hybrid cars mnk

8/3/2019 Hybrid Cars MNK

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M. Naveen Kumar

Roll No: 08311A0237

Electrical & Electronics EngineeringSreenidhi institute of Science & Technology


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WHAT IS A HYBRID ELECTRIC vehicle

Any vehicle which combines two sources of power.

Gasoline-Electric hybrid vehicle is the hybrid vehiclenow in use.

The combination of an internal combustion engine (ICE)

with one or more electric motor/generators and a

battery pack.

An HEV uses less gasoline because the electric motor

does some of the work.


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Why hybrids?y Fuel efficiency is greatly increased (twice).

y Emissions are greatly decreased.

y Dependency on fossils fuels can be decreased.

y Hybrids can be run on alternative fuels as well.


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EVOLUTION OF HYBRIDy The first hybrid electric vehicle was engineered byFerdinand Porsche in 1928.since then no such vehiclescan put into production until the 20th century .

y Hybrid technology has been in use on railroad eversince 1930s, when the locomotives on earlystreamliners ran on gasoline-electric and diesel-electric systems at greater efficiencies than the stream

engines of the days.yAutomotive hybrid technology became commercially

successful in the 1990s when the Honda Insight andToyota Prius became available.


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HEV MODEL


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HEV COMPONENTSy Gasoline engine

The hybrid vehicle has a gasoline engine much like

the most vehicles. However, the engine on a hybrid issmaller and uses advanced technologies to reduceemissions and increase efficiency.

y Fuel tank

The fuel tank in a hybrid is the energy storagedevice for the gasoline engine. Gasoline has a muchhigher energy density than batteries . It takes about 1,000

pounds of batteries to store as much energy as 1 gallon (7pounds) of gasoline.


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Electric motor

The electric motor on a hybrid vehicle is verysophisticated. Advanced electronics allow it to act as a motor as

well as a generator. For example, when it needs to, it can draw

energy from the batteries to accelerate the vehicle. But acting

as a generator, it can slow the vehicle down and return energyto the batteries.

Generator

The generator is similar to an electric motor,

but it acts only to produce electrical power. It is used mostly on

series hybrids.


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Batteries

The batteries in a hybrid vehicle are the energystorage device for the electric motor. The electric motor on a

hybrid vehicle can put energy into the batteries as well as draw

energy from them.

Transmission

The transmission on a hybrid vehicle

performs the same basic function as the transmission on a

conventional vehicle.


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PARALLEL STRUCTUREy Both gasoline and electric systems are connected to

the transmission system.

y Both systems are coupled to a transmission systemwhich in turn rotates the wheels.

y Both gasoline and electric systems are connected

independently to the transmission system.

y Fuel tank supplies petrol to engine.

y Batteries supply power to electric motor.


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SERIES STRUCTURE

y Indirectly powers the vehicle.

y Gasoline engine turns the electric generator.

y Generator either charges the batteries or runs an

electric motor.


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PERFORMANCEConventional vehicle Hybrid vehicle

y Require relatively big engine.

y Manufactured to handle anydriving situation.

y Efficiency is less due to its

large size.

y No additional system is present.

y Mileage is lower due to big

engine and large components.

y Size of engine is small.

y

Engine is powerful enough todrive on freeway.

y More efficient due to small size& operating close to maximumload.

y

Additional help is provided byelectrical system to quickacceleration.

y High mileage due to small sizeof engine.


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HEV EfficiencyThree key factors:

Regenerative braking

Engine size Vehicle weight & aerodynamic design


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HEV Efficiency(contd)Engine size = may be smaller than in a conventional vehicle

Engine is sized to accommodate average loadnotpeak

load

Vehicle weight/aerodynamic design:

Built using special lightweight materials

Uses advanced aerodynamics to reduce drag


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Advanced Technologies

Regenerative Braking

Electric Motor Drive/Assist

Automatic Start/ ShutOff


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Regenerative BrakingRecaptures kinetic energy normally lost as heat

during braking

Kinetic energy = energy of motionElectric motor acts as a generator when brakes

applied

Converts kinetic energy to electrical energy, stored in

batteries

It becomespotential energy available for use

No system is 100% efficient


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Electric Motor Drive/AssistAdditional Power to assist engine Accelerating, Passing

and Hill Climbing.

So, allows Smaller and More Efficient Engine to be Used.


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Automatic Start/Shutoff

Automatically shuts off the engine when the vehicle

comes to a stop and restarts it when the accelerator ispressed. This prevents wasted energy from idling.


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Hybrid ReliabilityHybrids have some of the highest safety ratings of all

vehicles

High-voltage system contains many safety features

Battery charge is computer controlled extends

battery life

Batteries under warranty for 100,000 miles, is your

engine??????


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Hybrid Reliability(contd)

The cost of maintenance is reduced due to operation of

hybrid technology

Regenerative braking reduces wear on brakes

Idle stop extends engine life

Electric accessories reduce load on

engine


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Advantages: Reduced fuel consumption

Excellent gas mileage

Fewer tailpipe emissions

Lighter batteries than electric vehicles

Regenerative braking system stores electrical energy inBatteries

Uses less fuel to recharge batteries.


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Disadvantages: Reduced, but not emission-free

HEVs are partial zero-emission vehicles (PZEVs) they produce zero emissions only when engine is notrunning

More expensive than conventional Vehicles

Has a payback period in average use.


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Chevrolet Tahoe Hybrid

Honda Accord Hybrid

HondaCivic Hybrid

Ford Escape HybridGMC Silverado Hybrid

GMC Sierra Hybrid

Toyota PriusToyota Highlander Hybrid

Lexus 400h

Current Models of HEVs


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ConclusionUsing the concept of Hybridization of vehicles

results in better efficiency and also saves a lot of fuel

in todays fuel deficit world. It is indeed an importantresearch avenue for other vehicle manufacturing units as

well. A hybrid gives a solution to all the problems to some

extent. If proper research and development is done in

this field, hybrid vehicle promises a practical, efficient,

low pollution vehicle for the coming era.

hybrid cars mnk

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