. The red light component has a longer wavelength than the blue light component.

Which of the above statements are true?

A I, IIB I, IIIC II, IIID I, II, III

End of Section A

10

magenta light

cyan filter screen

Name: _____________________________( ) Class: Sec.2/_____

Lower Secondary Science Examination 2009

Marks

30SECTION B: BIOLOGY [30 marks]Answer all the questions in the spaces provided on the question paper.

1 Fig.1.1 shows the appearance of droplets of fat in the human stomach. [10]Fig. 1.2 shows how the same fat appears further along the alimentary canal.

Fig. 1.1 Fig. 1.2

(a) Where in the alimentary canal would fat droplets, similar to those found in Fig. 1.2, be found? [1]

________________________________________

(b)(i) Name the process that has caused the change in the appearance of the fats and explain how this change has been brought about. [2]

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(c) The stomach of a man was removed because of a disease. Digestion of whichclass of food was affected. Explain your answer. [3]

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(d) The diagram below shows a villus of the ileum of a mammal.

State two adaptations of the villi to the absorption of digested food. [4]

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2 Below is a diagram showing the relationship between part of the blood system and some cells in the body. [10]

(a) The cell labelled C is responsible for transporting oxygen. What is C?Explain briefly what compound it contains that enables it to carry out its function.

[3]_________________________________________________________________

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B

(b) Name the liquid found in area A and state four important substances that ittransports. [2]

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(c)(i) What is the structure labelled D? [1]

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(ii) State two observations from the diagram which help you to identify the structurelabelled D. [4]

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3 Fig. 3.1 below shows the reproductive organs of a woman. [10]

Fig. 3.1

(a) Label the parts P, Q and R. [2]

(b) What feature shown on the diagram might indicate that this woman is infertile? Explain your answer. [3]

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_________________________________________________________________

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(c) A married couple is considering using a contraceptive method to limit the number of children they can have. After a discussion with their doctor, the man decides to undergo a vasectomy. Explain what will be done during a vasectomy and how it will work as a contraceptive method. [3]

_________________________________________________________________

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(d) Fig. 3.2 shows the thickness of the uterus lining, and the level of progesterone in the blood, at different times in a woman’s menstrual cycle. A high level of the hormone progesterone in the blood is needed to keep a thick spongy lining in the uterus.

Fig. 3.2

Using the information provided in Fig. 3.2, suggest a period of time when implantation would be likely to be most successful. Explain your answer. [2]

_________________________________________________________________

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End of Section B

14

Name: _____________________________( ) Class: Sec.2/_____

Lower Secondary Science Examination 2009

Marks

30SECTION B: CHEMISTRY [30 marks]Answer all the questions in the spaces provided on the question paper.

1 The electronic configurations of five elements, A to D are given below.

A: 2.5 B: 2.3 C: 2.6 D: 2.8.3 E: 2.8.2

(a) The position of element B in the Periodic Table is shown below. (b) Put the other elements in their correct positions in the Table. [2]

B

(c) Which of the elements are non-metals? [2]

_______________________________

(d) Element X is in the same group as element C, and same period as element D. It has 16 neutrons.

(i) What is its electronic configuration? [1]

_____________________________________

(ii) Write the chemical symbol with atomic number and nucleon number to represent the atom X. [1]

_____________________________________

2 Hydrogen is a colourless gas and chlorine is a yellow-green gas. When the two gases react, a colourless gas called hydrogen chloride is produced.

(a) Write the chemical equation for the reaction. [1]

_________________________________________________________________

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Limewater

(b) Using to represent a hydrogen atom and to represent a chlorine atom, draw diagrams to show the arrangement of particles in [2]

(i) a mixture of hydrogen gas and chlorine gas

(ii) the compound hydrogen chloride

3 Study the scheme below and answer the following questions.

+

(a) Name substances U to Z. [6]

U: _________________________ X: ________________________

V: _________________________ Y: ________________________

W: ________________________ Z: ________________________

(b) Write the chemical equation for the reaction between gas V and lime water. [1]

_________________________________________________________________

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Compound U

Colourless gas V Colourless solution W

Gas X which turns moist red litmus paper blue

White solid Z

Dilute sulfuric acid Dilute Sodium hydroxide; warm

White precipitate Y

Concentrated hydrochloric acid

4 (a) You are given two samples:

Sample A: Solid citric acidSample B: A solution of citric acid in water

(i) Write in the table below, the main observation you would expect to obtain for each test. [4]

Action of the sample on sodium carbonate Electrical conductivity of the sample

Sample A

Sample B

(ii) Explain the electrical conductivity of samples A and B. [2]

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(b) Dilute potassium hydroxide was added to some dilute nitric acid in a beaker and stirred. A drop of phenolphthalein was then added. The solution turned from colourless to pink.

(i) Name the reaction between potassium hydroxide and nitric acid. [1]

_____________________________

(ii) Write a chemical equation for the reaction. [1]

______________________________________________________________

(iii) Explain why the indicator turned pink. [2]

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Step I:+ dilute nitric acid Step II:

5 A student was given some calcium oxide. He was required to use it to prepare a sample of calcium sulfate. He suggested the following reaction scheme to obtain the required salt.

(a) Name a chemical that can be added to calcium nitrate in step II. [1]

________________________________

(b) Write a chemical equation for the reaction in step II. [1]

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(c) Explain why calcium sulfate cannot be prepared from the reaction of calcium oxide with sulfuric acid. [2]

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End of Section C

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Calcium Calcium nitrate Calcium sulfate

Name: _____________________________( ) Class: Sec.2/_____

Lower Secondary Science Examination 2009

Marks

30SECTION D: PHYSICS [30 marks]Answer all the questions in the spaces provided on the question paper.

1 The diagram shows a plane mirror used in a shop to observe a display counter AB.

(a) On the diagram,

(i) draw four light rays to show how much of surface AB can be seen by the owner standing at P. Label the region XY. [4]

(ii) mark the position of the image of B in the mirror with a cross (x) and label it I. Show the construction line/s clearly. [2]

(iii) At which position, closest to the wall, must the owner stand along line L such that he is able to see I in the plane mirror? Mark this position with a cross (x) and label it Q. Show the construction line/s clearly. [2]

19

wall display counter

x P

BA

L

(b) The owner is thinking of replacing the plane mirror with a convex mirror.

(i) State one possible advantage of making the replacement. [1]

______________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________

(ii) State one disadvantage of making the replacement. [1]

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2 The diagram shows the side view of a container filled with water. A marble is immersed at the bottom of the container.

Two rays of light from the marble that reach the observer’s eye are drawn as shown.

(a) Complete the path of the two rays of light to show how the eye sees the marble at the bottom of the tank. Mark clearly the apparent position of the marble seen by the eye. [2]

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water

air

eye

marble

(b) Explain why the marble appears to be where it is when seen by the observer. [2]

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3 The diagram shows a section of an optical fibre which has a refractive index of 1.62. Two rays, A and B, are incident on surface XY of the fibre. Ray A emerges into the air along the tangent of the optical fibre at point Q.

(a) Explain why there is no change in the direction of light when ray A enters the optical fibre. [1]

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21

A

B

Q

X

Y

(b) State two conditions for ray A to emerge into the air along the tangent of the optical fibre at point Q. [2]

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(c) Measure and state the critical angle of the optical fibre. [1]

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(d) Would the value of critical angle measured in (c) decrease, increase or remain the same when the fibre is immersed in water? Explain your answer. [2]

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(e) Ray B meets ray A again at point Q. [3] On the diagram, continue the path of ray B in the optical fibre until it reaches

point Q.

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4 The diagram shows the image I of an object O placed in front of a thin converging lens.

(a) State two characteristics of image I. [1]

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(b) (i) Complete the paths of the two light rays from O travelling to form the image at I. [2]

(ii) Mark the position of the focal point, F, by drawing another light ray from O.[2]

(c) Another identical thin converging lens is placed at position M. Image I is now the object for this lens and an image of it, J, is produced.

State two differences between the appearance of I and J. [2]

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End of Section D

23

O

I

M